Complications Associated with AMBU™ Scope Use: An FDA MAUDE Analysis.

Ambu® aScope™ is a disposable flexible videoscope used for a wide range of medical procedures. However, adverse events associated with this device can occur. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was explored for patient-related adverse events associated with Ambu® aScope™ use between January 1, 2000 and December 15, 2023.

Impact of Obesity on Timing of Tracheotomy: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study.

Objective: To examine the impact of increased body mass index (BMI) on (1) tracheotomy timing and (2) short-term surgical complications requiring a return to the operating room and 30-day mortality utilizing data from the Multi-Institutional Study on Tracheotomy (MIST).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients from the MIST database who underwent surgical or percutaneous tracheotomy between 2013 and 2016 at eight institutions was completed. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of obesity on tracheotomy timing and complications.

The utility of ChatGPT as a generative medical translator.

Purpose: Large language models continue to dramatically change the medical landscape. We aimed to explore the utility of ChatGPT in providing accurate, actionable, and understandable generative medical translations in English, Spanish, and Mandarin pertaining to Otolaryngology.

Methods: Responses of GPT-4 to commonly asked patient questions listed on official otolaryngology clinical practice guidelines (CPG) were evaluated with the Patient Education materials Assessment Tool-printable (PEMAT-P.

SNOT-22 subdomain outcomes following treatment for sinonasal malignancy: A prospective, multicenter study.

Background: Patients with sinonasal malignancy (SNM) present with significant sinonasal quality of life (QOL) impairment. Global sinonasal QOL as measured by the 22-item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) has been shown to improve with treatment. This study aims to characterize SNOT-22 subdomain outcomes in SNM.

Clinicodemographic Predictors of Tracheotomy Tube Size and Decannulation: A Multiinstitutional Retrospective Cohort Study on Tracheotomy.

Objective: We aimed to discern clinico-demographic predictors of large (≥8) tracheostomy tube size placement, and, secondarily, to assess the effect of large tracheostomy tube size and other parameters on odds of decannulation before hospital discharge.

Summary Of Background Data: Factors determining choice of tracheostomy tube size are not well-characterized in the current literature, despite evidence linking large tracheostomy tube size with posttracheotomy tracheal stenosis. The effect of tracheostomy tube size on timing of decannulation is also unknown, an important consideration given reported associations between endotracheal tube size and probability of failed extubation.

Cochlear Implantation and Risk of Falls in Older Adults.

Objective: To examine whether cochlear implantation (CI) increases the risk of clinically significant falls in older adults.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of deidentified administrative claims from a US commercial insurance database.

Setting: Nationwide deidentified private insurance claims database (Clinformatics Data Mart; Optum).

Virgin β-Cells at the Neogenic Niche Proliferate Normally and Mature Slowly.

Proliferation of pancreatic β-cells has long been known to reach its peak in the neonatal stages and decline during adulthood. However, β-cell proliferation has been studied under the assumption that all β-cells constitute a single, homogenous population. It is unknown whether a subpopulation of β-cells retains the capacity to proliferate at a higher rate and thus contributes disproportionately to the maintenance of mature β-cell mass in adults.

Functional Outcomes of Septal Extension Grafting in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: A Cohort Analysis.

Septal extension grafts (SEGs) are used widely in rhinoplasty as a means of controlling tip position. Grafts positioned in a side-to-side configuration may cause nasal airway obstruction. Retrospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Psychological and autonomic effects of art making in college-aged students.

Background And Objectives: Anxiety disorders comprise the most common category of mental illness among US young adults. Art making might be one method to help reduce anxiety, but the few studies investigating this have used only subjective measures of anxiety.

Design: This study employed both subjective (self-reported state anxiety from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and objective (heart rate variability) measures to assess whether 30-minute periods of art making reduced anxiety in 47 first-year college students prior to their final examinations.

Frequency of the frame-shifting CYP2D7 138delT polymorphism in a large, ethnically diverse sample population.

Cytochrome P450 2D7 (CYP2D7) has long been considered a pseudogene. A recent report described an indel polymorphism (CYP2D7 138delT) that causes a frameshift generating an open reading frame and functional protein. This polymorphism was observed in 6 of 12 samples from an Indian population.

ABT-888, an orally active poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that potentiates DNA-damaging agents in preclinical tumor models.

Purpose: To evaluate the preclinical pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy of a novel orally bioavailable poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, ABT-888.

Experimental Design: In vitro potency was determined in a PARP-1 and PARP-2 enzyme assay. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in syngeneic and xenograft models in combination with temozolomide, platinums, cyclophosphamide, and ionizing radiation.

Salmeterol improves pulmonary function in persons with tetraplegia.

beta(2)-Adrenergic agonists are known to improve muscle strength because of anabolic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine if long-term administration of a long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist to subjects with tetraplegia is associated with improvement in pulmonary function parameters and maximal static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively), measures of respiratory muscle strength. The study was a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial and conducted at the James J.

Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 activity classified by SLCO1B1 genotype influences atrasentan pharmacokinetics.

Objective: Our objective was to learn whether genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes or transport proteins provide a mechanistic understanding of the in vivo disposition of atrasentan, a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist.

Methods: Atrasentan uptake was measured in HeLa cells transfected to express major alleles of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1). The results were used to classify individuals as extensive, intermediate, or poor OATP1B1 transporters according to their SLCO1B1 genotypes.

Phase 1 study of ABT-751, a novel microtubule inhibitor, in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies.

Purpose: ABT-751 is an oral antimitotic agent that binds to the colchicine site on beta-tubulin. A phase 1 study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose and toxicities of ABT-751 in patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome and relapsed or refractory acute leukemias.

Study Design: Thirty-two patients were treated: nine with 100 (n = 3), 125 (n = 3), or 150 mg/m(2) (n = 3) of ABT-751 given orally once daily for 7 days every 3 weeks and 23 with 75 (n = 3), 100 (n = 3), 125 (n = 5), 150 (n = 5), 175 (n = 3), or 200 mg/m(2) (n = 4) of ABT-751 given orally once daily for 21 days every 4 weeks.

Autonomic nervous system function among individuals with acute musculoskeletal injury.

Objective: To determine differences in peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic function between individuals with acute musculoskeletal injury (<1 week) and healthy controls.

Methods: Autonomic cardiovascular modulation, baroreceptor sensitivity, skin conductance, and peripheral skin temperature were obtained in 6 subjects with acute musculoskeletal injury and 6 age- and sex-matched controls. Power spectral analysis was performed on both beat-to-beat R-R intervals and continuous systolic blood pressure (SBP) peaks.

Assessment of airway caliber and bronchodilator responsiveness in subjects with spinal cord injury.

Study Objectives: Previous spirometric findings among subjects with chronic tetraplegia that reduction in FEV1 and maximal forced expiratory flow, mid-expiratory phase (FEF(25-75%)) correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, and that many of these subjects exhibited significant bronchodilator responsiveness, suggested that baseline airway caliber was low in this population. To better evaluate airway dynamics in patients with spinal cord injury, we used body plethysmography to determine specific airway conductance (sGaw), a less effort-dependent and more reflective surrogate marker of airway caliber.

Design: Cohort study.

Impact of CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizer alleles on single-dose desipramine pharmacokinetics.

This study utilized cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotypes to explain variability of desipramine pharmacokinetics in a cohort of non-poor metabolizer individuals. In an interaction study utilizing desipramine as a probe, genotyping for the CYP2D6*3, *4, *5 and *6 alleles was used to screen out CYP2D6 poor metabolizers. Individuals were categorized according to these and additional alleles (CYP2D6*2, *9, *10, *17, *41 and x2).

Relationship of respiratory symptoms with smoking status and pulmonary function in chronic spinal cord injury.

Objective: The relationship of respiratory symptoms to pulmonary function parameters and smoking status was assessed in subjects with chronic (>1 year) spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods And Participants: As part of their annual physical examination, subjects were queried regarding respiratory symptoms and underwent pulmonary function studies. The 180 patients who successfully completed pulmonary function testing were evaluated, including 79 subjects with tetraplegia (56 nonsmokers and 23 smokers) and 101 subjects with paraplegia (78 nonsmokers and 23 smokers).