Science progress distinguishing different types of airway stents under bronchoscopy by artificial intelligence.

ObjectiveIn prior research, we employed artificial intelligence (AI) to distinguish different anatomical positions in the airway under bronchoscopy. We aimed to leverage AI to identifying different types of airway stent.MethodsTo "deep learn" imaging data from patients who underwent bronchoscopy for implanting airway stents from January 2010 to June 2024, utilizing the Vision Transformer model (AI architecture).

Advancements in diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma patients under ECMO support: a case series and comprehensive literature review.

This case series explores the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) as a bridge to diagnosis and treatment in patients with suspected lung adenocarcinoma and severe respiratory failure refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation. We present three cases where ECMO support was initiated to facilitate further diagnostic evaluations, including lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid liquid biopsy, enabling the identification of actionable mutations and guiding targeted therapies. Two patients achieved significant clinical improvement and were successfully weaned from ECMO, while one patient experienced an unfavorable outcome due to a combination of uncontrolled tumor progression and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

The diagnostic performance and optimal strategy of cone beam CT-assisted bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) assisted bronchoscopy shows prospective advantages in diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), but its diagnostic value and potential influencing factors remain unclear. What is the clinical value and optimal strategy of CBCT-assisted bronchoscopy in diagnosing PPLs? The references were searched from PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science. Studies reporting diagnostic yield and potential influencing factors of CBCT-assisted bronchoscopy were included.

Robust mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells effectively combat COVID-19 and establish polyfunctional resident memory in patient lungs.

Mucosal antigen-specific T cells are pivotal for pathogen clearance and immune modulation in respiratory infections. Dysregulated T cell responses exacerbate coronavirus disease 2019 severity, marked by cytokine storms and respiratory failure. Despite extensive description in peripheral blood, the characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cells in the lungs remain elusive.

Safety and efficacy of a novel transbronchial radiofrequency ablation system for lung tumours: One year follow-up from the first multi-centre large-scale clinical trial (BRONC-RFII).

Background And Objective: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging treatment of lung cancer, yet it is accompanied by certain safety concerns and operational limitations. This first multi-centre, large-scale clinical trial aimed to investigate the technical performance, efficacy and safety of an innovative transbronchial RFA system for lung tumours.

Methods: The study enrolled patients with malignant lung tumours who underwent transbronchial RFA using an automatic saline microperfusion system between January 2021 and December 2021 across 16 medical centres.

The Novel Application of Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy Combined with Photodynamic Therapy for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Trachea.

Robotic platforms have been widely used in the various fields of clinical diagnosis and therapy of diseases in the past decade. Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) demonstrates its advantages of visibility, flexibility, and stability in comparison to conventional bronchoscopic techniques. Improving diagnostic yield and navigation yield for peripheral pulmonary lesions has been defined; however, RAB platform of treatment was not reported.

5G-Based Remote Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation-Guided Transbronchial Lung Biopsy for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: Description of 2 Cases.

Introduction: Bronchoscopic navigation combined with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (EBUS-TBLB) is an important approach for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). The fifth-generation (5G) network, characterized by low latency and high stability, has shown promising possibilities in telemedicine for remote areas.

Methods: We present two cases of PPL in primary hospitals without navigation equipment.

Clinical application of endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy-a single center, large sample, real-world study.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy (EBUS-TBNA) has been used for more than 10 years in China. Its clinical application and diagnostic value in different diseases with large sample was lack of report.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed about the application and diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA in different disease of patients in Respiratory Intervention Center of Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health from January 2012 to July 2020.

Distinguishing bronchoscopically observed anatomical positions of airway under by convolutional neural network.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been used for finding lesions gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, there were few AI-associated studies that discuss bronchoscopy.

Objectives: To use convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize the observed anatomical positions of the airway under bronchoscopy.

Long-term efficacy and safety of the Dumon stent for treatment of benign airway stenosis.

Background: The long-term efficacy of the Dumon stent in the treatment of benign airway stenosis is unclear.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the Dumon stent in patients with benign airway stenosis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with benign airway stenosis who were treated with a Dumon stent at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between March 2014 and October 2021.

Endobronchial optical coherence tomography or computed tomography for evaluating progression of bronchiectasis.

Background: The early radiological signs of progression in bronchiectasis remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to compare endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) and chest computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of radiological progression of bronchiectasis stratification of the presence (TW) or absence (TW) of thickened-walled bronchioles surrounding dilated bronchi in patients with bronchiectasis based on CT, and determine the risk factors.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we performed both chest CT and EB-OCT at baseline and 5-year follow-up, to compare changes in airway calibre metrics.

Risk factors and prognosis of airway complications in lung transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Airway complications (AC) are one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality after lung transplant (LTx), but their predictors and outcomes remain controversial. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors and prognosis of AC.

Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.

Airway morphological abnormalities of bronchiolitis assessed by endobronchial optical coherence tomography.

Background: A few studies have reported the medium-sized and small airway morphological abnormalities of bronchiolitis. Whether spirometry or impulse oscillometry (IOS) is correlated with airway remodeling of bronchiolitis remains unclear.

Objectives: Aiming to demonstrate the airway morphological abnormalities of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) assessed by endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT), and elucidate whether spirometric and IOS parameters have correlation with the airway remodeling of bronchiolitis.

Case report: Spontaneous remission in lung carcinoma with a late relapse after adjuvant immunotherapy: Exceptional tumor micro-environment.

Spontaneous remission (SR) of local recurrence after adjuvant immunotherapy has rarely been reported, and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Herein, we reported a patient with stage cT2aN2M0 squamous cell lung carcinoma who received neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment with nivolumab plus chemotherapy. The patient experienced a late relapse in the subcarinal lymph node seven months after the last dosage of treatment but achieved SR in the next three months without additional antitumor therapy.

Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Airway Morphology from Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background: Manual measurement of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) images means a heavy workload in the clinical practice, which can also introduce bias if the subjective opinions of doctors are involved.

Objective: We aim to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based EB-OCT image analysis algorithm to automatically identify and measure EB-OCT parameters of airway morphology.

Methods: The ResUNet, MultiResUNet, and Siamese network were used for analyzing airway inner area (Ai), airway wall area (Aw), airway wall area percentage (Aw%), and airway bifurcate segmentation obtained from EB-OCT imaging, respectively.

Virtual bronchoscopic navigation and endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath without fluoroscopy for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions with a bronchus leading to or adjacent to the lesion: A randomized non-inferiority trial.

Background And Objective: Transbronchial sampling of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) is routinely performed under fluoroscopy. However, advanced ancillary techniques have become available, such as virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) and radial endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (rEBUS-GS). This study was performed to determine whether the diagnostic utility of VBN and rEBUS with a GS is similar with or without fluoroscopy.

Hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping as a simple method for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodule.

Background: A feasible and economical bronchoscopic navigation method in guiding peripheral pulmonary nodule biopsy is lacking.

Objective: To investigate the utility of hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Methods: We developed a hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Proposed clinical phases for the improvement of personalized treatment of checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) is a lethal immune-related adverse event. However, the development process of CIP, which may provide insight into more effective management, has not been extensively examined.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of 56 patients who developed CIP.

Feasibility and Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation Guided by Bronchoscopic Transparenchymal Nodule Access in Canines.

Background: The treatment of pulmonary malignancies remains a challenge. The efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of lung cancer are not well elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of RFA guided by bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access (BTPNA) in vivo.

A clinical and canine experimental study in small-airway response to bronchial thermoplasty: Role of the neuronal effect.

Background: The effects of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) on smooth muscle (SM) and nerves in small airways are unclear.

Methods: We recruited 15 patients with severe refractory asthma, who received BT treatment. Endobronchial optical-coherence tomography (EB-OCT) was performed at baseline, 3 weeks' follow-up and 2 years' follow-up to evaluate the effect of BT on airway structure.

Hybrid stenting with silicone Y stents and metallic stents in the management of severe malignant airway stenosis and fistulas.

Background: Airway stenting is frequently used in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced tumor-induced airway stenosis and fistulas. However, there is paucity of studies regarding the use of airway stents in restoring patency. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of hybrid silicon Y stents and covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) and in reestablishing patency in airway stenoses and fistulas.