Publications by authors named "Carol E Brown"

Background: Male cancer survivors performing physically demanding work have received less attention in the scientific literature compared to other groups. We hypothesized that men newly diagnosed with cancer have better well-being if they have less physically demanding jobs.

Methods: Seventy-six male workers completed the NIOSH Worker Well-being Questionnaire (WellBQ) approximately three months after starting cancer treatment.

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Objectives: Few Total Worker Health ® studies and fewer interventions examine well-being in the work context of cancer survivorship. We investigated the possibility of occupation and oncology professionals working together to address employed survivors' work-associated needs.

Methods: We employed a community-based participatory research approach to examine the educational, contextual, and workflow needs of oncology care team members to inform intervention design.

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Objective: We sought to test whether a 2-week Total Worker Health (TWH) training mapped to TWH education competencies could be administered to a Mexican audience of occupational safety and health professionals and could lead to positive changes to knowledge and behaviors.

Methods: This study used robust program evaluation methods collected before and after each of the nine training days and at the end of the course.

Results: Overall course quality received a mean score of 4.

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Objective: Sufficient sleep is essential for well-being. We examined the relationship between work-related social support, work stress, and sleep sufficiency, predicting that workers with higher social support would report higher sleep sufficiency across varying levels of work stress.

Methods: The data set analyzed in the present study included 2213 workers from approximately 200 small (<500 employees) businesses in high, medium, and low hazard industries across Colorado.

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Background: Leadership commitment to worker safety and health is one of the most important factors when organizations develop and implement a Total Worker Health® approach. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Total Worker Health ("TWH") leadership development program that targeted owners and other senior-level leadership positions on changing organizational and worker outcomes from baseline to one-year later.

Methods: The Small + Safe + Well study included small businesses from a variety of industries in the state of Colorado, USA that were participating in Health Links™.

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Article Synopsis
  • The dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is essential for effectively translating health interventions into actual practice, particularly in improving worker safety and well-being.
  • D&I frameworks, like RE-AIM, help researchers develop flexible approaches for diverse workplace contexts, ensuring programs can be tailored to different sizes and types of businesses.
  • The case study of Health Links™ demonstrates the importance of stakeholder engagement and customized strategies in successfully implementing evidence-based interventions in various organizational settings.
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The COVID-19 pandemic created workplace challenges for employee safety and health, especially in small enterprises. We used linear mixed-effects regression to examine changes in health climate, safety climate, and worker well-being, prior to the pandemic and at two timepoints during it. We also examined whether employees at organizations that had received a TWH leadership development intervention prior to COVID-19 would better maintain pre-pandemic perceptions of climates and well-being.

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Background: There is little longitudinal research on whether changes to Total Worker Health® (TWH) policies and programs are associated with changes in health climate and safety climate. We hypothesize that as TWH policies and programs change, employees will report changes in safety climate and health climate from baseline to 1 year.

Methods: Twenty-five diverse small businesses and their employees participated in assessments completed approximately 1 year apart.

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Background: The Total Worker Health® (TWH) approach is a best practice method to protect and promote worker safety, health, and well-being. Central to this approach is leadership support and health and safety climates that support day-to-day use of health and safety policies and programs. There is some research that supports these relationships, but there is limited research amongst small businesses.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to understand how Total Worker Health® (TWH) can be effectively adopted in small-to-medium sized businesses through advising sessions.
  • Organizations that participated in TWH consultations showed positive changes in their health assessments, particularly those who received advising compared to those who didn't.
  • The findings suggest that TWH consultation can lead to improved practices that promote worker health and safety over time.
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Leaders play a critical role in the development and execution of Total Worker Health (TWH). Small businesses, in particular, can benefit from strong leadership support for TWH as the burden of work-related injury, illness and fatality, as well as poor health and well-being is high in this population. In the present study, we conducted a program evaluation of a TWH leadership development program for small business leaders using the RE-AIM framework.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study explores how employees' perceptions of safety and health climates affect their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in small businesses.
  • It involved a survey of 491 employees from 30 small businesses in Colorado in May 2020, analyzing the impact of the pandemic on their work and home lives.
  • Findings indicate that positive perceptions of safety and health climates are linked to better employee well-being, highlighting the importance of strong climates in maintaining well-being during crises.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines how Total Worker Health (TWH) strategies affect employees' views on leadership commitment and workplace safety and health climates across 53 small businesses and 1271 workers.
  • It finds that strong leadership commitment to safety is crucial for a positive workplace safety climate, while TWH strategies have a notable connection to health climate when leadership supports worksite wellness.
  • The research suggests that enhancing leadership development in TWH could help improve both safety and health climates in workplaces.
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Objectives: As the commercial cannabis industry grows, there is an increased need to characterize potentially hazardous workplace exposures and provide training to workers to mitigate these exposures with the goal of reducing accidents and injuries from cannabis cultivation, processing, and manufacturing. Public health and safety stakeholders in Colorado developed a worker-focused training designed to improve hazard awareness, recognition, and controls related to commercial cannabis cultivation. This paper describes the evaluation of this training.

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Objective: This study evaluates the motivational processes between employee occupational safety and health climates and behaviors using the Theory of Self-Determination in a sample of diverse small businesses.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data to assess whether employee safety/health intrinsic, identified, and external motives mediate the relationship between safety/health climate and behavior.

Results: All three types of motivation mediated the relationship between safety and health climates and behaviors.

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Objective: Leadership is an important factor in creating a safe and healthy work environment. Little is known about its influence in small organizations. This study assessed the relationship between leadership, climate, and employee behavior in organizations with less than 500 employees.

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Nearly half of Americans are employed by small businesses, and future projections suggest that the number of those employed by small businesses will rise. Despite this, there is relatively little small business intervention research on the integration of health protection and health promotion, known as Total Worker Health® (TWH). We first discuss the importance of studying small businesses in TWH research and practice.

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Objectives: The specific objectives of the 2017 Understanding Small Enterprises Conference were to: (i) identify successful strategies for overcoming occupational safety and health (OS&H) barriers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); (ii) disseminate best practices to research and business communities; (iii) build collaborations between different stakeholders including researchers, insurers, small enterprises, government agencies; and (iv) better inform OS&H research relevant to SMEs.

Methods: A two and a half day international conference was organized, building upon three previously successful iterations. This conference brought together researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders from 16 countries to share best practices and emerging strategies for improving OS&H in SMEs.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely preventable by finding and removing adenomas, but many people have not been screened, especially the uninsured with low income.

Purpose: To establish a statewide infrastructure to ensure that low-income Coloradans receive colonoscopy for CRC screening and diagnostic evaluation.

Design: In 2006, a statewide program to provide free colonoscopy to uninsured Coloradans was developed as a partnership between the University of Colorado Cancer Center and Colorado safety-net clinics.

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