Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a sustainable solution for monocrotophos degradation and plant growth enhancement.

In the present study, characterization of bacterial isolate from fermented foods based on the morphology, biochemical, and molecular analysis identified Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. The bacterium was tested for its ability to degrade monocrotophos (MCP) at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The dephosphorylation potential of this bacterial enzyme against organophosphate substrates including MCP was analyzed.

Fabrication of disposable microextraction analytical tool for detection of bacterial pathogen using volatile metabolites emission.

A disposable paper-based thin film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) patch was developed for the detection of bacterial pathogen. The study was based on the extraction of volatile organic compounds from the bacterial culture medium by a nanoparticle blended polymer-coated microextraction patch and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the volatile metabolic signature associated with the bacterial pathogen during the growth phase of the bacterial species in the culture medium. The TF-SPME patches were fabricated using a divinylbenzene/multiwall carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane coating mixture employing a film applicator for uniform coating on a regular cellular paper substrate.

Development of a Paper-Based Disposal Thin-Film Solid-Phase Microextraction Tool for the Quantification of Environmentally Hazardous 4-Chlorophenol in Water.

The presence of chlorinated compounds in water resources presents various environmental and health risks. Therefore, there is a precise need to develop a potential technique for fast and efficient monitoring of chlorinated contaminants in water due to environmental protection and regulation compliance. Here, we designed a paper-based thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) patch to estimate 4-chlorophenol (4-CRP), a widely known environmentally hazardous pollutant in water samples.

Recent advances in solid phase microextraction with various geometries in environmental analysis.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has emerged as a versatile sample preparation technique for the preconcentration of a broad range of compounds with various polarities, especially in environmental studies. SPME has demonstrated its eco-friendly credentials, significantly reducing the reliance on solvents. The use of biocompatible materials as a coating recipe facilitates the acceptance of SPME devices in analytical chemistry, primarily in the monitoring of environmental pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pesticides from the various environmental matrices.

Skin emitted volatiles analysis for noninvasive diagnosis: the current advances in sample preparation techniques for biomedical application.

Human skin emits a series of volatile compounds from the skin due to various metabolic processes, microbial activity, and several external factors. Changes in the concentration of skin volatile metabolites indicate many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. Researchers focused on skin-emitted compounds to gain insight into the pathophysiology of various diseases.

Regioselective Dichotomy in Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Annulation of Aryl Pyrazolidinones with 1,3-Diynes.

Herein, we present a substrate-controlled regiodivergent strategy for the selective synthesis of C3 or C2-alkynylated indoles ruthenium-catalyzed [3 + 2]-annulation of readily available pyrazolidinones and 1,3-diynes. Remarkably, C3-alkynylated indoles were obtained in good yields when 1,4-diarylbuta-1,3-diynes were employed as the coupling partners. On the other hand, dialkyl-1,3-diynes led to the selective formation of C2-alkynylated indoles.

Simultaneous determination of exhaled breath vapor and exhaled breath aerosol using filter-incorporated needle-trap devices: A comparison of gas-phase and droplet-bound components.

Breath-composition analysis is a well-established, non-invasive method for early disease diagnosis and investigating exposure history. However, this analytical approach is hampered by the aerosol nature of breath samples and/or low concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Conventionally, two separate methods have been applied to study gas phase and breath droplets, although these approaches are expensive and time-consuming.

A family of amphiphilic dioxidovanadium(V) hydrazone complexes as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors along with anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities.

A family of dioxidovanadium(V) complexes (1-4) of the type [Na(HO)][VO(HL)] (x = 4, 4.5 and 7) where HL represents the dianionic form of 2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone of 2-hydroxyacetophenone (HL, complex 1), 2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone (HL, complex 2), 2-hydroxy-5-methoxyacetophenone (HL, complex 3) and 2-hydroxy-5-chloroacetophenone (HL, complex 4), have been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectral methods. These complexes exhibited the potential abilities to suppress the erythrocytes carbonic anhydrase enzymatic activity in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients (in vitro), promising antidiabetic activity against T2 diabetic mice (in vivo).

Breath-Based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: A Review of the Current Landscape.

Various analytical methods can be applied to concentrate, separate, and examine trace volatile organic metabolites in the breath, with the potential for noninvasive, rapid, real-time identification of various disease processes, including an array of microbial infections. Although biomarker discovery and validation in microbial infections can be technically challenging, it is an approach that has shown great promise, especially for infections that are particularly difficult to identify with standard culture and molecular amplification-based approaches. This article discusses the current state of breath analysis for the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

Recent advances in breath analysis to track human health by new enrichment technologies.

Detection of biomarkers in exhaled breath has been gaining increasing attention as a tool for diagnosis of specific diseases. However, rapid and accurate quantification of biomarkers associated with specific diseases requires the use of analytical methods capable of fast sampling and preconcentration from breath matrix. In this regard, solid phase microextraction and needle trap technology are becoming increasingly popular in the field of breath analysis due to the unique benefits imparted by such methods, such as the integration of sampling, extraction, and preconcentration in a single step.

Augmentation of sensitivity of FBG strain sensor for biomedical operation: publisher's note.

This publisher's note reports a correction to Appl. Opt.57, 6906 (2018)APOPAI0003-693510.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Directed C-H Dienylation of Anilides with Allenes Leads to Highly Conjugated Systems.

Allenes are unique coupling partners in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization leading to a variety of products via alkenylation, allenylation, allylation, and annulation reactions. The outcome is governed by both the reactivity of the allene and the formation and stability of the organometallic intermediate. An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed, weakly coordinating group-directed dienylation of electronically unbiased allenes is developed using an N-acyl amino acid as a ligand.

Ultrahigh-resolution interrogation of a fiber Bragg grating sensor based on higher order four-wave mixing.

The performance of a highly sensitive strain sensor based on nonlinear four-wave mixing (FWM) using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is investigated. The power change due to the wavelength shift induced by very small strain over the FBG is significantly magnified by a higher order FWM process. Strain sensitivity of 5.

Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Mycobactin J.

The total synthesis of the proposed structure of mycobactin J (MJ), a metabolite of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is presented. The highlights of the synthesis include a careful control of the Z-stereochemistry of the unsaturated long chain fatty acid, a biomimetic construction of the oxazoline building block and the carriage of an unprotected phenol throughout the synthesis.

Augmentation of sensitivity of FBG strain sensor for biomedical operation.

The performance of a highly sensitive strain sensor based on nonlinear four wave mixing (FWM) using two uniform fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is investigated. Strain is measured by the proposed setup with high resolution and precision. It is observed that the wavelength shift induced by very small strain over the FBG is significantly magnified by the higher-order FWM process.

Non-invasive diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in Helicobacter pylori infected patients using isotope-specific infrared absorption measurements.

Helicobacter pylori causes several gastrointestinal diseases and may also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies suggest that there might be a potential link between H. pylori infection and T2D, but it still remains the subject of debate.

Isotope-specific breath analysis to track the end-stage renal disease during hemodialysis.

The underlying mechanisms towards the progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly understood and it still remains a major clinical stumbling block for early detection of CKD. Most patients with CKD pass through ESRD with the necessity of frequent hemodialysis (HD) treatment. At present, plasma urea and creatinine levels are examined in most CKD patients to monitor their health status after dialysis.

New Strategy for in Vitro Determination of Carbonic Anhydrase Activity from Analysis of Oxygen-18 Isotopes of CO.

The oxygen-18 isotopic (O) composition in CO provides an important insight into the variation of rate in isotopic fractionation reaction regulated by carbonic anydrase (CA) metalloenzyme. This work aims to employ an O-isotope ratio-based analytical method for quantitative estimation of CA activity in erythrocytes for clinical testing purposes. Here, a new method has been developed that contains the measurements of O/O isotope ratios during oxygen-18 isotopic exchange between COO and HO of an in vitro biochemical reaction controlled by erythrocytes CA and estimation of enzymatic activity of CA from the isotopic composition of CO.

C isotopic abundances in natural nutrients: a newly formulated test meal for non-invasive diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

A new method to replace commercially prepared C-labelled glucose with naturally available C-enriched substrates could result in promotion of the clinical applicability of the isotopic breath test for detection of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Variation of the carbon-13 isotope in human breath depends on the C enrichment in the diet taken by subjects. Here, we formulated a new test meal comprising naturally available C-enriched foods and subsequently administered it to non-diabetic control (NDC) subjects and those with T2D.

Salivary IgA versus HIV and Dental Caries.

Introduction: The inter-relationship of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and dental caries as well as Salivary Immunoglobulin-A (S-IgA) level appear to remain under explored while a manual and electronic search of the literature was made. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the relationship of S-IgA and dental caries status in HIV positive children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of S-IgA antibody with dental caries by measuring the concentration of IgA in saliva of HIV positive and negative children and determine the dental caries status in HIV positive and HIV negative children, which may help in treatment planning and prevention of the same.

Targeting erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and O-isotope of breath CO for sorting out type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

The inability to envisage the acute onset and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been a major clinical stumbling block and an important area of biomedical research over the last few decades. Therefore there is a pressing need to develop a new and an effective strategy for early detection of T1D and to precisely distinguish T1D from type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we describe the precise role of the enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in erythrocytes in the pathogenesis of T1D and T2D.

A comparative evaluation of dental caries status among hearing-impaired and normal children of Malda, West Bengal, evaluated with the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment.

Context: Dental caries is one of the major modern-day diseases of dental hard tissue. It may affect both normal and hearing-impaired children.

Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of dental caries in hearing-impaired and normal children of Malda, West Bengal, utilizing the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST).

Insulin sensitivity index (ISI0, 120) potentially linked to carbon isotopes of breath CO2 for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

New strategies for an accurate and early detection of insulin resistance are important to delay or prevent the acute onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, insulin sensitivity index (ISI0,120) is considered to be a viable invasive method of whole-body insulin resistance for use in clinical settings in comparison with other invasive sensitivity indexes like homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). To investigate how these sensitivity indexes link the (13)C/(12)C-carbon isotopes of exhaled breath CO2 to pre-diabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes in response to glucose ingestion, we studied excretion dynamics of (13)C/(12)C-isotopic fractionations of breath CO2.

Mechanisms linking metabolism of Helicobacter pylori to (18)O and (13)C-isotopes of human breath CO2.

The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori utilize glucose during metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms linking to oxygen-18 ((18)O) and carbon-13 ((13)C)-isotopic fractionations of breath CO2 during glucose metabolism are poorly understood. Using the excretion dynamics of (18)O/(16)O and (13)C/(12)C-isotope ratios of breath CO2, we found that individuals with Helicobacter pylori infections exhibited significantly higher isotopic enrichments of (18)O in breath CO2 during the 2h-glucose metabolism regardless of the isotopic nature of the substrate, while no significant enrichments of (18)O in breath CO2 were manifested in individuals without the infections. In contrast, the (13)C-isotopic enrichments of breath CO2 were significantly higher in individuals with Helicobacter pylori compared to individuals without infections in response to (13)C-enriched glucose uptake, whereas a distinguishable change of breath (13)C/(12)C-isotope ratios was also evident when Helicobacter pylori utilize natural glucose.