American Society of Retina Specialists Clinical Practice Guidelines on Multimodal Imaging for Retinal Disease.

Advancements in retinal imaging have augmented our understanding of the pathology and structure-function relationships of retinal disease. No single diagnostic test is sufficient; rather, diagnostic and management strategies increasingly involve the synthesis of multiple imaging modalities. This literature review and editorial offer practical clinical guidelines for how the retina specialist can use multimodal imaging to manage retinal conditions.

Anomaly-guided weakly supervised lesion segmentation on retinal OCT images.

The availability of big data can transform the studies in biomedical research to generate greater scientific insights if expert labeling is available to facilitate supervised learning. However, data annotation can be labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive if pixel-level precision is required. Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) with image-level labeling has emerged as a promising solution in medical imaging.

Outcome of silicone sling frontalis suspension in children with simple congenital and complex ptosis.

Objective: To compare the outcome of silicone sling frontalis suspension (FS) surgery in children with simple congenital ptosis and children with complex ptosis.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Participants: All pediatric patients who underwent silicone sling FS surgery between 2009 and 2020 at a single centre.

Quantitative assessment of choriocapillaris flow deficits and type 1 macular neovascularization growth in age-related macular degeneration.

During the past 15 years, new treatment paradigms for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) have evolved due to the advent of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and rapid advances in retinal imaging. Recent publications describe eyes with type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) as showing more resistance to macular atrophy than eyes with other lesion types. We sought to explore whether the perfusion status of the native choriocapillaris (CC) surrounding type 1 MNV influences its pattern of growth.

Validation of an Automated Symptom-Based Triage Tool in Ophthalmology.

Objectives: Acute care ophthalmic clinics often suffer from inefficient triage, leading to suboptimal patient access and resource utilization. This study reports the preliminary results of a novel, symptom-based, patient-directed, online triage tool developed to address the most common acute ophthalmic diagnoses and associated presenting symptoms.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who presented to a tertiary academic medical center's urgent eye clinic after being referred for an urgent, semi-urgent, or nonurgent visit by the ophthalmic triage tool between January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022 was performed.

Current Concepts of the Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphema (UGH) Syndrome.

Purpose: To discuss the pathophysiology, etiology, and current management strategies of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome.

Methods: Literature review.

Results: The classic UGH syndrome associated with anterior chamber intraocular lenses (ACIOL) have decreased in incidence with the modernization of IOL design and surgical techniques.

EVOLUTION OF THE "OMEGA SIGN" ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To present the early postoperative evolution of retained subretinal perfluoro- n -octane (PFO) as captured on optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Case report of a patient.

Results: A 58-year-old woman was noted to have subretinal PFO after undergoing autologous retinal graft for macular hole closure under PFO tamponade.

Macular Vascular Imaging and Connectivity Analysis Using High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To characterize macular blood flow connectivity in vivo using high-resolution optical coherence tomography (HighRes OCT).

Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study. Dense (6-µm interscan distance) perifoveal HighRes OCT raster scans were performed on healthy participants.

Silicone sling frontalis suspension for congenital ptosis: Outcome of 174 consecutive cases.

Background: Frontalis suspension (FS) is the treatment of choice in congenital ptosis with poor levator function. We report the surgical outcome of FS using a double triangle configuration of silicone slings in children.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all paediatric patients with simple myogenic congenital ptosis repaired with FS over a 12-year period (2009-2020).

Telemedicine in neuro-ophthalmology.

Purpose Of Review: The COVID-19 public health emergency accelerated the adoption of telemedicine in neuro-ophthalmology. This review surveys the current telemedicine landscape and discusses associated limitations and opportunities.

Recent Findings: Logistic considerations and regulatory changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic have spurred a proliferation of tele-neuro-ophthalmic practice.

Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome: Findings from a Large Northern California Cohort.

Purpose: To report the clinical and imaging characteristics of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) from a large single-center cohort.

Design: Single-center, retrospective cohort study.

Participants: A total of 111 patients previously diagnosed with MEWDS in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California system from 2012 to 2019.

Visit adherence and visual acuity outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema: a secondary analysis of DRCRnet Protocol T.

Purpose: To quantify the association between visit adherence and visual acuity (VA) in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: This secondary analysis of the 2-year DRCRnet Protocol T study of 656 patients required one visit every 4 weeks in the first year, then at variable 4-16-week intervals in the second year. Visit adherence measured as number of missed visits, average (avg days) and longest (max days) visit interval, average (avg missed days) and longest (max missed days) unintended visit interval, and visit constancy (percentage of 3-month periods with at least 1 visit).

Netarsudil-associated epithelial keratopathy.

Purpose: To report 2 cases with a novel finding of bullous epithelial keratopathy associated with netarsudil use.

Observations: A 72-year-old man with history of primary open angle glaucoma was started on netarsudil daily in both eyes for uncontrolled intraocular pressures despite treatment with latanoprost, brimonidine, and dorzolamide-timolol. One month later he presented with bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, predominantly inferior corneal epithelial bullae, and keratic precipitates without hypopyon.

Glioblastoma multiforme mimicking optic neuritis.

Purpose: To present a case of glioblastoma multiforme which initially presented with only ophthalmic manifestations.

Observations: A 48-year-old man presented with decreased vision and pain with eye movements of the right eye. MRI of the brain showed increased T2/FLAIR signal involving the right optic nerve with no other identified abnormalities.

Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei of the Posterior Eyelids: A Case Report.

A 70-year-old woman with a history of Demodex blepharitis presented with a 1-year history of red-yellow nodules in the tarsus of her eyelids. Excisional biopsy revealed robust caseating granulomatous inflammation, consistent with the diagnosis of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei is a rare granulomatous dermatosis of unknown etiology.

Association of Visit Adherence and Visual Acuity in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Secondary Analysis of the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment Trial.

Importance: Visit adherence has been shown to play a significant role in patient health outcomes. The effect of missing visits on visual acuity (VA) in individuals with neovascular age-related macular degeneration has yet to be characterized.

Objective: To quantify the association between patients' adherence to randomized clinical trial visits and VA in individuals with neovascular age-related macular degeneration based on 4 visit adherence metrics.

Mitochondrial haplogroup L1c2 is associated with increased disease severity in African American patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role mitochondrial inheritance plays in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) characteristics in African Americans.

Methods: POAG cases from the L1c2 and L1b mitochondrial haplogroups were compared in a retrospective case-case study. Twenty-six pairs of self-identified African American POAG cases from L1c2 and L1b mitochondrial haplogroups matched on age (mean [SD] = 71.

The MT-CO1 V83I Polymorphism is a Risk Factor for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in African American Men.

Purpose: We investigate the function of the V83I polymorphism (m.6150G>A, rs879053914) in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (MT-CO1) gene and its role in African American (AA) primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: This study used Sanger sequencing (1339 cases, 850 controls), phenotypic characterization of Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics study (POAAGG) cases, a masked chart review of CO1 missense cases (V83I plus M117T, n = 29) versus wild type cases (n = 29), a yeast 2-hybrid (Y2H) cDNA library screen, and quantification of protein-protein interactions by Y2H and ELISA.

The SCHEIE Visual Field Grading System.

Objective: No method of grading visual field (VF) defects has been widely accepted throughout the glaucoma community. The SCHEIE (Systematic Classification of Humphrey visual fields-Easy Interpretation and Evaluation) grading system for glaucomatous visual fields was created to convey qualitative and quantitative information regarding visual field defects in an objective, reproducible, and easily applicable manner for research purposes.

Methods: The SCHEIE grading system is composed of a qualitative and quantitative score.