Sleep disturbance and adverse outcomes in dementia: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records data.

Objectives: Dementia and sleep disturbance co-occur frequently. Previous research has focused on sleep disturbance and dementia risk, but its impact in established dementia is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of recorded sleep disturbance at the time of dementia diagnosis and its association with adverse outcomes.

The multidisciplinary Heart Team in mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.

Treatment options for mitral regurgitation (MR) have markedly evolved over the past few decades, with mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) expanding the clinical armamentarium of guideline-directed medical therapy and surgical techniques. However, the variety of mitral valve anatomies, the presence of heart failure (HF), and consideration of the individual patient risk require a multidisciplinary Heart Team approach to identify the optimal treatment for MR for each patient. Despite the growing field of transcatheter mitral interventions and the longstanding availability of surgical mitral valve repair and replacement, evidence from randomized clinical trials comparing intervention with surgery remains scarce.

Identifying people with potentially undiagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies using natural language processing.

Natural language processing (NLP) can expand the utility of clinical records data in dementia research. We deployed NLP algorithms to detect core features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and applied those to a large database of patients diagnosed with dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) or DLB. Of 14,329 patients identified, 4.

Prevalence and progress of underdiagnosis of probable dementia: a repeated cross-sectional study in 19 European countries.

Background: Underdiagnosis of dementia remains a significant public health challenge in Europe, with nearly half of those meeting clinical criteria not receiving a formal diagnosis. Recent healthcare initiatives have aimed to improve diagnostic processes, but the extent of progress varies across countries.

Methods: We analyzed data of 10,402 participants from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) across 19 countries from 2011-2015 to 2015-2019.

Molecular Basis of Anxiety: A Comprehensive Review of 2014-2024 Clinical and Preclinical Studies.

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric conditions that significantly impair one's quality of life and place a significant burden on healthcare systems. Conventional treatments have certain restraints, such as potential side effects and limited efficacy. Τhe underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of anxiety are not fully understood.

Explainable Machine Learning in the Prediction of Depression.

Depression constitutes a major public health issue, being one of the leading causes of the burden of disease worldwide. The risk of depression is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. While genetic factors cannot be altered, the identification of potentially reversible environmental factors is crucial in order to try and limit the prevalence of depression.

Medications associated with dizziness or hypotension and adverse outcomes: an electronic health record study in older adults with dementia.

Background: Comorbidities and polypharmacy are common in people with dementia, leading to a higher risk of adverse outcomes. While the impact of anticholinergic properties has been extensively investigated, less is known about other cross-category properties of medications.

Objective: To investigate whether medications with dizziness or hypotension as a side effect are associated with adverse outcomes in older adults with dementia.

Valve-sparing aortic root replacement: Strategies to avoid residual aortic regurgitation.

Objective: The study objective was to identify quantitative criteria to avoid residual aortic valve regurgitation after valve-sparing aortic root replacement.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2023, 738 adult patients were recruited into the German Aortic Root Repair Registry. A total of 562 patients with datasets on aortic root measurements and tricuspid valve treated with reimplantation valve-sparing aortic root replacement were selected.

Treatment-resistant late-life depression prevalence and clinical/sociodemographic correlates: An electronic health records study.

Background: Treatment-resistant late-life depression (TRLLD) remains a clinical challenge. Our aim was to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with TRLLD.

Methods: A large naturalistic retrospective cohort study was conducted using mental health records from south London.

Late-life affective disorders and risk of progression to dementia: retrospective cohort study of patients in secondary care.

Background: Late-life affective disorders (LLADs) are common and are projected to increase by 2050. There have been several studies linking late-life depression to an increased risk of dementia, but it is unclear if bipolar affective disorder or anxiety disorders pose a similar risk.

Aims: We aimed to compare the risk of LLADs progressing to all-cause dementia, and the demographic and clinical variables mediating the risk.

Diagnostic Evaluation and Clinical Findings in Children With Persistent Tachypnea of Infancy/Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy: A European Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI) or neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a form of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) that predominantly affects young children. Although it is one of the most common chILDs, no unified diagnostic approach specific to this condition exists.

Research Question: Are the clinical presentation and the diagnostic approach different in patients with PTI/NEHI among European countries?

Study Design And Methods: This was a European multicenter, retrospective, observational study.

Systematic review of clinical effectiveness of interventions for treatment resistant late-life depression.

Background: Treatment-resistant late-life depression (TRLLD) affects nearly half of older adults with major depression. This systematic review evaluates published evidence of effectiveness of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for TRLLD.

Methods: A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and online trial registries up to March 2024 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for TRLLD.

Is there a disparity in osteoporosis referral and treatment among people with affective disorders? A ten-year data linkage study.

Aims: People with affective disorders (AD) are at increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Osteoporosis treatment/referral is thus essential in this population. However, it is unclear whether osteoporosis treatment/referral differs between those with and without AD.

Valve-sparing aortic root replacement for valves with paracommissural fenestrations: which valve will fail?

Objectives: To define morphologic risk constellations during valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) for aortic valves with paracommissural fenestrations.

Methods: Patients from the multicentre prospective intention-to-treat VSARR-registry German Aortic Root Repair Registry (GEARR) were screened for paracommissural cusp fenestrations. We studied a combined end-point of residual aortic regurgitation (rAR) on post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), mid-term progress of rAR (transthoracic echocardiography) and aortic valve replacement for AR.

Gut Microbes Associated with Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Evidence shows that neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are influenced by alterations in the gut microbiome. Various diseases have been linked to microbiome dysbiosis, yet there are inconclusive data regarding which microorganisms are associated with each disorder. The aim of our study is to systematically review the recent literature of the past decade to clarify whether the gut microbiome contributes to the understanding of pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders.

The SLICE-3D dataset: 400,000 skin lesion image crops extracted from 3D TBP for skin cancer detection.

AI image classification algorithms have shown promising results when applied to skin cancer detection. Most public skin cancer image datasets are comprised of dermoscopic photos and are limited by selection bias, lack of standardization, and lend themselves to development of algorithms that can only be used by skilled clinicians. The SLICE-3D ("Skin Lesion Image Crops Extracted from 3D TBP") dataset described here addresses those concerns and contains images of over 400,000 distinct skin lesions from seven dermatologic centers from around the world.

Failure of Surgical Aortic Valve Prostheses: An Analysis of Heart Team Decisions and Postoperative Outcomes.

To analyze Heart Team decisions and outcomes following failure of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) prostheses. Patients undergoing re-operations following index SAVR (Redo-SAVR) and those undergoing valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (ViV-TAVR) following SAVR were included in this study. Patients who underwent index SAVR and/or Redo-SAVR for endocarditis were excluded.

Case report: Paracorporeal lung assist device for 215 days as a bridge-to-lung transplantation in a patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a known and life limiting complication of preterm born young adults with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), ultimately leading to progressive right ventricular (RV) failure. Prognosis remains poor, especially in patients unresponsive to modern vasoactive pharmacotherapy. Therefore, lung transplantation presents the treatment of choice to avert cardiac failure.

Temporal trends in population attributable fractions of modifiable risk factors for dementia: a time-series study of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2004-2019).

Background: Interest in modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for dementia is high, given the personal, social, and economic impact of the disorder, especially in ageing societies such as the United Kingdom. Exploring the population attributable fraction (PAF) of dementia attributable to MRFs and how this may have changed over time remains unclear. Unravelling the temporal dynamics of MRFs is crucial for informing the development of evidence-based and effective public health policies.

Influence of donor age and donor-recipient age difference on intimal hyperplasia in pediatric patients with young and adult donors vs. adult patients after heart transplantation.

Aim: Optimal selection and allocation of donor hearts is a relevant aspect in transplantation medicine. Donor age and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) affect post-transplant mortality. To what extent donor age impacts intimal hyperplasia (CAV) in pediatric and adult patients after heart transplantation (HTx) is understudied.

An investigation of neuropsychiatric symptoms, contextual factors, and antidepressant treatment as risk factors for dementia development in people with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: While some people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress to dementia, many others show no progression. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with risk of dementia development in this population.

Method: A large naturalistic retrospective cohort study was assembled from mental healthcare records in a south London catchment.

Predicting patients with dementia most at risk of needing psychiatric in-patient or enhanced community care using routinely collected clinical data: retrospective multi-site cohort study.

Background: Dementia is a common and progressive condition whose prevalence is growing worldwide. It is challenging for healthcare systems to provide continuity in clinical services for all patients from diagnosis to death.

Aims: To test whether individuals who are most likely to need enhanced care later in the disease course can be identified at the point of diagnosis, thus allowing the targeted intervention.

Gigantic biatrial myxoma in a young female with an atrial septal defect: a case report.

Background: Myxomas are uncommon and benign cardiac neoplasms that can present with various cardiac, systemic, embolic, or without symptoms depending on their location and size. Very few cases of large, truly biatrial, or tumours connected via the cardiac atria have been reported throughout the years.

Case Summary: We present an unusual case of an apparently healthy 25-year-old French woman, who presented with dyspnoea at Munich's Octoberfest.