SlBBX26 regulates vegetative growth, flowering and fruit development through the modulation of SlPIF4.

The BBX family of transcription factors regulate several physiological processes during plant vegetative and reproductive development, bridging light signaling to hormones metabolism. Here, we do an in-depth functional characterization of the tomato SlBBX26 (Solyc10g006750) gene by generating and phenotyping CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-edited and RNAi-mediated knockdown lines. We demonstrate that SlBBX26 regulates the negative factor of light signaling, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING PROTEIN 4 (PIF4), which in turn modulates vegetative growth and flowering by controlling gibberellins (GAs) biosynthetic genes expression and signaling, respectively.

First report on the chemical composition of volatile compounds in the essential oils and aromas of , , and (Polygalaceae).

This study presents a comprehensive chemical analysis of the essential oil isolated from , and aroma analysis of and , employing both fresh and dried samples. Notable differences were observed between the fresh and dried samples of essential oil from . In the fresh sample, the predominant compounds were (,)-geranyl linalool (33.

Development and Holocrine Secretion of Resin Ducts in (Calophyllaceae).

The modes of formation and release of secretion are complex processes that occur in secretory ducts and their description has great divergence in some species. The use of modern techniques to detect hydrolytic enzymes, cytoskeleton arrangement and indicators of programmed cell death may help clarify the processes involved during the ontogeny of that gland. The goal of our study was to analyze subcellular changes during schizogenous formation and secretion production and release into the lumen in resin ducts of .

Review: Laticifer as a plant defense mechanism.

Laticifers have been utilized as paradigms to enhance comprehension of specific facets of plant ecology and evolution. From the beginning of seedling growth, autonomous laticifer networks are formed throughout the plant structure, extending across all tissues and organs. The vast majority of identified products resulting from laticifer chemistry and metabolism are linked to plant defense.

Style head in Apocynaceae: a very complex secretory activity performed by one tissue.

Nuptial glands are very diverse and associated with different pollination mechanisms. The greater the specificity in the pollen transfer mechanism from anther to stigma, the greater the morphological elaboration of flowers and functional complexity of the nuptial glands. In Apocynaceae, pollination mechanisms reached an extreme specificity, a fact that was only possible due to an extreme morphological synorganization and a profusion of floral glands.

Inaugural Description of Extrafloral Nectaries in Sapindaceae: Structure, Diversity and Nectar Composition.

Sapindales is a large order with a great diversity of nectaries; however, to date, there is no information about extrafloral nectaries (EFN) in Sapindaceae, except recent topological and morphological data, which indicate an unexpected structural novelty for the family. Therefore, the goal of this study was to describe the EFN in Sapindaceae for the first time and to investigate its structure and nectar composition. Shoots and young leaves of were fixed for structural analyses of the nectaries using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Corrigendum: Laticifer growth pattern is guided by cytoskeleton organization.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

Loss of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase disturbs phytohormone homeostasis and regulates shoot side branching and fruit growth in tomato.

S-Nitrosoglutathione plays a central role in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis, and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) regulates the cellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione across kingdoms. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous NO in shaping shoot architecture and controlling fruit set and growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlGSNOR silencing promoted shoot side branching and led to reduced fruit size, negatively impacting fruit yield.

Laticifer growth pattern is guided by cytoskeleton organization.

Laticifers are secretory structures that produce latex, forming a specialized defense system against herbivory. Studies using anatomical approaches to investigate laticifer growth patterns have described their origin; however, their mode of growth, i.e.

Histochemical Analysis of Plant Secretory Structures.

Histochemical analysis is essential for the study of plant secretory structures whose classification is based, at least partially, on the composition of their secretion. As each gland may produce one or more types of substances, a correct analysis of its secretion should be done using various histochemical tests to detect metabolites of different chemical classes. Here I describe some of the most used methods to detect carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids in the secretory structures.

Adnate Leaf-Base and the Origin of Ribs in Succulent Stems of L.

Stem succulence evolved independently in many plant lineages as an adaptation to arid environments. One of the most interesting cases is the convergence between Cactaceae and , which have anatomical adaptations mostly to increase photosynthetic capability and water storage. Our goal was to describe the shoot development in two succulent species of using light microscopy coupled with high-resolution X-ray-computed tomography.

Gynoecium structure in Sapindales and a case study of Trichilia pallens (Meliaceae).

Sapindales is a monophyletic order within the malvid clade of rosids. It represents an interesting group to address questions on floral structure and evolution due to a wide variation in reproductive traits. This review covers a detailed overview of gynoecium features, as well as a new structural study based on Trichilia pallens (Meliaceae), to provide characters to support systematic relationships and to recognize patterns of variations in gynoecium features in Sapindales.

Secretory Patterns in Colleters of Apocynaceae.

Colleters of Apocynaceae are glands related to different types of protection of vegetative and floral meristems through the production of mucilage or a mixture of many different compounds. Although several anatomical papers have shown histological and histochemical aspects of colleters of the family, almost nothing is known about their secretory process. In this study, we analyzed two types of colleters in Apocynaceae: one produces mucilage and lipophilic compounds, while the other produces an exclusively mucilaginous secretion.

Stinging Trichomes in Apocynaceae and Their Evolution in Angiosperms.

Stinging trichomes are rare in plants, occurring only in angiosperms, where they are reported for a few genera belonging to six families. Although there is no report of stinging trichomes in Apocynaceae, previous fieldwork collections of and caused us a mild allergic reaction on the skin when we contacted the dense indumentum of the plants. This fact associated with the well-known presence of glandular trichomes with acute apex in both genera raised suspicions that stinging trichomes could be present in the family.

Two Origins, Two Functions: The Discovery of Distinct Secretory Ducts Formed during the Primary and Secondary Growth in .

Secretory ducts have been reported for more than 50 families of vascular plants among primary and secondary tissues. A priori, all ducts of a plant are of the same type, and only slight variations in the concentration of their compounds have been reported for few species. However, two types of secretion were observed in primary and secondary tissues of , leading us to investigate the possible influence of duct origins on the structure and metabolism of this gland.

Corrigendum: Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.

Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance.

Laticifer occurrence and structure are poorly known in Sapindaceae. Occurrence is likely underestimated owing to the low production of latex in most species. We investigated 67 species from 23 genera of Sapindaceae to verify laticifer occurrence and their structural, developmental and chemical features, as well as their evolutionary history in the family.

Crystal structure and specific location of a germin-like protein with proteolytic activity from Thevetia peruviana.

Peruvianin-I is a cysteine peptidase (EC 3.4.22) purified from Thevetia peruviana.

Phytochrome-Dependent Temperature Perception Modulates Isoprenoid Metabolism.

Changes in environmental temperature influence many aspects of plant metabolism; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In addition to their role in light perception, phytochromes (PHYs) have been recently recognized as temperature sensors affecting plant growth. In particular, in Arabidopsis (), high temperature reversibly inactivates PHYB, reducing photomorphogenesis-dependent responses.

Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato.

Photoreceptor engineering has recently emerged as a means for improving agronomically beneficial traits in crop species. Despite the central role played by the red/far-red photoreceptor phytochromes (PHYs) in controlling fruit physiology, the applicability of PHY engineering for increasing fleshy fruit nutritional content remains poorly exploited. In this study, we demonstrated that the fruit-specific overexpression of a constitutively active GAF domain Tyr -to-His PHYB2 mutant version (PHYB2 ) significantly enhances the accumulation of multiple health-promoting antioxidants in tomato fruits, without negative collateral consequences on vegetative development.

C and crassulacean acid metabolism within a single leaf: deciphering key components behind a rare photosynthetic adaptation.

Although biochemically related, C and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) systems are expected to be incompatible. However, Portulaca species, including P. oleracea, operate C and CAM within a single leaf, and the mechanisms behind this unique photosynthetic arrangement remain largely unknown.

Laticifers, Latex, and Their Role in Plant Defense.

Latex, a sap produced by cells called laticifers, occurs in plants of wide taxonomic diversity. Plants exude latex sap in response to physical damage. Questions about the function of latex or the underlying mechanisms persist, but a role in defense is likely.

Solanum lycopersicum GOLDEN 2-LIKE 2 transcription factor affects fruit quality in a light- and auxin-dependent manner.

Plastids are organelles responsible for essential aspects of plant development, including carbon fixation and synthesis of several secondary metabolites. Chloroplast differentiation and activity are highly regulated by light, and several proteins involved in these processes have been characterised. Such is the case of the GOLDEN 2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors, which induces the expression of genes related to chloroplast differentiation and photosynthesis.

Osmophores and floral fragrance in and (Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales.

Flowers of Anacardiaceae and other Sapindales typically produce nectar, but scent, often associated with a reward for pollinators, has surprisingly been mentioned only rarely for members of the family and order. However, flowers of and produce a strong sweet scent. The origin and composition of these floral scents is the subject of this study.

Phylogeny of Schinus L. (Anacardiaceae) with a new infrageneric classification and insights into evolution of spinescence and floral traits.

Schinus, best known by its few cultivated and invasive species, is the largest genus of Anacardiaceae in southern South America. It is remarkably diverse compared to closely related genera, with approximately 42 species, most of which occur in several arid vegetation types and extend into Andean and Atlantic moist forests. The most comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus dates to 1957, recognizing S.