Co-design of a digital 24-hour time-use intervention with older adults and allied health professionals.

Using co-design principles based on the Health CASCADE framework, we aimed to describe the collaborative process undertaken to develop a 24-hour time-use intervention, called Small Steps, which promoted gradual and incremental health-behavior change. A secondary aim was to reflect on the challenges and benefits of co-design in this project, offering insights into the "why" and "how" to co-design 24-hour time-use interventions with priority populations. Twelve participants were invited and participated in 6 co-design workshops (June 2023-January 2024).

A scoping review of adult NCD-relevant phenotypes measured in today's large child cohort studies.

Background: Child cohort studies are important resources that can inform strategies to prevent adult noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Technological advances now enable direct measurement of NCD-relevant phenotypes at large scale. Across contemporary large child cohorts, we aimed to provide the first comprehensive map of NCD-relevant phenotype measurement and gaps.

The sleep and activity database for the early years (SADEY) study: design and methods.

Background: Canada, Australia, the World Health Organization and other countries have released 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years which integrate physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, focusing on supporting children to achieve a healthy 24-hour day. The guideline evidence synthesis, however, highlighted the dearth of high-quality evidence, particularly from large-scale studies. The Sleep and Activity Database for the Early Years (SADEY) project aims to assemble a large, pooled database of 24-hour movement behaviours and health indicators in young children (birth to 5.

Optimal levels of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity needed to support cognitive function in children of the early years.

Background: Sleep, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and the composition of these movement behaviours across the 24-h day are associated with cognitive function in early years children. This study used a Goldilocks day compositional data analysis approach to identify the optimal duration of sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity associated with desired cognitive function outcomes in early years children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 858 children aged 2.

Health effects of children's summer holiday programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Unfavourable changes occur in children's health behaviours and outcomes during the summer holidays. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of summer holiday programs in mitigating these changes.

Methods: Six databases (MEDLINE, JBI, PsychINFO, Embase, ERIC and Scopus) were systematically searched for experimental controlled studies that investigated programs of at least 5 days' duration conducted exclusively during the summer holiday period on school-aged children (5-18 years).

Should We Work Smarter or Harder for Our Health? A Comparison of Intensity and Domain-Based Time-Use Compositions and Their Associations With Cognitive and Cardiometabolic Health.

Background: Each day is made up of a composition of "time-use behaviors." These can be classified by their intensity (eg, light or moderate-vigorous physical activity [PA]) or domain (eg, chores, socializing). Intensity-based time-use behaviors are linked with cognitive function and cardiometabolic health in older adults, but it is unknown whether these relationships differ depending on the domain (or type/context) of behavior.

Effect of Summer Holiday Programs on Children's Mental Health and Well-Being: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Poor youth mental health is an area of global concern. Summer holiday programs may provide environments that support mental health when the structures and supports of school are not available. The aim of this review was to determine the effectiveness of summer holiday programs in improving the mental health, social-emotional well-being, and cognitive (non-academic) outcomes of children and adolescents.

Measuring 24-h use of time in people with a diabetes-related foot ulcer: A feasibility study.

Background: Physical activity (PA), sleep and sedentary time are now recognised as mutually exclusive and exhaustive parts of the 24-h day-if PA decreases, time spent sleeping, being sedentary or both must increase so that all components equate to 24 h. Recent advances in time-use epidemiology suggest that we should not consider time-use domains (PA, sleep and sedentary time) in isolation from each other, but in terms of a composition-the mix of time-use domains across the 24-h day. While interrelated daily activities are known to be important in the management of diabetes mellitus, few studies have investigated the interrelated daily activities in people with an active diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) and their impact on important outcomes such as wound severity, blood glucose control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Improving the identification of bone-specific physical activity using wrist-worn accelerometry: A cross-sectional study in 11-12-year-old Australian children.

Physical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence is important for the accrual of maximal peak bone mass. The precise dose that benefits bone remains unclear as methods commonly used to analyze PA data are unsuitable for measuring bone-relevant PA. Using improved accelerometry methods, this study identified the amount and intensity of PA most strongly associated with bone outcomes in 11-12-year-olds.

Children's Health, Wellbeing and Academic Outcomes over the Summer Holidays: A Scoping Review.

Background: The school day provides a supportive and stimulating environment that may protect children and adolescents (5-18 years) from behaviours that are adverse for health and wellbeing.

Objective: To review the literature regarding changes in children's academic achievement or overall wellbeing during the extended school summer break and evaluate if the outcomes are different for children experiencing disadvantage.

Methods: The peer-reviewed literature was searched across six electronic databases for studies tracking changes in any academic, health or wellbeing outcome in children over the summer holidays.

The Annual Rhythms in Sleep, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity of Australian Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity have fundamental impacts on health and well-being. Little is known about how these behaviors vary across the year.

Purpose: To investigate how movement-related behaviors change across days of the week and seasons, and describe movement patterns across a full year and around specific temporal events.

Cross-sectional associations between 24-hour time-use composition, grey matter volume and cognitive function in healthy older adults.

Background: Increasing physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy to slow reductions in cortical volume and maintain cognitive function in older adulthood. However, PA does not exist in isolation, but coexists with sleep and sedentary behaviour to make up the 24-hour day. We investigated how the balance of all three behaviours (24-hour time-use composition) is associated with grey matter volume in healthy older adults, and whether grey matter volume influences the relationship between 24-hour time-use composition and cognitive function.

Meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines is linked to academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive difficulties in youth with internalizing problems.

Background: This study aimed to investigate associations of meeting 24-h movement behavior (24-HMB: physical activity [PA], screen time [ST] in the school-aged youth, and sleep) guidelines with indicators of academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive function in a national representative sample of U.S. youth.

The Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Use of Time in Australian Children and Adolescents.

Purpose: There are well-known socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in children and adolescents' health which may be associated with time use. Our aim was to evaluate the association between Australian children's 24-hour time use and SES using four separate surveys from 2005 to 2021.

Methods: Time use was assessed in 4526 8-19-year-olds from the 2005 Health of Young Victorians, 2007 National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2015 Child Health CheckPoint, and 2019-21 Life on Holidays study.

Association between the use of weight management strategies and weight change among Australian adults over 12 months: an observational study.

Background: Obesity is a growing, global public health issue. This study aimed to describe the weight management strategies used by a sample of Australian adults; examine the socio-demographic characteristics of using each strategy; and examine whether use of each strategy was associated with 12-month weight change.

Methods: This observational study involved a community-based sample of 375 healthy adults (mean age: 40.

Weekly, Seasonal, and Festive Period Weight Gain Among Australian Adults.

Importance: Obesity is a major global health concern. A better understanding of temporal patterns of weight gain will enable the design and implementation of interventions with potential to alter obesity trajectories.

Objective: To describe changes in daily weight across 12 months among Australian adults.

Characteristics associated with differences in 24-hour device-measured and self-reported sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity in a sample of Australian primary school children.

Background: How much time children spend sleeping, being sedentary and participating in physical activity affects their health and well-being. To provide accurate guidelines for children's time use, it is important to understand the differences between device-measured and self-reported use-of-time measures, and what may influence these differences. Among Australian primary school-aged children, this study aimed to describe the differences between device-measured and self-reported sleep, sedentary behaviour, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and to explore how sociodemographic and personal characteristics were associated with these differences.

Corrigendum: Twenty-four-hour time-use composition and cognitive function in older adults: cross-sectional findings of the ACTIVate study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.

Longitudinal reallocations of time between 24-h movement behaviours and their associations with inflammation in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN study.

Background: While there is evidence that physical activity, sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep may all be associated with modified levels of inflammatory markers in adolescents and children, associations with one movement behaviour have not always been adjusted for other movement behaviours, and few studies have considered all movement behaviours in the 24-hour day as an exposure.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore how longitudinal reallocations of time between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), SB and sleep are associated with changes in inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.

Methods: A total of 296 children/adolescents participated in a prospective cohort study with a 3-year follow-up.

Weather associations with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep patterns of Australian adults: a longitudinal study with implications for climate change.

Background: Weather is a potentially important influence on how time is allocated to sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity across the 24-h day. Extremes of weather (very hot, cold, windy or wet) can create undesirable, unsafe outdoor environments for exercise or active transport, impact the comfort of sleeping environments, and increase time indoors. This 13-month prospective cohort study explored associations between weather and 24-h movement behaviour patterns.

How do 24-h movement behaviours change during and after vacation? A cohort study.

Background: For adults, vacations represent a break from daily responsibilities of work - offering the opportunity to re-distribute time between sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across the 24-h day. To date, there has been minimal research into how activity behaviour patterns change on vacation, and whether any changes linger after the vacation. This study examined how daily movement behaviours change from before, to during and after vacations, and whether these varied based on the type of vacation and vacation duration.

Twenty-four-hour time-use composition and cognitive function in older adults: Cross-sectional findings of the ACTIVate study.

Introduction: Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are associated with cognitive function in older adults. However, these behaviours are not independent, but instead make up exclusive and exhaustive components of the 24-h day. Few studies have investigated associations between 24-h time-use composition and cognitive function in older adults.