Unveiling mechanistic regulation strategies in transition metal oxide catalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an anode reaction for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. Its slow kinetics and high potential severely limit the overall efficiency. OER usually proceeds via three main mechanisms: adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), and oxide path mechanism (OPM).

Metagenomics-Metabolomics Reveals the Alleviation of Indole-3-Ethanol on Radiation-Induced Enteritis in Mice.

Indole-3-ethanol (IEt), a small molecule metabolite from intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolism, has been established to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effect on radiation-induced enteritis has not been reported. Here, we aim to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of IEt on radiation enteritis.

Axial coordination engineering of FeNi catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction.

Oxygen evolution, recognized as a significant half-reaction in the processes of water decomposition and carbon dioxide reduction, has garnered considerable attention in the scientific community. However, the conversion efficiency of renewable energy sources is limited by the oxygen evolution reaction's slow kinetics. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient and stable catalysts for oxygen evolution.

Cation vacancy-induced lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism for ultra-stable OER electrocatalysis.

Catalysts adhere to the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) are constrained by the linear scaling relationship between the adsorbates *OOH and *OH, leading to a theoretical overpotential of approximately 370 mV. The lattice oxygen activation mechanism (LOM) is a promising strategy for developing highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, but it struggles to maintain the structural stability of the catalyst. Herein, transition metal oxide catalysts (MO-M) enriched with metal cation vacancies (V) have been successfully built, demonstrating the OER mechanism of metal oxides changing from AEM to LOM with outstanding structural and electrocatalytic stability.

Tungsten regulated medium-entropy heterostructure as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction.

Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) as electrocatalysts have attracted considerable attention in the field of water splitting. However, effective modulation of MEAs to achieve highly efficient catalysis remains a challenge. Herein, we applied a metal-organic framework (MOF) templating strategy to obtain FeCoNi MEA nanoparticles with excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and tungsten improved FeCoNi-W medium-entropy heterostructure catalysts.

Controlled reconstruction of metal-organic frameworks coordination environment tuning as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts.

During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts undergo structural reorganization, a phenomenon that is still not fully comprehended. Additionally, designing MOFs that undergo structural reconstruction to produce highly active OER catalysts continues to pose significant challenges. Herein, a bimetallic MOF (CoNi-MOF) with carboxylate oxygen and pyridine nitrogen coordination has been synthesized and its reconstruction behavior has been analyzed.

Co-toxicity and co-contamination remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals: Research progress and future perspectives.

The combined pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) has attracted wide attention due to their high toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. A thorough understanding of the progress of the relevant studies about their co-toxicity and co-contamination remediation is of great importance to prevent environmental risk and develop new efficient remediation methods. This paper summarized the factors resulting in different co-toxic effects, the interaction mechanism influencing co-toxicity and the development of remediation technologies for the co-contamination.

Research Progress in Structure Evolution and Durability Modulation of Ir- and Ru-Based OER Catalysts under Acidic Conditions.

Green hydrogen energy, as one of the most promising energy carriers, plays a crucial role in addressing energy and environmental issues. Oxygen evolution reaction catalysts, as the key to water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, have been subject to durability constraints, preventing large-scale commercial development. Under the high current density and harsh acid-base electrolyte conditions of the water electrolysis reaction, the active metals in the catalysts are easily converted into high-valent soluble species to dissolve, leading to poor structural durability of the catalysts.

Stable production of hydrogen peroxide over zinc oxide @ zeolitic imidazolate Framework-8 composite catalysts.

A promising method of producing hydrogen peroxide (HO) is the electrochemical two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e WOR). In this process, it is important to design electrocatalysts that are both earth abundant and environmentally friendly, as well as offering high stability and production rates. The research of WOR catalysts, such as the extensively used transition metal oxides, is mainly focused on the modification of transition metal elements.

In Situ Reconstruction of High-Entropy Heterostructure Catalysts for Stable Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis under Industrial Conditions.

Despite of urgent needs for highly stable and efficient electrochemical water-splitting devices, it remains extremely challenging to acquire highly stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts under harsh industrial conditions. Here, a successful in situ synthesis of FeCoNiMnCr high-entropy alloy (HEA) and high-entropy oxide (HEO) heterocatalysts via a Cr-induced spontaneous reconstruction strategy is reported, and it is demonstrated that they deliver excellent ultrastable OER electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotential of 320 mV at 500 mA cm and a negligible activity loss after maintaining at 100 mA cm for 240 h. Remarkably, the heterocatalyst holds outstanding long-term stability under harsh industrial condition of 6 m KOH and 85 °C at a current density of as high as 500 mA cm over 500 h.

Simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of oxytetracycline in wastewater by Mycolicibacterium sp. immobilized on magnetic biochar.

Due to the adverse effects of long-term oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in aquatic environments, an effective treatment is urgently needed. Immobilized microbial technology has been widely explored in the treatment of various organic pollutants in aquatic environments with its excellent environmental adaptability. Nevertheless, studies on its application in the removal of antibiotics are relatively scarce and not in sufficient depth.

Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Selective Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia.

Ammonia (NH) plays a significant role in the manufacture of fertilizers, nitrogen-containing chemical production, and hydrogen storage. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) is an attractive prospect for achieving clean and sustainable NH production, under mild conditions driven by renewable energy. The sluggish cleavage of N≡N bonds and poor selectivity of e-NRR are the primary challenges for e-NRR, over the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Fabricating carbon quantum dots of graphitic carbon nitride vis ultrasonic exfoliation for highly efficient HO production.

A promising and sustainable approach for producing hydrogen peroxide is the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR), which uses very stable graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). However, the catalytic performance of pristine g-CN is still far from satisfactory. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the controlled fabrication of carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-modified graphitic carbon nitride carbon (g-CN/CQDs-X) by ultrasonic stripping for efficient 2e ORR electrocatalysis.

Rationally Reconstructed Metal-Organic Frameworks as Robust Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.

Reconstructing metal-organic framework (MOFs) toward a designed framework structure provides breakthrough opportunities to achieve unprecedented oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic performance, but has rarely, if ever, been proposed and investigated yet. Here, the first successful fabrication of a robust OER electrocatalyst by precision reconstruction of an MOF structure is reported, viz., from MOF-74-Fe to MIL-53(Fe)-2OH with different coordination environments at the active sites.

Tiny Ni Nanoparticles Embedded in Boron- and Nitrogen-Codoped Porous Carbon Nanowires for High-Efficiency Water Splitting.

The integration of nickel (Ni) nanoparticle (NP)-embedded carbon layers (Ni@C) into the three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous carbon architectures, where ultrahigh boron (B) and nitrogen (N) doping is a potential methodology for boosting Ni catalysts' water splitting performances, was achieved. In this study, the novel 3D ultrafine Ni NP-embedded and B- and N-codoped hierarchically porous carbon nanowires (denoted as Ni@BNPCFs) were successfully synthesized via pyrolysis of the corresponding 3D nickel acetate [Ni(AC)·4HO]-hydroxybenzeneboronic acid-polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor networks woven by electrospinning. After optimizing the pyrolysis temperatures, various structural and morphological characterization analyses indicate that the optimal Ni@BNPCFs-900 networks own a large surface area, abundant micro/mesopores, and vast carbon edges/defects, which boost doping a large amount of B (5.

Manganese Oxide/Iron Carbide Encapsulated in Nitrogen and Boron Codoped Carbon Nanowire Networks as Accelerated Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Bifunctional Electrocatalysts.

Along with the widespread applications of various energy storage and conversion devices, the prices of precious metal platinum (Pt) and transition-metal cobalt/nickel keep continuously growing. In the future, designing high-efficiency nonprecious-metal catalysts based on low-cost iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) metals for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is fairly critical for commercial applications of hydrogen fuel cells. In this study, for the first time, we design novel three-dimensional (3D) hybrid networks consisting of manganese oxide (MnO)-modified, iron carbide (FeC)-embedded, and boron (B)/nitrogen (N) codoped hierarchically porous carbon nanofibers (denoted FeMn@BNPCFs).

Ionic liquid-derived Fe, N, S, F multiple heteroatom-doped carbon materials for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction.

Heteroatoms doped carbon catalysts have been intensively studied to take the place of Platinum based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) because of their ideal catalytic activity. Herein, the microporous-mesoporous carbon material catalysts doped with Fe, N, S and F were synthesized through a plain one-pot pyrolysis method with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyli-midazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][TFN]) and melamine as precursors. Electrochemical analysis shows that the ORR activity and stability of the obtained catalysts are obviously better than Pt/C under alkaline condition.

Interface Modulation of MoS /Metal Oxide Heterostructures for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis.

Developing efficient earth-abundant MoS based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is important but challenging due to the sluggish kinetics in alkaline media. Herein, a strategy to fabricate a high-performance MoS based HER electrocatalyst by modulating interface electronic structure via metal oxides is developed. All the heterostructure catalysts present significant improvement of HER electrocatalytic activities, demonstrating a positive role of metal oxides decoration in promoting the rate-limited water dissociation step for the HER mechanism in alkaline media.

Increasing Stability and Activity of Core-Shell Catalysts by Preferential Segregation of Oxide on Edges and Vertexes: Oxygen Reduction on Ti-Au@Pt/C.

We describe a new class of core-shell nanoparticle catalysts having edges and vertexes covered by refractory metal oxide that preferentially segregates onto these catalyst sites. The monolayer shell is deposited on the oxide-free core atoms. The oxide on edges and vertexes induces high catalyst stability and activity.

Preparation of high-performance hydroxide exchange membrane by a novel ablation restriction plasma polymerization approach.

A novel approach of ablation restriction plasma polymerization has been successfully demonstrated for the first time in hydroxide exchange membrane synthesis. The membrane possesses high hydroxide conductivity, alkaline stability, and the ability of fully encompassing catalyst particles, without solubility in low boiling point water-soluble solvents.

[Thinking about evaluation of proprietary Chinese medicines containing toxic herbs during switch process of non-prescription drugs].

To enhance the scientific and fair evaluation about proprietary Chinese medicines containing toxic herbs during the switch process of non-prescription drugs, and to ensure those medicines to be used safely by the public in their self-medication. Combined with current research status of toxic herbs, the experience and knowledge accumulated in the practical work of selection and switch of OTC Chinese medicines for years, thinking about the feasible standards about evaluation and management of proprietary Chinese medicines containing toxic herbs at this stage. Initially established ideas and methods about evaluation of proprietary Chinese medicines containing toxic herbs during the switch process of non-prescription drugs.

[Retrospective study of adverse reactions of Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (pill) and risk control based on literature analysis].

In this retrospective study, 56 cases of adverse reactions caused by Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (pill) were statistically analyzed in respects of genders, ages, routes of administration, clinical manifestations, etc. We pinpointed that the main factors related to safety problems of Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (pill) are irrational drug use and drug quality, and put forward suggestions for strengthening the surveillance and administration of Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (pill) and improving clinical rational use.