Cold induced expression of a novel levansucrase gene sacB1 enhances exopolysaccharide production and stress resilience in Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) play critical roles in microbial survival, stress adaptation, and biofilm formation across diverse environments. In food-associated bacteria such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, understanding the regulation of EPS production under environmental stress is important for both spoilage control and industrial applications. However, the mechanisms linking cold stress to EPS biosynthesis remain poorly understood.

Adaptations in gut Bacteroidales facilitate stable co-existence with their lytic bacteriophages.

Bacteriophages (phages) and bacteria within the gut microbiome persist in long-term stable coexistence. These interactions are driven by eco-evolutionary dynamics, where bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to evade phage infection, while phages rely on counterstrategies to overcome these defenses. Among the most abundant phages in the gut are the crAss-like phages that infect members of the order Bacteroidales, in particular, genus .

Effects of astaxanthin on growth performance, intestinal integrity, and microbiota in Salmonella Enteritidis-infected chickens.

This study investigated the effects of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation in drinking water on the growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and cecal microbiota of broilers challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. During the 20-day experiment, two hundred and forty 1-day-old male Arbor Acres birds were randomly assigned into a 2 × 2 factorial design with four groups: a non-challenged control (CON), an S. Enteritidis-challenged group (SA), a group receiving AST treatment (AST), and an S.

Bacteriophage-based control of Salmonella on table eggs and breeding eggs in poultry.

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen, that poses a serious threat to poultry farm production. Phage-based biocontrol offered a promising alternative strategy to eradicate the persistent and challenging infections caused by Salmonella in this setting. This study isolated and purified the lytic Salmonella phage vB_SenM_BP13076 (simple as BP13076) using its host strain Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076.

Leuconostoc lactis strain APC 3969 produces a new variant of cyclic bacteriocin leucocyclicin Q and displays potent anti-Clostridium perfringens activity.

Clostridium perfringens is an important foodborne pathogen that produces diverse toxins and is often associated with foodborne gastroenteritis. In this sense, novel biopreservatives with anti-C. perfringens activity are of interest.

Adaptations in gut Bacteroidales facilitate stable co-existence with their lytic bacteriophages.

Background: Bacteriophages (phages) and bacteria within the gut microbiome persist in long-term stable coexistence. These interactions are driven by eco-evolutionary dynamics, where bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to evade phage infection, while phages rely on counterstrategies to overcome these defences. Among the most abundant phages in the gut are the crAss-like phages that infect members of the Bacteroidales, in particular In this study, we explored some of the mechanisms enabling the co-existence of four phage-Bacteroidales host pairs using a multi-omics approach (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics).

Isolation and characterization of ; a novel clade of phages within the subfamily .

Unlabelled: is a commensal inhabitant of the mammalian gut microbiota, frequently associated with various gastrointestinal diseases. There is increasing interest in comprehending the variety of bacteriophages (phages) that target this bacterium, as such insights could pave the way for their potential use in therapeutic applications. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of four newly identified infecting tailed phages (W70, A7-1, A5-4, and A73) that were found to constitute a novel genus, , within the subfamily .

Whole genome sequencing of uropathogenic E. coli from Ireland reveals diverse resistance mechanisms and strong correlation with phenotypic (EUCAST) susceptibility testing.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) pose a global health concern. Resistance mechanisms, including genetic mutations in antimicrobial target genes, efflux pumps, and drug deactivating enzymes, hinder clinical treatment. These resistance factors often spread through mobile genetic elements.

Identification of novel genera and subcluster classifications for mycobacteriophages.

To identify novel genera amongst mycobacteriophages (MP) and verify a hypothesised correlation between the taxonomy set by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with that of the Actinobacteriophage Database, which may help formalise subcluster assignment. A dataset of 721 MP genomes was analysed using VIRIDIC, a nucleotide alignment-based software that predicts genus assignments. Potentially novel genera were analysed using Gegenees and VICTOR, respectively.

Temperate bacteriophages infecting the mucin-degrading bacterium from the human gut.

is a prevalent gut microbe reported to occur in higher abundance among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study reports the isolation and characterization of six bacteriophages (phages) isolated from human fecal material and environmental samples that infect this species. Isolated phages have a siphovirus morphology, with genomes ranging between 36.

Impact of a phage cocktail targeting and as members of a gut bacterial consortium and .

Escherichia coli and have been implicated as important players in human gut health that have been associated with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been used for decades to target pathogens as an alternative to antibiotics, but the ability of phage to shape complex bacterial consortia in the lower gastrointestinal tract is not clearly understood. We administered a cocktail of six phages (either viable or heat-inactivated) targeting pro-inflammatory LF82 and OG1RF as members of a defined community in both a continuous fermenter and a murine colitis model.

Insights into Gene Transcriptional Regulation of Bacteriophages Obtained from Therapeutic Mixtures.

Bacteriophages (phages) of the genus of are promising agents for therapeutic applications. In this study, we isolated phages, SAM1 and SAM2, from the commercial phage cocktail (George Eliava Institute, Tbilisi, Georgia), which exhibits high sequence homology with phage K (≥94%, BLASTn). We found that phages SAM1 and SAM2 infected 95% and 86% of 21 MRSA of differing sequence types (MLST, SCCmec type) obtained from the Irish National MRSA collection, respectively.

Selective Isolation of from Human Faeces and Characterisation of the Species Prophage Diversity.

is an anaerobic, high GC, Gram-positive bacillus commonly found in the human digestive tract that belongs to the class Coriobacteriia of the phylum Actinobacteria. This species has been of increasing interest as an important player in the metabolism of xenobiotics and dietary compounds. However, little is known regarding its susceptibility to bacteriophage predation and how this may influence its fitness.

Phenotypic and genetic analyses of two Campylobacter fetus isolates from a patient with relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal and systemic disease in humans and are well-established veterinary and economic pathogens. We report the complete genomic sequences of two C. fetus subsp.

A New Phage Lysin Isolated from the Oral Microbiome Targeting .

is highly pathogenic and causes several mucosal and invasive infections. Due to the rising number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of , new antimicrobials with alternative mechanisms of action are urgently needed. In this study, we identified two new Streptococcal phages from the oral microbiome, 23TH and SA01.

Characterizing Phage-Host Interactions in a Simplified Human Intestinal Barrier Model.

An intestinal epithelium model able to produce mucus was developed to provide an environment suitable for testing the therapeutic activity of gut bacteriophages. We show that adheres more effectively in the presence of mucus, can invade the intestinal epithelia and is able to translocate after damaging tight junctions. Furthermore, phage vB_EfaM_A2 (a member of that possesses virion associated immunoglobin domains) was found to translocate through the epithelium in the presence and absence of its host bacteria.

Isolation and Characterization of Phage vB_PatM_CB7: New Insights into the Genus .

To date, is one of two genera of bacteriophage (phage), with phages infecting , an economically important phytopathogen that causes potato blackleg and soft rot disease. This study provides a detailed description of phage CB7 (vB_PatM_CB7), which specifically infects . Host range, morphology, latent period, burst size and stability at different conditions of temperature and pH were examined.

Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Circulating among Thermophilic Isolates Recovered from Broilers in Ireland Over a One-Year Period.

Campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis, very often associated with poultry consumption. Thermophilic ( and ) isolates ( = 158) recovered from broiler neck skin and caecal contents in Ireland over a one-year period, resistant to at least one of three clinically relevant antimicrobial classes, were screened for resistance determinants. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates ( = 99) harboured the C257T nucleotide mutation (conferring the Thr-86-Ile substitution) in conjunction with other synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations, which may have epidemiological value.

Isolation of a Novel Jumbo Bacteriophage Effective Against .

Increasing levels of bacterial resistance to many common and last resort antibiotics has increased interest in finding new treatments. The low rate of approval of new antibiotics has led to the search for new and alternative antimicrobial compounds. Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses found in almost every environment.

Phage vB_PatP_CB5: A Member of the Proposed Genus ''.

is a phytopathogen of economic importance as it is the causative agent of potato blackleg and soft rot. Here we describe the phage vB_PatP_CB5 (abbreviated as CB5), which specifically infects the bacterium. The bacteriophage is characterized in detail and TEM micrographs indicate that it belongs to the family CB5 shares significant pairwise nucleotide identity (≥80%) with phages φM1, Peat1, and PP90 and also shares common genome organization.

Erwinia amylovora phage vB_EamM_Y3 represents another lineage of hairy Myoviridae.

To date, a small number of jumbo myoviruses have been reported to possess atypical whisker-like structures along the surface of their contractile tails. Erwinia amylovora phage vB_EamM_Y3 is another example. It possesses a genome of 261,365 kbp with 333 predicted ORFs.

Novel N4-Like Bacteriophages of Pectobacterium atrosepticum.

is an economically important phytopathogen that is responsible for potato blackleg and soft rot, and for which current control strategies are limited. In this study, stem samples of potato crops exhibiting blackleg were taken from three farms in Co. Cork, Ireland, and they were found to be infected with .

Comparison of Phage K with Close Phage Relatives Commonly Employed in Phage Therapeutics.

The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a public health danger requiring alternative treatment options, and this has led to renewed interest in phage therapy. In this respect, we describe the distinct host ranges of phage K, and two other K-like phages against 23 isolates, including 21 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) representative sequence types representing the Irish National MRSA Reference Laboratory collection. The two K-like phages were isolated from the therapeutic phage mix from the Tbilisi Eliava Institute, and were designated B1 (vB_SauM_B1) and JA1 (vB_SauM_JA1).