Ophthalmic Complications After Dental Procedures: Scoping Review.

Ocular complications associated with dental procedures are diverse but have been primarily reported through case reports and series, with no comprehensive reviews to date. The underlying mechanisms of these complications are often poorly understood by medical professionals, partly due to limited interdisciplinary education. This review aims to bridge this gap by summarizing the relevant anatomical connections between the oral and ocular regions, exploring the mechanisms through which dental procedures may lead to ophthalmic complications, and detailing their clinical presentations, progression, and potential management and preventive strategies.

Foveal Identification and Development in Prematurity-Implications on Zone Localization and Nutritional Supplementation.

Purpose: Accurate identification of retinal Zone I in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is critical for treatment decisions and prognosis. Current definitions rely on identifying the macular center, limited by absence of the foveal light reflex (FLR) early in screening. Understanding factors influencing FLR development could improve zone localization and guide nutritional interventions.

Long-Term Retinopathy of Prematurity Outcomes with Mandated Screening Interval and Grader Continuity at a High-Volume Quaternary Center.

Objective: To summarize screening patterns and treatment rates from a quaternary teaching hospital and regional retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) referral center, highlighting mandated screening interval protocols and grader continuity.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods, Intervention, Or Testing: A retrospective review and descriptive analysis of all patients who underwent inpatient ROP screening within a quaternary teaching hospital from 2013 to 2024.

Deep Learning Algorithm for the Diagnosis and Prediction of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: An International, Multi-institutional Study.

Purpose: We present a deep learning algorithm-HCQuery-that detects the presence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and predicts its future occurrence from spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) images.

Design: We trained and validated a deep learning algorithm using retrospective SD-OCT images from patients taking hydroxychloroquine.

Subjects: The study involved a retrospective, nonconsecutive collection of 409 patients (171 positive for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and 238 negative) and 8251 SD-OCT b-scans (1988 volumes) from 5 independent international clinical locations.

Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as an isolated orbital mass in an adult.

Purpose: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary-based hematolymphoid tumor that presents in 2-9 % of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we present an unusual adult case of myeloid sarcoma (MS) presenting as an isolated orbital mass and review the literature.

Observations: A 61-year-old man presented with several weeks of unilateral eye pain, proptosis, and diplopia.

Targeted Interventions Lead to Quality Improvement in Year 2 of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Program in Northern California.

Purpose: This study evaluates the second-year outcomes of an AI-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection program (Stanford Teleophthalmology Autonomous Testing and Universal Screening (STATUS)) implemented in primary care and endocrinology clinics in Northern California. We focused on assessing improvements following implementation of an intervention-based framework to increase AI system gradability and patient encounters.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted involving diabetic patients aged 18 years and older with no prior DR diagnosis or examination in the past year.

In-clinic vitreous biopsy peel pack technique.

Background: Vitreous biopsy is a common technique used to guide management of acute endophthalmitis and help differentiate between infectious and inflammatory conditions. Currently, in-clinic vitreous biopsy is performed with a 25-gauge needle, without the ability to cut vitreous, potentially leading to reduced diagnostic yield. Recent work demonstrated the ability to perform vitreous biopsy with an off-the-shelf vitreous cutter.

Risk of Cataract Surgery Complications in Patients With Prior Intravitreal Injection Therapy.

Objective: To compare cataract surgery complications in patients with and without prior intravitreal injection (IVI).

Design: A retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX aggregated research network.

Subjects: Patients with IVI therapy within twenty years of cataract surgery were compared to controls using propensity score matching (PSM) to balance for demographics, systemic, and ocular co-morbidities.

Longitudinal Analysis of Tear Cytokine Ratios in Association with Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.

Purpose: To extend cross-sectional data on cytokine ratios (CRs) in dry eye disease (DED) signs by investigating longitudinal change in pro- to anti-inflammatory CRs and associations with change in DED signs and symptoms.

Methods: Secondary analysis of fifty-four subjects [mean age 57.3 (SD 13.

Endogenous Endophthalmitis after Bone Marrow Transplant: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Purpose: We aim to present a case of disseminated fusariosis that occurred in the setting of immunosuppression and presented with bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis, along with a literature review of endophthalmitis, highlighting management strategies.

Observation: A 70-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia who had recently undergone a bone marrow transplant noted bilateral floaters and decreased vision. He was found to have bilateral endophthalmitis, with subsequent evidence of fungemia and fusariosis in his skin and joints.

Artificial Intelligence Improves Patient Follow-Up in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program.

Purpose: We examine the rate of and reasons for follow-up in an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based workflow for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening relative to two human-based workflows.

Patients And Methods: A DR screening program initiated September 2019 between one institution and its affiliated primary care and endocrinology clinics screened 2243 adult patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes without a diagnosis of DR in the previous year in the San Francisco Bay Area. For patients who screened positive for more-than-mild-DR (MTMDR), rates of follow-up were calculated under a store-and-forward human-based DR workflow ("Human Workflow"), an AI-based workflow involving IDx-DR ("AI Workflow"), and a two-step hybrid workflow ("AI-Human Hybrid Workflow").

Association of Tear Cytokine Ratios with Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye Disease: Biomarker Data from the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between tear inflammatory cytokine ratios (CRs) and signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) to investigate the possible use of tear CRs, which may better address the complexity of cytokine interactions than absolute cytokine levels, as a DED biomarker.

Methods: Tear concentrations of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-g, and TNF-a were measured using standardized procedures, as were DED signs (corneal and conjunctival staining scores, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, Meibomian gland plugging, tear osmolarity, composite sign severity score) and symptoms [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)]. Ratios between pro-inflammatory (IL-1b, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-g, and TNF-a) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were calculated.

Outcome of silicone sling frontalis suspension in children with simple congenital and complex ptosis.

Objective: To compare the outcome of silicone sling frontalis suspension (FS) surgery in children with simple congenital ptosis and children with complex ptosis.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Participants: All pediatric patients who underwent silicone sling FS surgery between 2009 and 2020 at a single centre.

Introducing Surgical Equity into Contemporary Medical Education: Results From Operation Equity, a Pilot Curriculum.

Objective: To date, education about health equity for early-stage healthcare trainees is largely situated outside of surgical disciplines. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a surgical equity curriculum offered to a voluntary group of medical and graduate students.

Design: Mixed-methods cohort study from January to June 2021.

Silicone sling frontalis suspension for congenital ptosis: Outcome of 174 consecutive cases.

Background: Frontalis suspension (FS) is the treatment of choice in congenital ptosis with poor levator function. We report the surgical outcome of FS using a double triangle configuration of silicone slings in children.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all paediatric patients with simple myogenic congenital ptosis repaired with FS over a 12-year period (2009-2020).

Pan-Cancer Survival Classification With Clinicopathological and Targeted Gene Expression Features.

Prognostication for patients with cancer is important for clinical planning and management, but remains challenging given the large number of factors that can influence outcomes. As such, there is a need to identify features that can robustly predict patient outcomes. We evaluated 8608 patient tumor samples across 16 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and generated distinct survival classifiers for each using clinical and histopathological data accessible to standard oncology workflows.

Increased Firearm Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Hidden Urban Burden.

Background: Public health measures were instituted to reduce COVID-19 spread. A decrease in total emergency department volume followed, but the impact on injury is unknown. With lockdown and social distancing potentially increasing domicile discord, we hypothesized that intentional injury increased during COVID-19, driven primarily by an increase in penetrating trauma.

Neurology consults in emergency departments: Opportunities to streamline care.

Objective: To use the variations in neurology consultations requested by emergency department (ED) physicians to identify opportunities to implement multidisciplinary interventions in an effort to reduce ED overcrowding.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed ED visits across 3 urban hospitals to determine the top 10 most common chief complaints leading to neurology consultation. For each complaint, we evaluated the likelihood of consultation, admission rate, admitting services, and provider-to-provider variability of consultation.

Race, gender, and language concordance in the care of surgical patients: A systematic review.

Background: No consensus exists on whether patient-provider race, gender, and language concordance provides benefits to surgical patients. We report a systematic review of the association between patient-provider concordance and patient preferences and outcomes in surgery.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed in Medline and PubMed using defined search terms to identify studies related to patient-provider concordance in surgical patients.

Carbon Nanomaterials in Direct Liquid Fuel Cells.

Fuel cells have attracted more attentions due to many advantages they can provide, including high energy efficiency and low environmental burden. To form a stable, low cost and efficient catalyst, we presented here the state of the art of electrocatalyst fabrication approaches, involving carbon nanotubes and their multifunctional nanocomposites incorporated with noble metals, such as Pt, Pd, Au, their binary and ternary systems. Both fuel oxidation reactions and oxygen reduction reactions were emphasized with comprehensive examples and future prospects.

Effect of Glutathione on the Taste and Texture of Type I Sourdough Bread.

Type I sourdough fermentations with Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis as predominant organism accumulate reduced glutathione through glutathione reductase (GshR) activity of L. sanfranciscensis. Reduced glutathione acts as chain terminator for gluten polymerization but is also kokumi-active and may thus enhance bread taste.

Formation of taste-active amino acids, amino acid derivatives and peptides in food fermentations - A review.

Fermented foods are valued for their rich and complex odour and taste. The metabolic activity of food-fermenting microorganisms determines food quality and generates odour and taste compounds. This communication reviews the formation of taste-active amino acids, amino acid derivatives and peptides in food fermentations.