Impact of body composition on prognostic stratification and survival in periampullary carcinoma after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic impact of preoperative body composition parameters and their changes at three months post-pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in periampullary carcinoma patients.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 505 patients (294 males, mean age 62.58 ± 9.

Altered dynamic functional connectivity in antagonistic state in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is known to be characterized by disrupted brain functional network connectivity (FNC) patterns, while the dynamic change mode of different functional networks is unclear. This study aimed to characterize specific dynamic alterations pattern on intrinsic FNC in MDD by combining static FNC (sFNC) and dynamic FNC (dFNC).

Methods: A total of 48 first-episode drug-naïve MDD and 48 matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study.

Machine learning for differentiating between pancreatobiliary-type and intestinal-type periampullary carcinomas based on CT imaging and clinical findings.

Purpose: To develop a diagnostic model for distinguishing pancreatobiliary-type and intestinal-type periampullary adenocarcinomas using preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings combined with clinical characteristics.

Methods: This retrospective study included 140 patients with periampullary adenocarcinoma who underwent preoperative enhanced CT, including pancreaticobiliary (N = 100) and intestinal (N = 40) types. They were randomly assigned to the training or internal validation set in an 8:2 ratio.

Basal gonadotropin levels combine with pelvic ultrasound and pituitary volume: a machine learning diagnostic model of idiopathic central precocious puberty.

Objective: The current diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) relies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) stimulation test, which requires multiple invasive blood sampling procedures. The aim of this study was to construct machine learning models incorporating basal pubertal hormone levels, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pelvic ultrasound parameters to predict the response of precocious girls to GnRHa stimulation test.

Methods: This retrospective study included 455 girls diagnosed with precocious puberty who underwent transabdominal pelvic ultrasound, brain MRI examinations and GnRHa stimulation testing were retrospectively reviewed.

Alterations in Spontaneous Neuronal Activity and Microvascular Density of the Optic Nerve Head in Active Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: To investigate changes in local spontaneous brain activity in patients with active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and explore the relationship between such alterations and microvascular indices.

Methods: Thirty-six active TAO patients with active phase and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), neuropsychological tests, and ophthalmological examinations.

Primary pulmonary meningioma: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Primary pulmonary meningioma (PPM) is a rare disease that is usually benign. The most common presentation of PPM is isolated pulmonary nodules or masses, so the disease can mimic any other lung tumor on imaging, especially lung cancer or metastasis.

Case Summary: A 47-year-old asymptomatic woman presented with a well-defined, lobulated pulmonary mass with calcification in the left lower lobe.

Frontal White Matter Hyperintensities Effect on Default Mode Network Connectivity in Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

The functional connectivity of the brain depends not only on the structural integrity of the cortex but also on the white matter pathways between cortical areas. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), caused by chronic hypoperfusion in the white matter, play a role in the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we investigate how the location and volume of WMH affect the default-mode network (DMN) connectivity in acute mild TBI (mTBI) patients.

Sex Differences in Cerebral Blood Flow and Serum Inflammatory Cytokines and Their Relationships in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study aimed to investigate sex differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and serum inflammatory cytokines, as well as their correlations in patients with acute-stage mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Forty-one patients with mTBI and 23 matched healthy controls underwent 3D-pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling imaging on 3T magnetic resonance imaging. The patients underwent cognitive evaluations and measurement of a panel of ten serum cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1I, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, interferon-gamma, nerve growth factor-beta (β-NGF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).

Elevated Serum Levels of Inflammation-Related Cytokines in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Are Associated With Cognitive Performance.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common neurological insult and leads to long-lasting cognitive impairments. The immune system modulates brain functions and plays a key role in cognitive deficits, however, the relationship between TBI-induced changes in inflammation-related cytokine levels and cognitive consequences is unclear. This was investigated in the present study in two cohorts of individuals within 1 week of mTBI ( = 52, = 43) and 54 matched healthy control subjects.

Lower Posttraumatic α-Synuclein Level Associated With Altered Default Mode Network Connectivity Following Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study aimed to investigate the changes of α-synuclein in serum and its relationship with default mode network (DMN) connectivity after acute mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI). Fifty-two patients with mild TBI at the acute phase and 47 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All participants received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessments.

Sex Differences in Abnormal Intrinsic Functional Connectivity After Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered to induce abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity within resting-state networks (RSNs). The objective of this study was to estimate the role of sex in intrinsic functional connectivity after acute mild TBI. We recruited a cohort of 54 patients (27 males and 27 females with mild TBI within 7 days post-injury) from the emergency department (ED) and 34 age-, education-matched healthy controls (HCs; 17 males and 17 females).