Sub-3 nm High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles with Triple Functionalities for Efficient Electrolytic Hydrogen Production.

High-entropy alloys (HEA) exhibit great promise for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to tunable structures, yet suffer from low atomic utilization, insufficient current density, and unclear catalytic mechanism. Herein, ultrasmall sub-3 nm PtRuFeCoNiCu HEA nanoparticles are synthesized on carbon fiber paper (CFP) via a 0.5 s ultraquick thermal shock strategy (us-HEA/CFP).

Mn-Co Dual-Metal Single-Atom Catalytic Sites for Boosted Redox Kinetics in Aqueous Polysulfide/Ferricyanide Flow Batteries.

The sluggish redox kinetics of NaS/NaS and the uncontrollable crossover of polysulfides often result in limited reutilization of active materials, hindering the practical scalable application of polysulfide/ferricyanide flow batteries. By leveraging the bidirectional manipulation of redox kinetics of active species, diatomic Mn and Co sites anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulated graphite carbon felt was prepared. And a progressive "optimized d-band model" was revealed, in which the tunable d-band centers of Mn and Co were, respectively, regulated to enable facile electron extraction and injection during the NaS-NaS redox; then the synergistic catalytic effect renders the matrix with bidirectional acceleration.

Pre-Zincification of Sandwiched VO to Accelerate Intercalation Kinetics and Mitigate Cathodic Passivation in Low N/P Ratio Zinc-Ion Pouch Cells.

The structural instability and sluggish ion-intercalative kinetics of vanadium oxide simultaneously limit its realization of advanced cathodes for practical zinc-ion batteries. Herein, a facile one-step approach was proposed for in situ transformation from bulk VO to sandwiched nanosheets with the atomic co-inserting interlayer. The pre-intercalated organic filler could widen the intercalative channels to accommodate continuous Zn-ion diffusion and increase the surface hydrophobicity for impeding vanadium dissolution.

A Strategy Integrating "Electronic Modulation-Defect Engineering-Interfacial Water Reconstruction" for Designing High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts.

Developing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts to enhance the sluggish kinetics of water dissociation is essential for hydrogen production through anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis. Guided by density functional theory simulations, a strategy integrating "electronic modulation-defect engineering-interfacial water reconstruction" was proposed. As a proof-of-concept, F-doped/P-vacancy-rich CoP with a dandelion-like structure grown on carbon paper (F-CoPv/CP) was synthesized.

Thyroid hormones inhibit tumor progression and enhance the antitumor activity of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma via reprogramming glucose metabolism.

Thyroid hormones (THs) dysfunctions have been demonstrated to be associated with the risk of developing different types of cancers. The role of THs in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is still controversial. We demonstrated that T3 can inhibit HCC progression by enhancing the expression of THRSP.

Oxygen Dopants in MoS Catalysts as Dual Anchors for a Lithium Polysulfide Chain to Accelerate Conversion to Solid LiS: A Strategy to Mitigate the Shuttle Effect in Li-S Batteries.

The development of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is hindered by the solubility of polysulfide intermediates. Herein, we synthesized oxygen-doped MoS on a highly conductive CNT as a cathode material for LSBs. The spaced oxygen dopants on the catalyst surface enable Li polysulfide chains to adsorb parallel to the catalyst surface.

Confining CoSe/MoSe Heterostructures in Interconnected Carbon Polyhedrons for Superior Potassium Storage.

Metal selenides hold promise as feasible anode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), but still face problems such as poor potassium storage kinetics and dramatic volume expansion. Coupling heterostructure engineering with structural design could be an effective strategy for rapid and stable K storage. Herein, CoSe/MoSe heterojunction encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedron and further interconnected by three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (CoMoSe@NCP/NCFs) is ingeniously constructed.

Ideal Bi-Based Hybrid Anode Material for Ultrafast Charging of Sodium-Ion Batteries at Extremely Low Temperatures.

Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as competitive substitutes for low-temperature applications due to severe capacity loss and safety concerns of lithium-ion batteries at - 20 °C or lower. However, the key capability of ultrafast charging at ultralow temperature for SIBs is rarely reported. Herein, a hybrid of Bi nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanorods is demonstrated as an ideal material to address this issue, which is synthesized via a high temperature shock method.

The Interfacial Ni/Fe─O─Y Bonds Contribute to High-Efficiency Water Splitting.

Developing economical and efficient electrocatalysts is critical for hydrogen energy industrialization through water electrolysis. Herein, a novel dual-site synergistic NiFe/YO hybrid with abundant interfacial Ni/Fe─O─Y bonds is designed by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. In situ Raman spectra combined with DFT calculations reveal that the interfacial Ni/Fe─O─Y units greatly promote HO dissociation and optimize the adsorption of both H* and oxygen species, achieving excellent activity and durability for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Spatial resolved transcriptomics reveals distinct cross-talk between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Multiple studies have shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer initiation and progression. However, the reprogramming of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the cross-talk between TAMs and malignant subclones in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has not been fully characterized, especially in a spatially resolved manner. Deciphering the spatial architecture of variable tissue cellular components in iCCA could contribute to the positional context of gene expression containing information pathological changes and cellular variability.

Scale Construction of "Breathing" Bi/N-CNSs Quasi-Array Structure with Hierarchical Bi Distribution for Sodium-Ion Battery.

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are promising postlithium battery technologies with high safety and low cost. However, their development is hampered by complicated electrode material preparation and unsatisfactory sodium storage performance. Here, a bismuth/N-doped carbon nanosheets (Bi/N-CNSs) composite featuring a quasi-array structure (alternated porous Bi layers and N-CNSs) with hierarchical Bi distribution (large particles of ∼35 nm in Bi layers and ultrafine Bi of ∼8 nm on N-CNSs) is prepared.

Vacancy-Enhanced Sb-N Sites for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Zn-Air Battery.

With the advantages of a Fenton-inactive characteristic and unique p electrons that can hybridize with O molecules, p-block metal-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have tremendous potential. Nevertheless, their undesirable intrinsic activity caused by the closed d electronic configuration remains a major challenge. Herein, an Sb-based SAC featuring carbon vacancy-enhanced Sb-N active centers, corroborated by the results of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure, has been developed for an incredibly effective ORR.

Unusual Sabatier principle on high entropy alloy catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions.

The Sabatier principle is widely explored in heterogeneous catalysis, graphically depicted in volcano plots. The most desirable activity is located at the peak of the volcano, and further advances in activity past this optimum are possible by designing a catalyst that circumvents the limitation entailed by the Sabatier principle. Herein, by density functional theory calculations, we discovered an unusual Sabatier principle on high entropy alloy (HEA) surface, distinguishing the "just right" (ΔG = 0 eV) in the Sabatier principle of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

DFT Study of N-modified CoMoC Electrocatalyst with Separated Active Sites for Enhanced Ammonia Oxidation.

Since the facile oxidation of ammonia is one key for its utilization as a zero-carbon fuel in a direct ammonia fuel cell, developing the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) catalysts with cost-effective and higher activity is urgently required. However, the catalytic activity of AOR is limited by the scaling relationship of the intermediate adsorption. Based on the density functional theory, the N-modified CoMoC with separated active sites of NH dehydrogenation and N-N coupling has been designed and investigated, which is a promising strategy to circumvent the scaling relationship, achieving improved AOR catalytic performance with a lower theoretical overpotential of 0.

Diacylglycerol lipase alpha promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and induces lenvatinib resistance by enhancing YAP activity.

As an important hydrolytic enzyme that yields 2-AG and free fatty acids, diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLA) is involved in exacerbating malignant phenotypes and cancer progression, but the role of the DAGLA/2-AG axis in HCC progression remains unclear. Here, we found that the upregulation of components of the DAGLA/2-AG axis in HCC samples is correlated with tumour stage and patient prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the DAGLA/2-AG axis promoted HCC progression by regulating cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis.

Tenofovir versus entecavir on the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) are first-line treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the effect of TDF versus ETV on the prognosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully clarified yet.

Research Design And Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of science were searched up to March, 2021.

Identification of the most effective subgroup of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from immune checkpoint blocker treatment: a meta-analysis.

This work was designed to identify the subgroup of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients for whom treatments containing immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) were most effective. A meta-analysis was performed to explore the subgroup population with the greatest benefit of treatments containing ICBs. A total of 2228 patients from four randomized control trials were included.

A novel prognostic scoring model based on copper homeostasis and cuproptosis which indicates changes in tumor microenvironment and affects treatment response.

Intracellular copper homeostasis requires a complex system. It has shown considerable prospects for intervening in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by regulating copper homeostasis and provoking cuproptosis. Their relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive.

The association of fatty liver and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV or HCV infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Fatty liver (FL) is reportedly a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals affected with Hepatitis C (HCV) or B (HBV) virus. However, the results are contradictory, necessitating a meta-analysis.

Research Design And Methods: Sixteen relevant studies involving 88,618 individuals were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases from their inception to 10 December 2022.

Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of cancer immunotherapy: systemic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis was designed to explore the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The authors retrieved relevant studies published before May 25, 2022. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI was used to evaluate the relationship between SII and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

The causal relationship between white blood cell counts and hepatocellular carcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Most of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises on the background of chronic inflammation. The presence of infiltrating inflammatory cells is associated with tumour initiation, progression and clinical response to treatment. The influence of white blood cell (WBC) subtype counts on HCC progression remains unclear.

Peripheral cytokine levels as novel predictors of survival in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early identification of patients who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has recently become a hot issue in cancer immunotherapy. Peripheral cytokines are key regulators in the immune system that can induce the expression of immune checkpoint molecules; however, the association between peripheral cytokines and the efficiency of ICIs remains unclear.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in several public databases from inception through 3 February 2022 to identify studies investigating the association between peripheral cytokines (i.

Sn-, Sb- and Bi-Based Anodes for Potassium Ion Battery.

Owing to the abundant resources of potassium resources, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) hold great potential in various energy storage devices. However, the poor lifespan of PIBs anodes limit their merchant applications. The exploitation of anode materials with high performance is one of the critical factors to the development of PIBs.

Efficacy and security of tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the last 2 decades.

Background: Tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an area of intense interest. Tremendous clinical trials have been conducted globally, but the efficacy and security of tumor vaccines are elusive. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and security of tumor vaccines.