Assessing the Need for Retraining ENT Residents in Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy through Skill Lab Sessions.

Unlabelled: Fiberoptic laryngoscopy is a critical skill for ENT residents, especially in cases where conventional laryngoscopy is ineffective. Although hands-on training under faculty supervision is common, it carries risks such as patient discomfort and complications. Skill lab training mitigates these risks, but skill decay over time remains a concern.

Children Discharged Against Medical Advice and Their Outcome in a Public Hospital in India: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: To determine the factors associated with discharge against medical advice (DAMA), and the readmission and mortality rate at one-month follow-up among these children.

Methodology: This prospective cohort study enrolled consecutive children (6 months-12 years) from one designated inpatient ward. Clinical and demographic data, and information about reasons for DAMA were collected using a structured interview.

Perception of Pediatric Resident Physicians on Self-Directed Learning: A Multi-institutional Survey.

Objectives: To assess the opportunities and limitations of self-directed learning (SDL) among pediatric postgraduate trainees.

Methods: A semi-structured anonymized questionnaire was administered to pediatric postgraduate trainees to assess their readiness towards SDL, current practices, opportunities and limitations of SDL. Closed ended questions were scored using a five-point Likert scale.

Profile of Musculoskeletal Anomalies in Indian Children with Down Syndrome.

Objectives: This hospital-based study evaluated the magnitude and characteristics of musculoskeletal anomalies in children with Down syndrome.

Methods: Children aged 3 months to 14 years, diagnosed to have Down syndrome by karyotyping, were evaluated for musculoskeletal anomalies. We excluded children diagnosed with another chronic condition affecting musculoskeletal health (e.

Hospital-Onset Seizures in Children Aged 3 Months to 12 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To describe the clinical profile, etiology and outcome of children with hospital-onset seizures (HOS) in a tertiary care public hospital.

Methods: In this prospective study, consecutive children aged 3 months to 12 years admitted for at least 24 hours in the Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary care public hospital between 1 February, 2021 and 15 September, 2021, were followed-up during hospital stay till death/discharge. Any child admitted within 7 days following head trauma, or admitted for seizure control during the current illness was excluded.

Effect of Anti-Seizure Medication Monotherapy on Vitamin D Levels in Indian Children: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background And Purpose: The timeline of alteration of vitamin D and calcium levels in those receiving anti-seizure medication (ASM) remains to be elucidated. To determine the changes in vitamin D levels over a period of 6 months among children receiving monotherapy with commonly used ASM.

Methods: The baseline serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus were measured in 32 children (median age 8 years) with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Isolation, characterization, quantification and antioxidant activity of compounds from .

In the present study, 85% aqueous ethanol extract of stem bark (MESB) showed the isolation of six bioactive compounds including myricanone (), myricanol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (), myricetin (), myricolol (), β-sitosterol (), and β-sitosterol-D-glucoside (). The HPLC approach revealed as a key bioactive compound, with a 69% abundance in the crude ethanol (CE) extract. Furthermore, the CE was assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH and hydroxyl radical tests, while purified compounds were examined for total antioxidant capacity using cyclic voltammetry and verified using the density functional theory (DFT) method.

A bio-nano-engineered platform fabricated from cerium oxide-carbon nanoparticles stabilized with chitosan for label-free sensing of a lung cancer biomarker.

Herein, we report a label-free cancer biosensor designed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection using a nanohybrid comprising CeO nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), and chitosan (Ch). CeO nanoparticles were prepared using a simple green synthesis process. A thin film of the CeO-CNPs-Ch nanohybrid was formed on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass plates that endowed a high surface area, excellent stability, and good adsorption for the efficient loading of CEA antibodies.

Profile of Chronic Non-Epilepsy Drug Use in Children with Epilepsy: Single Centre Experience.

We determined the burden of concomitant chronic non-epilepsy drug use in 100 consecutive outpatient children with a diagnosis of epilepsy (mean (SD) age 7.38 (3.24) y), taking anti-seizure medications (ASM) for at least 6 months.

The Indian Academy of Pediatrics and Directorate General of Health Services, Government of India White Paper on Transition of Care for Youth with Special Health Care Needs.

Over the years, survival of children with chronic diseases has significantly improved and a large proportion of them now are entering into adulthood. Transition of Care (ToC) of such patients with having childhood onset of chronic diseases to the adult health care system is well organized in developed countries, although it is an emerging concept in India. In situations where the systems for ToC are not in place, such cases are fraught with unsatisfactory health outcomes.

Spirometry in Children at Six Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Single-Center Study.

Objective: To study the spirometry parameters of children six months after severe acute coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods: This single center descriptive study enrolled children aged 7-18 years after 6 months of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A detailed interval history and clinical examination was recorded.

Comparison of Neurodevelopmental Status in Early Infancy of Infants of Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives: To study the neurodevelopmental status of offsprings of mothers with gestational diabetes (OGDM) aged 3½ mo.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital, New Delhi which included infants aged 3½ mo (+1 wk) who were either offsprings of women with gestational diabetes (cases) or infants of mothers without gestational diabetes mellitus presenting to tertiary care public hospital in India from January, 2018 through March, 2019, with enrollment of infants done between 10 April, 2018 and 30 March, 2019.

Results: The development quotient (DQ) using Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants (DASII) was calculated as Motor DQ, Mental DQ and a composite DQ.

Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Adolescent Siblings of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: To compare the quality of life (QoL) of adolescent siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD-Sibs) with siblings of typically developing children (TD-Sibs), and study the factors affecting the QoL.

Methods: Between 1 February, 2021 and 31 September, 2021, 40 children aged 10-18 years, whose sibling was suffering from ASD, were enrolled (Study group). 40 age- and sex-matched siblings of children with no clinically apparent neuro- developmental abnormality or behavioral problem were also enrolled (Control group).

Composition of Common Junk Food Items and Their Contribution to the Dietary Requirement of Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To estimate the carbohydrate, energy, fat, protein, and sodium content of commonly consumed junk food items and to compare these to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) of children.

Methods: A list of eight common junk food categories was made, and the median nutritional content of carbohydrate, energy, fat, protein and sodium was determined from the commonly consumed brands in these categories. It was compared to the RDA and EAR for two different age groups viz.

Trihexyphenidyl in young children with dystonic cerebral palsy: A single arm study.

Purpose: The incidence of dystonic cerebral palsy causing significant morbidity is on the rise. There is a paucity of evidence for the management of dystonia in children.

Methods: Forty-one children aged 6 months-5 years with predominantly dystonic cerebral palsy were started on a predetermined protocol of trihexyphenidyl (0.

Effect of Propranolol Prophylaxis on Headache Frequency in Children with Migraine Without Aura: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of propranolol prophylaxis with placebo on headache frequency in children with migraine over the 3-mo follow-up.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial children aged 6-12 y with newly diagnosed migraine without aura as per the International Classification for Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria were enroled. They were randomized to the intervention group receiving oral propranolol (1-3 mg/kg/d, BID) and the control group receiving a similar looking, inert, oral placebo for migraine prophylaxis for 3 mo.

Effect of Concomitant Tuberculosis Infection on COVID-19 Disease in Children: A Matched, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects on the health of millions globally. Patients with tuberculosis (TB) are a vulnerable population. There is paucity of data to assess association between the 2 diseases in Pediatric population.

Effect of Daily Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children with Epilepsy Receiving Sodium Valproate Monotherapy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To compare the change in serum vitamin D levels and to compare the changes in serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone in vitamin D supplemented and unsupplemented groups after 3 mo.

Methods: In this randomized, parallel group, nonblinded, controlled trial, 40 children, 2-12 y of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy, and vitamin D sufficient status, and started on valproate monotherapy, were randomized into the intervention group (n = 20), which was given daily oral 600 IU vitamin D supplementation, and the control group (n = 20), which was not given any supplementation. Changes in the biochemical parameters was measured in the two groups after 3 mo.

Phytochemical: a treatment option for heavy metal induced neurotoxicity.

Heavy metals are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Some heavy metals are necessary while present in the growing medium in moderate concentrations known to be essential heavy metals as they required for the body functioning as a nutrient. But there are some unwanted metals and are also toxic to the environment and create a harmful impact on the body, which termed to be non-essential heavy metals.

Diagnosis and Management of Global Development Delay: Consensus Guidelines of Growth, Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Chapter, Neurology Chapter and Neurodevelopment Pediatrics Chapter of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics.

Justification: Global developmental delay (GDD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental disorder; however, paucity of published literature and absence of uniform guidelines increases the complexity of clinical management of this condition. Hence, there is a need of practical guidelines for the pediatrician on the diagnosis and management of GDD, summarizing the available evidence, and filling in the gaps in existing knowledge and practices.

Process: Seven subcommittees of subject experts comprising of writing and expert group from among members of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) and its chapters of Neurology, Neurodevelopment Pediatrics and Growth Development and Behavioral Pediatrics were constituted, who reviewed literature, developed key questions and prepared the first draft on guidelines after multiple rounds of discussion.