Infracyanine Green-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Immune-Mediated Keratitis in Horses.

Objective: To describe infracyanine green-based photodynamic therapy (InfraCG-PDT) and evaluate outcomes in horses with immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK).

Animals Studied: Medical records from 2014 to 2020 from the Equine Clinic Munich-Riem, Germany, and Auburn University Equine Ophthalmology Service identified horses diagnosed with IMMK following ophthalmic examination that had undergone InfraCG-PDT.

Procedures: Multiple intrastromal injections of EmunDo (InfraCG, A.

Evaluation of Ropinirole versus Apomorphine for Emesis Induction in Dogs.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of ropinirole (ROP) eye drops and IV apomorphine (APO) for inducing emesis in dogs in an emergency setting and to compare the adverse effects of these two drugs.

Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial between October 2021 and March 2023.

Setting: Two private specialty referral centers.

Heparinized venous blood gas syringes are associated with a significant decrease in measured packed cell volume in dogs due to hemodilution.

Objective: To assess the effect of hemodilution on PCV when commercial preheparinized venous blood gas (PH-VBG) syringes are used compared to directly filled Hct tubes, and to evaluate the impact of delayed centrifugation on PCV.

Methods: A prospective study of 102 dogs presenting to a private emergency department between November 1, 2023, and February 29, 2024, with 306 corresponding blood samples. Samples were collected by direct venipuncture.

Secondary fastener (tape) placement on a blood pressure cuff causes interindividual Doppler blood pressure measurement variability in healthy large-breed dogs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare Doppler blood pressure (DBP) measurements between blood pressure cuffs (BPCs) with and without a secondary fastener (tape) in healthy nonanesthetized large-breed dogs.

Animals: 28 healthy dogs.

Methods: Superficial palmar venous arch DBP measurements with and without tape on the BPC were performed in lateral recumbency with Doppler ultrasound.

Frequency of retinal detachments in dogs after prophylactic transpupillary retinopexy.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of retinal detachments following prophylactic transpupillary retinopexy (PTPRP).

Methods: The medical records of dogs that received a PTPRP between 2014 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for age, sex, breed, reason for retinopexy, laser power setting, number of retinal burns, follow-up duration, and outcome. Laser power settings were increased until retinal burns could be visualized and were made 360° in a double row in the peripheral retina.

Preliminary evaluation of a novel method for computed tomography quantification of lumbosacral articular process displacement in dogs with and without degenerative lumbosacral stenosis.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the diagnostic discrimination and reliability of a novel technique for quantifying lumbosacral articular process displacement (LSAPD) on dorsal plane computed tomography (DPCT) imaging in dogs with and without degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS).

Study Design: DPCT surveys of the lumbosacral vertebral column were performed with dogs positioned in extension and flexion. LSAPD is defined as the distance between the cranial aspects of the L7 and S1 articular processes.

Validation of Noninvasive Methemoglobin and Carboxyhemoglobin Measurements Using Pulse Co-Oximeter in Healthy Dogs.

Purpose: To assess the agreement between pulse co-oximeter and blood co-oximeter in measuring methemoglobin (MetHb) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in healthy, awake dogs.

Patients And Methods: Forty-five healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Pulse co-oximetry was performed using the Masimo Radical 7 Pulse Co-Oximeter with a Rainbow adhesive sensor.

The Impact of Cat Fostering on Older Adult Well-Being and Loneliness: A Feasibility Study.

Objectives: This feasibility study explored the impact of fostering a shelter cat on loneliness and well-being in older adults living alone without a pet. The study also examined the effect of cat fostering on older adults' interest in cat adoption when perceived barriers to adoption were removed.

Methods: A total of 29 adults (age ≥60) were paired with a cat and asked to foster for a minimum of 4 months (with an option to adopt).

Evaluation of red blood cell distribution width, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and other hematologic parameters in canine acute pancreatitis.

Objective: To determine if RBC distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other hematological parameters are associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality, increased length of hospitalization (LOH), or disease severity as measured by the Canine Acute Pancreatitis Severity (CAPS) score in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP).

Design: Retrospective, multicenter study from January 2016 to August 2020.

Setting: Four private emergency and specialty referral centers.

Prevalence, differences, and potential correlation to age, sex, breed, coat color, iris color, and geographic location in naturally occurring refractive errors in the normal equine eye from Germany and North Carolina.

Purpose: To evaluate the normal refractive state in horses in NCSU and ECMR and determine the prevalence of naturally occurring refractive errors and their association with breed, age, coat color, iris color, sex, and geographic location.

Methods: Horses from NCSU (January 2009-November 2012) and ECMR (January 2013-September 2016) underwent ophthalmic examination and streak retinoscopy. Location, color, breed, sex, and iris color were recorded.

Evaluation of a modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures scoring system in staged bilateral tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedures and comparison of first and second side radiographic bone healing.

Objective: To evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures (mRUST), a semiquantitative scoring system, as compared with the subjective evaluation of radiographic union for staged TPLOs.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Forty-eight dogs, 96 stifles.

Fracture rate and time to fracture in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma receiving finely fractionated compared to coarsely fractionated radiation therapy: A single institution study.

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is used for local pain alleviation in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (OS), especially among dogs that are poor surgical candidates for amputation. However, many historical reports of fractionated protocols lack time to fracture and fracture rates.

Objectives: The primary objectives of this retrospective study were to determine fracture rate and time to fracture of dogs receiving RT (coarse or fine fractionated) for appendicular OS.

Single instead of triplicate intraocular pressure measurements in dogs do not substantially lower accuracy and precision but do slightly reduce statistical power.

Objective: To compare single and triplicate applanation tonometry values across previous intraocular pressure (IOP) studies in dogs.

Animals: 116 ophthalmologically normal dogs.

Procedures: Triplicate IOP readings (n = 1432) from studies evaluating effect of anesthetic protocols were analyzed to estimate a range of probable differences between averaged triplicate and first, averaged and lowest, and first and lowest IOPs.

Effect of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on healing times and complications in dogs with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects.

Background: Little is published regarding topical NSAID effect on corneal healing in dogs. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare healing times and complications in dogs with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) treated with and without topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).

Methods: Medical records of 66 dogs (71 eyes) diagnosed with SCCED between 2008 and 2019 were included.

Use of autologous serum or Vizoovet to improve healing rates of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects after diamond burr debridement in dogs.

Purpose: To determine whether the use of autologous serum or Vizoovet® improved healing rates of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) after diamond burr debridement (DBD) in dogs.

Study Design: Two parallel group randomized prospective study with a historical control group.

Materials And Methods: Canine patients having undergone DBD for treatment of SCCEDs were included.

Description of and complications associated with reinforced, free-form external skeletal fixation for treatment of appendicular fractures in cats: 46 cases (2010-2019).

Objective: To describe a modified technique for reinforced, free-form external skeletal fixation (rFF-ESF) of appendicular fractures in cats and identify factors associated with development of complications.

Animals: 46 cats with fractures repaired with rFF-ESF at Angell Animal Medical Center between 2010 and 2019.

Procedures: Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, affected bone, fracture location and orientation, degree of comminution, severity (open vs closed), fixator type, number of fixation pins, use of an intramedullary pin (yes vs no), surgeon experience (staff surgeon vs surgical resident), anesthesia time, surgery time, perioperative antimicrobial administration, concurrent surgical procedures, intraoperative complications, postoperative alignment, whether fixator destabilization was performed, and time to complete fixator removal.

Clinical findings associated with blunt ocular trauma in horses: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: Identify ocular findings associated with blunt ocular trauma to aid in differentiation from other equine ocular diseases.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Medical records of horses at the Equine Clinic Munich-Riem, Munich, Germany and Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed.

Clinical assessment of heartworm-infected Beagles treated with a combination of imidacloprid/moxidectin and doxycycline, or untreated.

Background: Administration of moxidectin topically and doxycycline PO has been utilized experimentally as an alternative treatment for heartworm disease. However, clinical effects of this protocol remain poorly characterized.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and postmortem findings associated with administration of doxycycline and monthly 10% imidacloprid + 2.

Effects of 0.02% netarsudil ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure of normotensive dogs.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of QD or BID 0.02% netarsudil ophthalmic solution (Aerie Pharmaceuticals) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive dogs and to describe any adverse effects.

Animals Studied: Normotensive Labrador retriever dogs were included in this study: 10 received netarsudil in one eye and artificial tears in the contralateral eye QD, and 10 received netarsudil in one eye and artificial tears in the contralateral eye BID.

Adenovirus 36, adiposity, and bone strength in late-adolescent females.

Adenovirus 36 (Ad36) is the only adenovirus to date that has been linked with obesity in humans. Our previous studies in late-adolescent females suggest that excess weight in the form of fat mass is associated with lower cortical bone strength. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between Ad36-specific antibodies, adiposity, and bone strength in our sample of late-adolescent females.

Evaluation of methylprednisolone and triamcinolone for the induction and maintenance treatment of pruritus in allergic cats: a double-blinded, randomized, prospective study.

Background: Oral triamcinolone (T) and methylprednisolone (M) have been recommended at various dosages for the control of pruritus associated with feline allergic dermatitis.

Objectives: The first objective was to determine effective dosages of methylprednisolone (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and triamcinolone (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., St Joseph, MO, USA) required to induce remission from pruritus associated with feline allergic dermatitis.

Quantitative evaluation of dichloroacetic acid kinetics in human--a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling investigation.

Dichloroacetic acid is a common disinfection by-product in surface waters and is a probable minor metabolite of trichloroethylene. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) liver carcinogenicity has been demonstrated in rodents but epidemiological evidence in humans is not available. High doses of DCA ( approximately 50mg/kg) are used clinically to treat metabolic acidosis.

Low-dose effects of ammonium perchlorate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of adult male rats pretreated with PCB126.

The objective of this research was to characterize the disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis resulting from exposure to a binary mixture, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) and perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)), known to cause hypothyroidism by different modes of action. Two studies were conducted to determine the HPT axis effects of ClO(4)(-) on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with PCB126. In dosing study I, rats were administered a single oral dose of PCB126 (0, 7.

The Acute Exposure Guideline Level (AEGL) program: applications of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.

The primary aim of the Acute Exposure Guideline Level (AEGL) program is to develop scientifically credible limits for once-in-a-lifetime or rare acute inhalation exposures to high-priority, hazardous chemicals. The program was developed because of the need of communities for information on hazardous chemicals to assist in emergency planning, notification, and response, as well as the training of emergency response personnel. AEGLs are applicable to the general population, including children, the elderly, and other potentially susceptible subpopulations.