Prospective associations of daily step count and stepping intensity with overall and type-specific major adverse cardiovascular events in people with hypertension.

Aims: To examine the dose-response associations of step count and stepping intensity with risk of cardiovascular mortality and incidence of heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE) in people with hypertension.

Methods And Results: Data were obtained from participants with established hypertension from the UK Biobank accelerometry sub-study. Participants wore a wrist-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days.

Device-Measured Sleep Characteristics, Daily Step Count, and Cardiometabolic Health Markers: Findings From the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting, and Sleep (ProPASS) Consortium.

Background: Sleep and physical activity (PA) are important lifestyle-related behaviors that impact cardiometabolic health. This study investigated the joint associations of daily step count and sleep patterns (regularity and duration) with cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using pooled data from the Prospective PA, Sitting, and Sleep Consortium, comprising 6 cohorts across Europe and Australia with thigh-worn accelerometry data collected between 2011 and 2021.

Higher PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan.

Background: The interaction between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and genetic factors can lead to epigenetic modifications, potentially increasing the risk of SLE development. However, the impact of PM2.

Device-captured incidental physical activity, sedentary behaviour and all-cause mortality risk.

Background: Incidental physical activity from normal daily living may be a more feasible approach to improve health status in adults who are unwilling or unable to complete traditional structured exercise. We aimed to determine if incidental physical activity can attenuate or eliminate the all-cause mortality risk associated with high-sedentary behaviour.

Methods: We examined the tertile-based joint associations of accelerometry-derived sedentary behaviour and (a) total incidental vigorous (VPA), (b) total incidental moderate to vigorous (MVPA), (c) vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA; incidental bouts <1 min) and (d) moderate to vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (MV-ILPA; incidental bouts <3 min) with mortality risk.

Maternal protein intake during pregnancy and obesity risk in mothers and offspring: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The optimal dietary macronutrient composition during pregnancy to mitigate obesity risk in mothers and offspring remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aims to assess associations between maternal dietary macronutrient composition and obesity outcomes in mothers and offspring.

Methods: We analyzed 66,360 singleton pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort, with dietary intake assessed at gestational week 25.

Dose Response of Incidental Physical Activity Against Cardiovascular Events and Mortality.

Background: Few middle-aged and older adults engage in regular leisure-time exercise. Incidental physical activity (IPA) encompasses activities of daily living outside the leisure-time domain. No dose-response study is available to guide IPA-focused interventions and guidelines.

Minimum and optimal combined variations in sleep, physical activity, and nutrition in relation to all-cause mortality risk.

Background: Sleep, physical activity, and nutrition (SPAN) are critical behaviours for health, although they have traditionally been studied separately. We examined the combined associations of SPAN and the minimum between-individual variations associated with meaningfully lower all-cause mortality risk.

Methods: This prospective cohort analysis included 59,078 participants from the UK Biobank (median age: 64.

Dose-response associations of device-measured sleep regularity and duration with incident dementia in 82391 UK adults.

Background: Sleep is a crucial lifestyle factor with impacts on mental and cognitive health. The associations between objectively measured sleep and risk of incident dementia are not yet fully understood. To evaluate the associations of device-measured sleep duration and regularity with incident dementia and explore whether sleep regularity moderates the association of sleep duration with dementia.

Associations between dietary macronutrient composition and cardiometabolic health: data from NHANES 1999-2014.

Purpose: Dietary macronutrients significantly impact cardiometabolic health, yet research often focuses on individual macronutrient relationships. This study aimed to explore the associations between dietary macronutrient composition and cardiometabolic health.

Methods: This study included 33,681 US adults (49.

Device-Measured 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Blood Pressure: A 6-Part Compositional Individual Participant Data Analysis in the ProPASS Consortium.

Background: Blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of structured exercise are well-established. Effects of 24-hour movement behaviors captured in free-living settings have received less attention. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between a 24-hour behavior composition comprising 6 parts (sleeping, sedentary behavior, standing, slow walking, fast walking, and combined exercise-like activity [eg, running and cycling]) and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP).

Can incidental physical activity offset the deleterious associations of sedentary behaviour with major adverse cardiovascular events?

Aims: Incidental physical activity as part of daily living may offer feasibility advantages over traditional exercise. We examined the joint associations of incidental physical activity and sedentary behaviour with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) risk.

Methods And Results: Analyses included 22 368 non-exercising adults from the UK Biobank accelerometry sub-study (median age [IQR]: 62.

Macronutrient composition of plant-based diets and breast cancer risk: the E3N prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Recent evidence suggests that plant-based diets may reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC). However, the macronutrient composition of plant-based diets and its potential impact on BC risk has not been well explored. This analysis investigated the association of macronutrient composition with BC risk across a spectrum of plant-based diet indexes using a multidimensional approach.

The Relationship between Dietary Macronutrient Composition and Telomere Length Among US Adults.

The role of dietary macronutrients and energy intake in the aging process has been well-established. However, previous research has mainly focused on the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and individual macronutrients, while the effects of macronutrient composition on LTL remain unclear. This cross-sectional analysis involved 4130 US adults (44.

Postprandial triglycerides across the aging spectrum: A secondary analysis utilizing an abbreviated fat tolerance test.

Background & Aims: Elevated postprandial triglycerides are an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor and observed in older adults. However, differences in postprandial triglycerides across the spectrum of adulthood remain unclear.

Methods And Results: We performed a secondary analysis of six studies where adults (aged 18-84 years; N = 155) completed an abbreviated fat tolerance test (9 kcal/kg; 70% fat).

Diet Quality, Microbial Lignan Metabolites, and Cardiometabolic Health among US Adults.

The gut microbiome has been shown to play a role in the relationship between diet and cardiometabolic health. We sought to examine the degree to which key microbial lignan metabolites are involved in the relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic health using a multidimensional framework. This analysis was undertaken using cross-sectional data from 4685 US adults (age 43.

Long-term adherence to healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets and breast cancer risk overall and by hormone receptor and histologic subtypes among postmenopausal females.

Background: Epidemiological studies assessing the influence of vegetarian diets on breast cancer (BC) risk have produced inconsistent results. Few studies have assessed how the incremental decrease in animal foods and the quality of plant foods are linked with BC.

Objectives: Disentangle the influence of plant-based diet quality on BC risk between postmenopausal females.

Multi-Nutrient Analysis of Dietary Macronutrients with All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: Data from NHANES 1999-2014.

Macronutrients are a major component of the human diet. However, few studies have assessed their collective association with mortality. We sought to evaluate the associations of macronutrient intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in US adults using a multi-nutrient approach.

Epigenetic Aging in Early Life: Role of Maternal and Early Childhood Nutrition.

Purpose Of Review: Early life presents a pivotal period during which nutritional exposures are more likely to cause epigenetic modifications, which may impact an individual's health during adulthood. This article reviews the current evidence regarding maternal and early childhood nutritional exposures and their role in epigenetic aging.

Recent Findings: Maternal and early life consumption of diets higher in fiber, antioxidants, polyphenols, B vitamins, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acids is associated with slower epigenetic aging.

Maternal dietary fatty acid composition and newborn epigenetic aging-a geometric framework approach.

Background: Maternal nutrition is associated with epigenetic and cardiometabolic risk factors in offspring. Research in humans has primarily focused on assessing the impact of individual nutrients.

Objectives: We sought to assess the collective impact of maternal dietary MUFAs, PUFAs, and SFAs on epigenetic aging and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy newborn infants using a geometric framework approach.

Fasting, non-fasting and postprandial triglycerides for screening cardiometabolic risk.

Fasting triacylglycerols have long been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other cardiometabolic conditions. Evidence suggests that non-fasting triglycerides (i.e.

Who would benefit most from postprandial lipid screening?

Background & Aims: Individuals with fasting triglycerides (TG) <150 mg/dL can experience a deleterious postprandial TG response ≥220 mg/dL to a high-fat meal (HFM). The purpose of this study was to identify individuals based on fasting TG that would benefit most from additional postprandial screening.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 7 studies from our laboratories featuring 156 disease-free participants (64 M, 92 F; age 18-70 years; BMI 18.

The reliability of an abbreviated fat tolerance test: A comparison to the oral glucose tolerance test.

Background & Aims: Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is predictive of cardiovascular disease risk, but the current method for assessing PPL is a burdensome process. Recently, the validity of an abbreviated fat tolerance test (AFTT) has been demonstrated. As a continuation of this research, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the AFTT and compare it to the reliability of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19: Potential modulation of hepatic metabolism for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disease that is becoming more prevalent in concert with obesity and poor lifestyle habits. Although NAFLD is treatable via lifestyle modification in early stages, more advanced liver pathologies (eg non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) are harder to reverse. There is no Food and Drug Administration approved pharmacological treatment for NAFLD, and little research has been done to identify compounds that target key NAFLD mechanisms.