Spin Sensor-Integrated Covalent Organic Frameworks Reveal the Effect of Host-Guest Interactions on the Catalytic Activity of Immobilized Enzymes.

Encapsulating enzymes within covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offers a promising strategy to enhance enzyme stability and facilitate their separation and recycling. However, the complex host-guest interactions in such hybrid systems substantially affect enzyme conformation flexibility, which can dominate key catalytic processes such as substrate binding and catalytic conversion. Understanding these molecular interplays is crucial but remains challenging.

Impact of Cu Porphyrin Immobilization Modes on Carbon Nanotubes for Selective CO Electroreduction.

Immobilized molecular catalysts have demonstrated remarkable performance in the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR). However, the impact of different immobilization modes on CO reduction selectivity remains insufficiently explored. Herein, we designed and synthesized three distinct copper porphyrin/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid materials with varying immobilization strategies, including noncovalent, covalent, and coordination bonding, to explore their effects on catalytic performance and product selectivity.

Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO to Cyclic Carbonate Conversion under Solvent, Metal, and Co-Catalyst Free Conditions.

The efficient and sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added chemicals represents a promising approach for addressing environmental and energy challenges. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of ionic liquid-functionalized covalent organic frameworks, [DD]-PB-COF (X = 25, 50, 75, 100), via postsynthetic modification of hydroxyl-containing COFs using triethylenediamine-based ionic liquids. The resulting materials exhibit high crystallinity, tunable active site density, and well-defined one-dimensional channels conducive to CO mass transport.

p-Synephrine Loaded by Injectable Gelma Hydrogel Ameliorates Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Inflammation is a key factor that contributes to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). p-Synephrine has anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the effects of p-synephrine on OA remain to be elucidated.

Vision transformer-based stratification of pre/diabetic and pre/hypertensive patients from retinal photographs for 3PM applications.

Objective: Diabetes and hypertension pose significant health risks, especially when poorly managed. Retinal evaluation though fundus photography can provide non-invasive assessment of these diseases, yet prior studies focused on disease presence, overlooking control statuses. This study evaluated vision transformer (ViT)-based models for assessing the presence and control statuses of diabetes and hypertension from retinal images.

Metal Synergistic Dual Activation Enables Efficient Transesterification by Multinuclear Titanium Catalyst: Recycling and Upcycling of Polyester Waste.

Developing highly efficient and selective catalysts for chemical recycling and upcycling of plastic waste is essential for establishing a sustainable plastics economy and reducing environmental impact. Here, we report a novel tetranuclear titanium catalyst that enables highly efficient transesterification reactions of esters and polyesters. Detailed experimental and computational studies have revealed that a bi-titanium framework facilitates a dual activation mechanism, activating both alcohol and ester simultaneously, thereby significantly enhancing the transesterification process.

Posterior Eye Curvature as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pathologic Myopia From High Myopia.

Purpose: To characterize posterior eye curvature and to assess its diagnostic performance in differentiating pathologic myopia (PM) from simple high myopia (SHM).

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 790 eyes from 790 participants (mean age: 60.

A deep-learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia.

Introduction: The utility of retinal photography-derived aging biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline remains under-explored.

Methods: A memory-clinic cohort in Singapore was followed-up for 5 years. RetiPhenoAge, a retinal aging biomarker, was derived from retinal photographs using deep-learning.

Advancing Propylene Epoxidation: the Role of Ethyl Acetate Autoxidation via Cobalt-Nickel Catalyzed C(acyl)─O Bond Scission.

The selective autoxidation for the synthesis of valuable oxygenates has provoked keen interest from both academic and industrial sectors. Although the generation of reactive oxygen species via oxygen attack on C─H bonds near ester linkages is well-established, research into aliphatic ester oxidation has primarily focused on combustion, neglecting their potential utility in oxidation processes. Herein, a protocol for producing propylene oxide through the autoxidation of ethyl acetate in tandem with propylene epoxidation is demonstrated.

Reexamine the link between retinal layer thickness and cognitive function after correction of axial length: the Beijing Eye Study 2011.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness and cognitive function in elderly Chinese, accounting for the influence of axial length.

Methods: The participants of the Beijing Eye Study 2011 which is a population-based cross-sectional study without any retinal or optic nerve disease underwent a series of ocular examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina. Using a multiple-surface OCT segmentation algorithm, the retina was automatically segmented into 9 layers.

Deep Imbalanced Regression Model for Predicting Refractive Error from Retinal Photos.

Purpose: Recent studies utilized ocular images and deep learning (DL) to predict refractive error and yielded notable results. However, most studies did not address biases from imbalanced datasets or conduct external validations. To address these gaps, this study aimed to integrate the deep imbalanced regression (DIR) technique into ResNet and Vision Transformer models to predict refractive error from retinal photographs.

Can large language models fully automate or partially assist paper selection in systematic reviews?

Background/aims: Large language models (LLMs) have substantial potential to enhance the efficiency of academic research. The accuracy and performance of LLMs in a systematic review, a core part of evidence building, has yet to be studied in detail.

Methods: We introduced two LLM-based approaches of systematic review: an LLM-enabled fully automated approach (LLM-FA) utilising three different GPT-4 plugins (Consensus GPT, Scholar GPT and GPT web browsing modes) and an LLM-facilitated semi-automated approach (LLM-SA) using GPT4's Application Programming Interface (API).

Associations between shorter leucocyte telomere length and increased risk of age-related macular degeneration in women: insights from the United Kingdom Biobank study.

Objectives: To determine the association between telomere length (TL) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and examine the potential variations with sex and ethnicity.

Methods: Population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 52,083 participants from the UK Biobank were included.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Protective Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Prospective Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Purpose: Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have reported inconsistent findings regarding omega-3 fatty acids' protective role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated their association in a prospective cohort and examined causality using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Design: Prospective cohort study and 2-sample MR analyses.

Five-Year Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Risk Factors in Adult Chinese Population: The Tongren Health Care Study.

Purpose: To examine the 5-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its associated factors in an adult Chinese population.

Methods: The Tongren Health Care Study included individuals attending regular health care check-up examinations in the Beijing Tongren Hospital. Baseline examinations were performed from 2014 to 2015, with 5-year follow-up examinations conducted between 2019 and 2020.

Lipid-lowering drug and complement factor H genotyping-personalized treatment strategy for age-related macular degeneration.

We investigated whether the effect of lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) differs according to the main complement genetic variants in Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) ( = 5,579) and UK Biobank studies ( = 445,727). The effect of LLD was determined for each stratum of 20 complement genetic variants. In SEED, 484 individuals developed AMD and 216 showed progression over 6 years.

Selective Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Photocatalytic Oxidation by Tuning Porphyrin-Based COFs' Dimensionality.

Regulating the selective generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a significant challenge in the field of photocatalytic oxidation, with successful approaches still being limited. Herein, we present a strategy to selectively generate singlet oxygen (O) and superoxide radicals (O) by tuning the dimensionality of porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The transformation of COFs from three-dimensional (3D) solids to two-dimensional (2D) sheets was achieved through the reversible protonation of the imine bond.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Protective Factor for Myopia.

Purpose: Animal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Design: Two-sample MR analysis.

Lamina Cribrosa Configurations in Highly Myopic and Non-Highly Myopic Eyes: The Beijing Eye Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of lamina cribrosa (LC) configuration in highly myopic (HM) eyes.

Methods: Participants from the Beijing Eye Study 2011, free of optic nerve or retinal diseases, were randomly selected to examine LC depth (LCD) and LC tilt (LCT) using three-dimensional optical coherent tomography images of the optic nerve head (ONH). LCD and LCT were measured as the distance and angle between the LC plane with two reference planes, including the Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) plane and the peripapillary sclera (PPS) plane, respectively.

Construction of a highly stable natural silicate-supported molybdenum catalyst for efficient epoxidation of olefins.

Epoxides are important bulk chemicals, playing irreplaceable role in the chemical industry, but facing serious pollution and low productivity in the production process. Therefore, the development of green and efficient epoxidation of olefins by stable catalysts with low prices is of great significance. In this study, a Mo-MATP catalyst was prepared by modifying Mo(CO)₆ on attapulgite through Si-O bonding.

Diabetic Retinopathy and Chronic Kidney Disease: Associations and Comorbidities in a Large Diabetic Population - The Tongren Health Care Study.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate associations between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (TD2).

Methods: The participants of the cross-sectional, community-based Tongren Health Care Study underwent a detailed medical and ophthalmological examination. We defined TD2 by a fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥7.

Visible light driven reform of wasted plastics to generate green hydrogen over mesoporous ZnInS.

As the global consumption of plastics keeps increasing, the accumulated plastics in the natural environment have threatened the survival of human beings. Photoreforming, as a simple and low-energy way, could transform wasted plastic into fuel and small organic chemicals at ambient temperature. However, the previously reported photocatalysts have some drawbacks, such as low efficiency, containing precious or toxic metal.

Macular outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and outer photoreceptor segment band thickness, axial length and other determinants.

The study aims to assess the thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and photoreceptor outer segment (POS) band in various macular regions and its associations with axial length and other parameters. Participants of the Beijing Eye Study 2011 underwent a series of examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula. The current study included 2213 participants without retinal or optic nerve diseases (age: 61.