Cell-cell communication as underlying principle governing color pattern formation in fishes.

The diverse pigmentation patterns of animals are crucial for predation avoidance and behavioral display, yet mechanisms underlying this diversity remain poorly understood. In zebrafish, Turing models have been proposed to explain stripe patterns, but it is unclear if they apply to other fishes. In anemonefish ( , we identified , a gene orthologous to zebrafish and encoding a connexin involved in pigment cell communication, as responsible for the phenotype.

Antiretroviral-specific associations between bone hormonal changes and treatment induced weight gain.

Background: Weight gain is common in treatment naïve people with HIV (PWH) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanisms driving this weight gain are unclear. The current study tested the hypothesis that bone-derived hormones are associated with weight gain with ART initiation and that the associations are antiretroviral (ARV) specific.

Neuropathological Characterisation of McLeod Syndrome With a Proposed New Grading System.

Aims: X-linked McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome (MLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the presence of red blood cell acanthocytosis and a chorea syndrome. Analogous to Huntington's disease (HD), MLS displays cognitive and behavioural symptoms besides the progressive movement disorder. This study aimed to describe the neuropathology of MLS in the largest case series to date.

: A Principled Approach to Characterizing the Underrepresented Population.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) serve as the cornerstone for understanding causal effects, yet extending inferences to target populations presents challenges due to effect heterogeneity and underrepresentation. Our paper addresses the critical issue of identifying and characterizing underrepresented subgroups in RCTs, proposing a novel framework for refining target populations to improve generalizability. We introduce an optimization-based approach, Rashomon Set of Optimal Trees (ROOT), to characterize underrepresented groups.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) induces type 1 interferon signalling in systemic sclerosis keratinocytes through the chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4).

Objectives: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized by fibrosis of the skin, progressing to affect the internal organs in the most serve cases. Type 1 interferon (IFN) signalling plays a major role in SSc disease progression. The cytokine TGF-β has been extensively shown to be a major driver of fibrosis but its role in the induction of the type 1 interferon response is poorly understood.