Evaluation of a Region-Wide Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program : A Pilot Cohort Study.

Background: Violent injury survivors are at risk for revictimization. The St. Louis area hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP), Life Outside of Violence (LOV), is the first multisystem, region-wide HVIP in the United States.

Networked Behaviors Associated With a Large-Scale Secure Messaging Network: Cross-Sectional Secondary Data Analysis.

Background: Communication among health care professionals is essential for effective clinical care. Asynchronous text-based clinician communication-secure messaging-is rapidly becoming the preferred mode of communication. The use of secure messaging platforms across health care institutions creates large-scale communication networks that can be used to characterize how interaction structures affect the behaviors and outcomes of network members.

Screening for Social Determinants of Health in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Point-of-Care Feasibility Study.

Objective: Social determinants of health (SDoH) can impact outcomes but are not routinely screened for in US outpatient rheumatology clinics. This study determined the feasibility of routine point-of-care SDoH screening among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and associated barriers and facilitators at the physician, care team, and patient levels.

Methods: This observational, prospective, mixed-methods pilot study (GSK Study 219011) conducted in two large academic tertiary lupus clinics in the United States screened adults with SLE for SDoH over two weeks (institution 1, July to August 2023) and seven weeks (institution 2, August to October 2023).

Parsing Clinical and Neurobiological Sources of Heterogeneity in Depression.

Background: Patients with depression vary from one another in their clinical and neuroimaging presentation, but the relationship between clinical and neuroimaging sources of variation is poorly understood. Determining sources of heterogeneity in depression is important to gain insights into its diverse and complex neural etiology. In this study, we aimed to test whether depression heterogeneity is characterized by subgroups that differ both clinically and neurobiologically and/or whether multiple neuroimaging profiles give rise to the same clinical presentation.

Moxidectin combination therapies for lymphatic filariasis: an open-label, observer-masked, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti causes hydroceles and lymphedema in millions of individuals worldwide. Annual mass drug administration of ivermectin plus albendazole (IA) temporarily clears microfilariae from the blood of infected individuals and is used in Africa to reduce W bancrofti transmission. This study aimed to investigate whether moxidectin combination therapies are superior to ivermectin combination therapies for clearance of W bancrofti microfilaremia.

Association of EHR-Integrated Secure Messaging Use with Clinician Workload and Attention Switching.

Background: Secure messaging use for clinician-to-clinician communication has grown rapidly in recent years.

Objective: To examine the association between secure messaging use, electronic health record (EHR) time, and frequency of attention switching among clinicians primarily working in an inpatient setting.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Ankle range of motion following surgical correction of early relapse in clubfoot.

Surgical options for relapsed clubfoot include repeat heel cord lengthening or posterior release for recurrent equinus, and anterior tibialis tendon transfer (ATT) for residual dynamic supination deformity. Some studies have suggested that these procedures be performed in isolation to allow for early range of motion after intra-articular surgery. This study was performed to examine clinical and radiographic outcomes comparing two surgical methods, simultaneous ATT with posterior release (ATT/PR) vs ATT performed in isolation (ATT(i)), for the management of recurrent clubfoot deformity.

Impact of mass drug administration with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole for lymphatic filariasis on hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Papua New Guinea.

Background: Persons with lymphatic filariasis (LF) are often co-infected with soil-transmitted helminths. A single co-administered dose of ivermectin/diethylcarbamazine/albendazole (IDA) is recommended by WHO for mass drug administration (MDA) for LF instead of diethylcarbamazine/albendazole (DA) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We compared the effectiveness of a single round of MDA with IDA or DA on hookworm and strongyloidiasis in PNG.

Patient-Reported Social Risk Factor Screening Among Rheumatology Outpatients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to pilot test a patient-reported social risk factor (SRF) screening tool among rheumatology outpatients and to examine the distribution of SRFs in this population.

Methods: A SRF screening tool was completed electronically by patients. Patients were screened for four core SRF domains (financial strain, housing instability, food insecurity, and transportation needs) and four supplemental SRF domains (physical inactivity, social isolation, stress, and depression).

Hospital Health Information Exchange Network Density and Predictors Across U.S. Hospital Referral Regions.

Objectives:  This study aimed to develop a measure of health information exchange (HIE) for characterizing the density of inter-hospital HIE connections and identify regional characteristics associated with HIE network density.

Methods:  HIE network density was measured as the proportion of hospital pairs within a region that are connected through HIE. The 2022 American Hospital Association's Information Technology Supplement survey was used to calculate HIE network density for US hospital referral regions (HRRs).

Higher amplitudes of visual networks are associated with trait- but not state-depression.

Despite depression being a leading cause of global disability, neuroimaging studies have struggled to identify replicable neural correlates of depression or explain limited variance. This challenge may, in part, stem from the intertwined state (current symptoms; variable) and trait (general propensity; stable) experiences of depression.Here, we sought to disentangle state from trait experiences of depression by leveraging a longitudinal cohort and stratifying individuals into four groups: those in remission ('trait depression group'), those with large longitudinal severity changes in depression symptomatology ('state depression group'), and their respective matched control groups (total analytic = 1030).

Secure Messaging Use and Wrong-Patient Ordering Errors Among Inpatient Clinicians.

Importance: Use of secure messaging for clinician-to-clinician communication has increased exponentially over the past decade, but its association with clinician work is poorly understood.

Objective: To investigate the association between secure messaging use and wrong-patient ordering errors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included inpatient attending physicians, trainee physicians, and advanced practice practitioners (APPs) from 14 academic and community hospitals.

Does tranexamic acid reduce blood loss for children undergoing reconstruction for neuromuscular hip dysplasia? A matched comparative study.

Treatment for neuromuscular hip dysplasia (NMHD) typically involves osteotomies of the proximal femur and/or pelvis, and the potential for significant volume blood loss is high. Tranexamic acid (TXA) functions as an antifibinolytic and has been shown to reduce bleeding in many operative settings. Retrospective evidence for the use of TXA in children undergoing NMHD reconstruction is inconclusive, and to our knowledge, prospective evaluation has never been performed.

Factors Associated With Recurrent Pediatric Firearm Injury : A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Background: Firearm injuries are the leading cause of death among children aged 0 to 17 years in the United States.

Objective: To examine the factors associated with recurrent firearm injury among children who presented with acute (index) nonfatal firearm injury in the St. Louis region.

Contributors to Electronic Health Record-Integrated Secure Messaging Use: A Study of Over 33,000 Health Care Professionals.

Objectives:  Electronic health record (EHR)-integrated secure messaging is extensively used for communication between clinicians. We investigated the factors contributing to secure messaging use in a large health care system.

Methods:  This was a cross-sectional study that included 14 hospitals and 263 outpatient clinic locations.

Increased Muc5AC and Decreased Ciliated Cells in Severe Asthma Partially Restored by Inhibition of IL-4Rα Receptor.

The role of IL-13 on the airway epithelium in severe asthma leading to airway remodeling remains poorly understood. To study IL-13-induced airway remodeling on goblet cells and cilia in the airway epithelium in severe asthma and the impact of an anti-IL4Rα antibody, dupilumab, . Quantitative computed tomography of the lungs and endobronchial biopsies and brushings were obtained in 51 participants (22 with severe asthma, 11 with nonsevere asthma, and 18 healthy participants) in SARPIII (Severe Asthma Research Program III) and measured for mucin and cilia-related proteins.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas are not observed to convert to a higher grade after partial embolization.

Objective: Borden-Shucart type I dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) lack cortical venous drainage and occasionally necessitate intervention depending on patient symptoms. Conversion is the rare transformation of a low-grade dAVF to a higher grade. Factors associated with increased risk of dAVF conversion to a higher grade are poorly understood.

Assets for integrating task-sharing strategies for hypertension within HIV clinics: Stakeholder's perspectives using the PEN-3 cultural model.

Background: Access to antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and survival among people living with HIV (PLWH) in African countries like Nigeria. Unfortunately, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases are on the rise as important drivers of morbidity and mortality rates among this group. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders in Nigeria on the integration of evidence-based task-sharing strategies for hypertension care (TASSH) within existing HIV clinics in Nigeria.

Use of Quantitative CT Imaging to Identify Bronchial Thermoplasty Responders.

Background: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a treatment for patients with poorly controlled, severe asthma. However, predictors of treatment response to BT are defined poorly.

Research Question: Do baseline radiographic and clinical characteristics exist that predict response to BT?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a longitudinal prospective cohort study of participants with severe asthma receiving BT across eight academic medical centers.

Safety and tolerability of moxidectin and ivermectin combination treatments for lymphatic filariasis in Côte d'Ivoire: A randomized controlled superiority study.

Background: Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone registered for the treatment of human onchocerciasis. The drug has a good safety profile, large volume of distribution and a long elimination half-life. This paper reports tolerability data from the first use of moxidectin in persons with Wuchereria bancrofti infection.

Incidence of and Factors Associated With Recurrent Firearm Injury Among Patients Presenting to St. Louis Trauma Centers, 2010 to 2019 : A Cohort Study.

Background: Firearm injuries are a public health crisis in the United States.

Objective: To examine the incidence and factors associated with recurrent firearm injuries and death among patients presenting with an acute (index), nonfatal firearm injury.

Design: Multicenter, observational, cohort study.