Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity with adiposity and cardio-respiratory fitness in school-aged children: a compositional data analysis.

Background: Time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) all impact child health. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between time use and adiposity and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) in school-aged children.

Methods: Cross-sectional (n = 281) and longitudinal (n = 305) data were used from the Life on Holidays study with assessments over three time periods (two consecutive school years, and the interleaving summer holiday period).

Daily, prospective associations between sleep architecture and affect: insights from Bayesian multilevel compositional data analysis.

Background: Emerging statistical methods addressing the multilevel compositional nature of sleep architecture can offer insights into how daily time reallocations between sleep stages (total wake time in bed [TWT], light sleep [Non rapid eye movement stage 1 and 2], slow wave sleep [SWS], and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) are associated with post-sleep affect.

Purpose: This study investigated the daily, prospective association between sleep architecture and affect.

Methods: In 96 healthy, young adults across 15 consecutive days, sleep architecture was measured at night using electroencephalography (Z-Machine Insight+) and affect was self-reported using the PANAS-X at awakening.

Co-design of a digital 24-hour time-use intervention with older adults and allied health professionals.

Using co-design principles based on the Health CASCADE framework, we aimed to describe the collaborative process undertaken to develop a 24-hour time-use intervention, called Small Steps, which promoted gradual and incremental health-behavior change. A secondary aim was to reflect on the challenges and benefits of co-design in this project, offering insights into the "why" and "how" to co-design 24-hour time-use interventions with priority populations. Twelve participants were invited and participated in 6 co-design workshops (June 2023-January 2024).

A concept mapping approach to explore the perceived facilitating factors in shifting sedentary behavior into (more) physical activity: perspectives of healthcare professionals versus sedentary and/or inactive adults.

Purpose: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) such as Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP)-coaches and physiotherapists might play a crucial role in activating sedentary and/or inactive adults, which in turn might benefit their health. We aimed to explore the perceived facilitating factors to shift sedentary behavior (SB) into more physical activity (PA) comparing two perspectives 1) sedentary and/or inactive adults and 2) HCPs in their role to activate these adults.

Methods: A mixed method approach, i.

Associations of reallocating time between movement behaviours with adiposity and physical fitness among employees: a compositional data analysis.

Background: Adiposity and low physical fitness are critical public health issues, particularly when taking into consideration the worldwide shift from active to sedentary lifestyles. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine how reallocations of time between sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are associated with adiposity and physical fitness among Thai urban employees.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from a random sample of 424 adults working in Bangkok.

Methods for Characterization of Day-to-Day Intra-Individual Variation in 24-Hour Physical Behaviors.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSWe present methods to characterize individual day-to-day variation in physical behaviors, either by assessing variation in one behavior in isolation or multiple behaviors simultaneously. These methods could be used in future studies to evaluate the health implications of variation in occupational exposures. For example, the method presented for characterizing variation in a single behavior can be used to investigate how day-to-day variation in time spent standing relates to risks of developing musculoskeletal pain.

Associations between daily composition of 24 h physical behavior with affective states and working memory.

The daily association between 24-hour physical behavior compositions (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), standing, sedentary, and sleep) and psychological outcomes-such as momentary affective state assessments and working memory-remains understudied. We investigated whether the daily 24-hour compositions, particularly MVPA and SB considering the remaining behaviors, are associated with affective states and working memory. We conducted an ambulatory assessment study with 199 university employees.

Systematic Umbrella Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis: Effectiveness of Physical Activity in Improving Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents.

Objective: Depression and anxiety are prevalent and rising in children and adolescents, prompting interest in exercise as a potential therapeutic intervention. The aim of this systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis (a meta-analysis of meta-analyses) was to evaluate the effects of exercise on depression and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents and to identify the most promising exercise-based approaches.

Method: This systematic umbrella review was preregistered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024533558) and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR) guidelines.

Bayesian multilevel compositional data analysis: Introduction, evaluation, and application.

Multilevel compositional data are data that are repeatedly measured or clustered within groups, and are nonnegative and sum to a constant value. These data arise in various settings, such as intensive, longitudinal studies using ecological momentary assessments and wearable devices. Examples include 24-hr sleep-wake behaviors, sleep architecture, and macronutrients.

A scoping review of adult NCD-relevant phenotypes measured in today's large child cohort studies.

Background: Child cohort studies are important resources that can inform strategies to prevent adult noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Technological advances now enable direct measurement of NCD-relevant phenotypes at large scale. Across contemporary large child cohorts, we aimed to provide the first comprehensive map of NCD-relevant phenotype measurement and gaps.

Effectiveness of exercise for improving cognition, memory and executive function: a systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function across all populations and ages.

Methods: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function were eligible. Data extraction and risk of bias scoring were conducted in duplicate.

Minimum and optimal combined variations in sleep, physical activity, and nutrition in relation to all-cause mortality risk.

Background: Sleep, physical activity, and nutrition (SPAN) are critical behaviours for health, although they have traditionally been studied separately. We examined the combined associations of SPAN and the minimum between-individual variations associated with meaningfully lower all-cause mortality risk.

Methods: This prospective cohort analysis included 59,078 participants from the UK Biobank (median age: 64.

Diet, Activity and Sleep Clusters Associated With Obesity Markers of Children in the US-Affiliated Pacific.

Aim: Among children in the US-Affiliated Pacific, we aimed to identify lifestyle clusters and associations with obesity.

Methods: Movement behaviours, diet and anthropometrics were from the Children's Healthy Living Program (n = 1780; 2012-2015). Partitioning-around-medoids identified clusters; regression examined differences in anthropometrics.

Body Composition, Body Mass, and Cardiovascular Health in Mid-Childhood and Midlife: A Compositional Data Analysis.

We aimed to quantify associations of cardiovascular (CV) large and small artery measures with body composition and body mass (1) separately and (2) in combination in 11- to 12-year-old children and their parents. In the population-based cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint study (1495 children, mean 12 ± 0.4 years, 49.

The association between 24-h movement behaviours and adiposity among Australian preschoolers: a compositional data analysis.

Introduction: The relationship between 24-h movement behaviours (i.e. sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity) and adiposity in preschoolers remains unclear.

Harmonizing measurement tools: examining the concurrent validity of the Daily Activity Behaviors Questionnaire compared to the ActiGraph to assess 24-hour movement behaviors among adults.

Purpose: An accurate assessment of time spent in 24-hour movement behaviors (24 h-MBs) is crucial in exploring health related associations. This study aims to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Daily Activity Behavior Questionnaire (DABQ) compared to the ActiGraph using absolute and relative indicators of validity.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 105 adults (45 ± 13 y/o, 54% female).

Optimal levels of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity needed to support cognitive function in children of the early years.

Background: Sleep, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and the composition of these movement behaviours across the 24-h day are associated with cognitive function in early years children. This study used a Goldilocks day compositional data analysis approach to identify the optimal duration of sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity associated with desired cognitive function outcomes in early years children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 858 children aged 2.

Should We Work Smarter or Harder for Our Health? A Comparison of Intensity and Domain-Based Time-Use Compositions and Their Associations With Cognitive and Cardiometabolic Health.

Background: Each day is made up of a composition of "time-use behaviors." These can be classified by their intensity (eg, light or moderate-vigorous physical activity [PA]) or domain (eg, chores, socializing). Intensity-based time-use behaviors are linked with cognitive function and cardiometabolic health in older adults, but it is unknown whether these relationships differ depending on the domain (or type/context) of behavior.

A comparative analysis of 24-hour movement behaviors features using different accelerometer metrics in adults: Implications for guideline compliance and associations with cardiometabolic health.

Background: Movement behavior features such as time use estimates, average acceleration and intensity gradient are crucial in understanding associations with cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to 1) compare movement behavior features processed by commonly used accelerometer metrics among adults (i.e.

Real-World Accuracy of Wearable Activity Trackers for Detecting Medical Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Wearable activity trackers, including fitness bands and smartwatches, offer the potential for disease detection by monitoring physiological parameters. However, their accuracy as specific disease diagnostic tools remains uncertain.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether wearable activity trackers can be used to detect disease and medical events.

It's about time to exercise: development of the Exercise Participation Explained in Relation to Time (EXPERT) model.

A perceived 'lack of time' is consistently the most commonly reported barrier to exercise. However, the term fails to capture the multifaceted nature of time-related factors. Recognising the need for a more comprehensive analysis of 'lack of time' as a barrier to exercise, the aim of this study was to develop the exercise participation explained in relation to time (EXPERT) model.