Exploring Physical Activity in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Lower Limb Complications: A Scoping Review.

Aim: To synthesise contemporary evidence on physical activity (PA) levels in people with type two diabetes and lower limb complications (i.e., foot ulcer, peripheral neuropathy [PN], peripheral arterial disease and amputations).

Methods for Characterization of Day-to-Day Intra-Individual Variation in 24-Hour Physical Behaviors.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSWe present methods to characterize individual day-to-day variation in physical behaviors, either by assessing variation in one behavior in isolation or multiple behaviors simultaneously. These methods could be used in future studies to evaluate the health implications of variation in occupational exposures. For example, the method presented for characterizing variation in a single behavior can be used to investigate how day-to-day variation in time spent standing relates to risks of developing musculoskeletal pain.

Individual and socio-psychological characteristics as predictors of physical activity among men living with overweight and obesity taking part in the weight management behaviour change programme.

Background: Sufficient physical activity (PA) is important to reduce the risk of men developing chronic diseases and to improve mental health. The effectiveness of PA programmes can vary, however, among men. Individual and socio-psychological characteristics may affect the level of men's PA before starting a behaviour change programme as well as changes in PA during the programme.

Macropsychology: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Psychology Literature on Public Policy and Law.

Macropsychology examines the influence of macro-level factors such as policies and laws on our psychological well-being and how the field of psychology can be more effectively leveraged to influence them. While psychology has traditionally been focused at the individual level, a greater focus is needed on policies and laws at the macro level, including areas that are underpinned by psychological concerns such as human rights and social justice. Systematic scoping review methods based on the PRISMA guidelines were used to examine the following research question: To what extent is psychology, through macropsychology, engaging with public policy and law, particularly in relation to social justice? In total, 118 articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria, including 46 empirical articles and 72 conceptual articles.

Activity behaviours and quality of life in patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Background And Objective: Accelerometery is used to measure activity behaviours in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). This study aimed to evaluate physical activity and sedentary behaviour profiles of patients with MPE in Hong Kong, and to explore relationships between activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL). We also compared clinician-recorded performance status measures with objective measures of activity levels.

An Exploration of Adults Transitioning Into Retirements' Perspectives on Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity.

Issue Addressed: Australian adults transitioning into retirement aged 55-75 years (> 50%) do not meet the World Health Organization recommendation of physical activity (PA). One potential strategy to promote PA is through vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). This study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators from adults transitioning to retirement about participation in VILPA and to identify strategies to promote and implement VILPA.

The Impacts of Engagement in Men's Sheds on Incidental Physical Activity and Wellbeing Outcomes.

Background: As a large proportion of older adults are insufficiently active, it is imperative to identify ways to increase incidental physical activity. Men's Sheds, a mutual-aid, community-based organisation appear to be a promising approach for optimising wellbeing outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate whether Men's Sheds attendance is associated with higher levels of physical activity, and the relationships between physical activity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and wellbeing in Men's Shed members.

Human Rights and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in Health and Well-Being Policy Documents Relevant to Children and Young People in Ireland.

Children and young people constitute a structurally vulnerable group who often experience specific barriers when trying to exercise their rights, including the right to health. The aim of this study was to examine core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups in a sample of national health and well-being policy documents relevant to children and young people in Ireland. Using EquiFrame, a validated policy content analysis tool, 3 policy documents were analysed in relation to their commitment to 21 core concepts of human rights and inclusion of 13 vulnerable groups.

An Australian Football Themed Health Behaviour Change Intervention for Men With Cardiovascular Disease is Feasible and Acceptable: Results From a Feasibility Randomised Trial.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and weight management are critical for cardiovascular disease (CVD) secondary prevention. However, PA adherence during or after cardiac rehabilitation is low. Here, we assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Australian football-themed Aussie Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) program and associated trial procedures when adapted for men with CVD.

Self-supervised learning of accelerometer data provides new insights for sleep and its association with mortality.

Sleep is essential to life. Accurate measurement and classification of sleep/wake and sleep stages is important in clinical studies for sleep disorder diagnoses and in the interpretation of data from consumer devices for monitoring physical and mental well-being. Existing non-polysomnography sleep classification techniques mainly rely on heuristic methods developed in relatively small cohorts.

Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behavior of People Living With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Thigh-Worn Accelerometers.

Community-dwelling people with Mild Cognitive Impairment self-reporting not to be meeting recommended physical activity levels participated in this study to (a) determine compliance of wearing (thigh-worn) accelerometers, (b) describe physical activity levels and sedentary behavior, and (c) determine the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) compared with activPAL accelerometers. A total of 79 people had valid accelerometer data (median [interquartile range]: age, 71 [54-75] years). Compliance was 86.

Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cognitive domain performance of people living with mild cognitive impairment in the community.

Introduction: Physical activity is known to positively influence cognitive performance. For adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the relationship between physical activity levels and cognitive performance is unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine if cognitive performance [as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)] of people living in the community with MCI is associated with their physical activity levels or sedentary behaviour.

Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Vigorous Lifestyle Physical Activity in Adults Aged 55-75 Years: A Scoping Review.

Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, less than half of adults aged 55-75 years participate in sufficient physical activity. Short bouts of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) accumulated throughout the day can contribute toward the recommended volume of physical activity. A rich characterization of the barriers and facilitators to participation in VILPA is needed to develop targeted interventions.

Relationships between physical behaviour phenotypes of mothers in pregnancy and their offspring with child body composition.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify physical behaviour phenotypes in mothers in the first trimester and in their offspring at 24 months of age. The secondary aim was to examine relationships between mother and child behaviours with child body composition at age 24 months.

Methods: Longitudinal secondary analysis of the Glowing cohort collected between 1 February 2011 and 22 August 2017 in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Association between Physical Activity and Reduced Mortality in Inoperable Lung Cancer.

We examined device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour at the time of diagnosis in people with inoperable lung cancer and investigated their associations with 12-month mortality. The people with inoperable lung cancer wore an accelerometer for seven days prior to the treatment commencement. The analysed PA/sedentary behaviour variables included light-intensity PA, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), step count, the total time spent sedentary, and the usual sedentary bout duration.

Health behaviour profiles in young Australian adults in relation to physical and mental health: The Raine Study.

Issues Addressed: We aimed to identify latent health behaviour profiles of young adults and examine their associations with physical and mental health outcomes. We also characterised the profiles by socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods: Data were collected between 2012 and 2014.

Scale-up of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) men's health behaviour change program: a protocol for a randomised controlled hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.

Introduction: Improving physical activity (PA) and healthy eating is critical for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Behaviour change programmes delivered in sporting clubs can engage men in health behaviour change, but are rarely sustained or scaled-up post trial. Following the success of pilot studies of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) programme, a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial protocol was developed.

Associations of physical activity and quality of life in parapneumonic effusion patients.

Introduction: Little is known about activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL) of patients with parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE) after hospital discharge. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomised trial (dexamethasone placebo) for hospitalised patients with PPE. We: 1) described the patients' activity behaviour patterns and QoL measured at discharge and at 30 days post-discharge; and 2) examined the association between activity behaviours and QoL scores.

Relationship between TV Watching during Childhood and Adolescence, and Artery Function in Adulthood.

Purpose: Artery dysfunction is an early, integral stage in atherogenesis that predicts future cardiovascular events. Sedentary behavior, such as TV watching, is highly prevalent and associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated whether patterns of TV watching throughout childhood and adolescence were associated with artery function in adulthood.

Estimating sleep duration: performance of open-source processing of actigraphy compared to in-laboratory polysomnography in the community.

Comparisons of actigraphy findings between studies are challenging given differences between brand-specific algorithms. This issue may be minimized by using open-source algorithms. However, the accuracy of actigraphy-derived sleep parameters processed in open-source software needs to be assessed against polysomnography (PSG).

Self-supervised learning of accelerometer data provides new insights for sleep and its association with mortality.

Background: Sleep is essential to life. Accurate measurement and classification of sleep/wake and sleep stages is important in clinical studies for sleep disorder diagnoses and in the interpretation of data from consumer devices for monitoring physical and mental well-being. Existing non-polysomnography sleep classification techniques mainly rely on heuristic methods developed in relatively small cohorts.

Physical Activity, Sedentary and Sleep Phenotypes in Women During the First Trimester of Pregnancy.

Objectives: Patterns of physical behaviors including physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep are unknown during pregnancy, but are likely to influence health outcomes. The purpose was to first identify "physical behavior phenotypes" from accelerometer-measured physical behaviors in pregnant women during the first trimester and secondly, to explore the associations between the identified phenotypes with demographic variables and body-mass-index (BMI).

Methods: Data were from the Glowing Study (gov ID: NCT01131117), collected between 2011 and 2017 with accelerometer-measured physical behaviors of women in their 12th week of pregnancy.

Childhood sleep health and epigenetic age acceleration in late adolescence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Aim: Investigate if childhood measures of sleep health are associated with epigenetic age acceleration in late adolescence.

Methods: Parent-reported sleep trajectories from age 5 to 17, self-reported sleep problems at age 17, and six measures of epigenetic age acceleration at age 17 were studied in 1192 young Australians from the Raine Study Gen2.

Results: There was no evidence for a relationship between the parent-reported sleep trajectories and epigenetic age acceleration (p ≥ 0.

Device assessed activity behaviours in patients with indwelling pleural catheter: A sub-study of the Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)-2 randomized trial.

Background And Objective: Device-assessed activity behaviours are a novel measure for comparing intervention outcomes in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)-2 was a multi-centre clinical trial where participants with MPE treated with an indwelling pleural catheter were randomized to daily (DD) or symptom-guided (SGD) drainage for 60-days. Our aim was to describe activity behaviour patterns in MPE patients, explore the impact of drainage regimen on activity behaviours and examine associations between activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL).