Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes mitigates traumatic brain injury by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation via miR-26a-5p.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in severe long-term sequelae. While mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have demonstrated the ability to regulate microglial responses and neuroinflammation, their impact on neutrophil inactivation, particularly in relation to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has not yet been fully elucidated. This research was designed to explore the potential involvement of MSC-Exos in modulating NET formation and microglial polarization following TBI.

Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Phylogenetic Relationships in Medicinally Important Pantropical Genus s.s. (Leguminosae) from Southern Africa and Eastern Asia.

s.s. belongs to the Cercidoideae subfamily, located at the base of the Leguminosae family.

Insights into the Genomic Background of Nine Common Chinese Medicinal Plants by Flow Cytometry and Genome Survey.

Medicinal plants have long played a crucial role in healthcare systems, but limited genomic information on these species has impeded the integration of modern biological technologies into medicinal plant research. In this study, we selected nine common medicinal plants, each belonging to a different plant family, including (Chloranthaceae), (Vitaceae), (Fabaceae), (Cucurbitaceae), (Polygonaceae), (Caryophyllaceae), (Rubiaceae), (Lamiaceae), and (Asteraceae), to estimate their genome sizes and conduct preliminary genomic surveys. The estimated genome sizes by flow cytometry were 3.

 (Rosaceae), a new species from Fujian, China.

C.An & G.C.

CD36 deletion prevents white matter injury by modulating microglia polarization through the Traf5-MAPK signal pathway.

Background: White matter injury (WMI) represents a significant etiological factor contributing to neurological impairment subsequent to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). CD36 receptors are recognized as pivotal participants in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including stroke and spinal cord injury. Furthermore, dynamic fluctuations in the phenotypic polarization of microglial cells have been intimately associated with the regenerative processes within the injured tissue following TBI.

[Research progress in chemical constituents, pharmacological activity, and quality markers of Bruceae Fructus].

Bruceae Fructus is a Chinese herbal medicine with the chemical constituents mainly including Brucea javanica oil, quassinoids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids. Modern research demonstrates that Bruceae Fructus has anti-tumor, anti-malaria, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering activities. This paper introduces the resource distribution, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of Bruceae Fructus.

Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Dentate Gyrus and Anterior Cingulate Cortex in a Mouse Model of Depression.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, chronic, and relapse-prone psychiatric disease. However, the intermediate molecules resulting from stress and neurological impairment in different brain regions are still unclear. To clarify the pathological changes in the dentate gyrus (DG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regions of the MDD brain, which are the most closely related to the disease, we investigated the published microarray profile dataset GSE84183 to identify unpredictable chronic mild stress- (UCMS-) induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the DG and ACC regions.

Rosmarinic Acid Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via the PDPK1/Akt/HIF Pathway Under Conditions of Neuroinflammation.

Microglia are resident macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of microglial activation dampens neuroinflammation-related diseases by promoting microglial (re)polarization to the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype and can serve as a potential therapeutic approach. Mitochondrial respiration and metabolic reprogramming are required for the anti-inflammatory response of M2 macrophages.

[Investigation on resource and quality assessment of Cibotii Rhizoma].

The study is aimed to understand the resource and the current situation of the use of Cibotii Rhizoma and provide the basis for protecting and utilization. The method of literature survey, field survey and quality assessment were applied in the study. The results showed that all the Cibotii Rhizoma came from wild resource and was mainly founded in Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Zhejiang, etc.

Jian Nao Ning for treatment of memory impairment in patients with mild or moderate multi-infarct dementia.

Forty patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) were randomly assigned to the treatment group (25 cases) treated with Jian Nao Ning (JNN) and the duxil control group (15 cases). Memory function were assessed at baseline and endpoint using memory subscales of a battery of New Psychometric Tests (Chinese version) including mini-mental state examination (MMSE), verbal memory, and non-verbal memory, etc. After treatment, the mean scores of verbal memory in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (P<0.