Validation of physiological principles of Non-Invasive fractional flow reserve derived from CT coronary angiography.

Background: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) simulation of fractional flow reserve (FFR) is derived from allometric and morphometric scaling principles, allowing inference of physiological parameters from anatomical measures like left-ventricular (LV) mass and coronary luminal dimensions. Validity of these assumptions in humans remains uncertain, with supporting data derived from animal models.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease underwent proximal-LAD intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Combowire assessment at rest and hyperemia.

Patterns of care in the management of high-risk COPD in Australia (2015-2019): an observational study for the CONQUEST quality improvement program.

Background: We compared the management of patients with 'high-risk' COPD in Australia to national/international guidelines and quality standards, including the COllaboratioN on QUality improvement initiative for achieving Excellence in STandards of COPD care (CONQUEST).

Methods: Eligible patients in the Optimum Patient Care Research Database Australia were categorized as newly diagnosed (≤12 months after diagnosis), already diagnosed, or patients with potential undiagnosed COPD, in each year from 2015 to 2019. 'High-risk' patients had ≥2 COPD exacerbations/exacerbation-like events in the last 24 months.

Phase 1 studies of the indenoisoquinolines LMP776 and LMP744 in patients with solid tumors and lymphomas.

Purpose: Indenoisoquinolines are a class of topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors designed to overcome clinical limitations of camptothecins. Three indenoisoquinolines (LMP400, LMP776, and LMP744) demonstrated activity in murine models and a comparative canine lymphoma study. Clinical data for LMP400 were previously reported (NCT01051635).

Key advances in cardiac computed tomography: A review of the most relevant studies published in 2024 on coronary and structural heart disease.

This review highlights the most relevant and influential studies on coronary and structural cardiac computed tomography published in 2024. The clinical utility of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) continues to expand, supported by advancements in quantitative plaque analysis, functional assessment through FFR-CT, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Photon-counting CT has emerged as a promising technology for improving image quality and diagnostic accuracy.

Prognostic Time Frame of Plaque and Hemodynamic Characteristics and Integrative Risk Prediction for Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: The relevant time frame for predicting future acute coronary syndrome (ACS) based on coronary lesion characteristics remains uncertain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of lesion characteristics with test-to-event time and their prognostic impact on ACS.

Methods: The EMERALD II (Exploring the Mechanism of Plaque Rupture in Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Coronary CT Angiography and Computational Fluid Dynamics II) study analyzed 351 patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and experienced ACS between 1 month and 3 years of follow-up.

Virtual reality improves pain threshold and recall in healthy adults: A randomized, crossover study.

Study Objective: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology increasingly used to ameliorate acute and chronic pain although controlled, quantifiable data are limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate VR's effect on heat pain threshold (HPT), pressure pain threshold (PPT), immediate pain and anxiety, and recalled pain and anxiety.

Design: Prospective, randomized, crossover clinical trial.

Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging for Monitoring an Insertable Hydrogel Multianalyte Sensor.

Oxidoreductase enzymes paired with oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent dyes can be immobilized in sensor structures that allow for continuous monitoring following insertion with minimal insult to the tissue. However, oxidoreductase-based sensors are limited by their consumption of oxygen, requiring knowledge and control of local oxygen conditions. Further, oxygen-responsive phosphors also exhibit temperature dependence.

Acceptance of Virtual Reality in Trainees Using a Technology Acceptance Model: Survey Study.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) technologies have demonstrated therapeutic usefulness across a variety of health care settings. However, graduate medical education (GME) trainee perspectives on VR acceptability and usability are limited. The behavioral intentions of GME trainees with regard to VR as an anxiolytic tool have not been characterized through a theoretical framework of technology adoption.

Insertable Biomaterial-Based Multianalyte Barcode Sensor toward Continuous Monitoring of Glucose and Oxygen.

Chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and microvascular complications, contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality. Current monitoring tools such as glucometers and continuous glucose monitors only measure one analyte; multiplexing technologies offer a promising approach for monitoring multiple biomarkers, enabling the management of comorbidities and providing more comprehensive disease insights. In this work, we describe a miniaturized optical "barcode" sensor with high biocompatibility for the continuous monitoring of glucose and oxygen.

Coronary Artery Stenosis and High-Risk Plaque Assessed With an Unsupervised Fully Automated Deep Learning Technique.

Background: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has emerged as a reliable noninvasive modality to assess coronary artery stenosis and high-risk plaque (HRP). However, CCTA assessment of stenosis and HRP is time-consuming and requires specialized training, limiting its clinical translation.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a fully automated deep learning system capable of characterizing stenosis severity and HRP on CCTA.

Validation of virtual fractional flow reserve pullback curves.

Background: Angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (virtual FFR) has shown excellent diagnostic performance compared with wire-based FFR. However, virtual FFR pullback curves have not been validated yet.

Objectives: To validate the accuracy of virtual FFR pullback curves compared to wire-based FFR pullbacks and to assess their clinical utility using patient-reported outcomes.

Synergistic Effect of Laser, Water Vapor, and Electron-Beam on the Degradation of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Flakes.

Understanding the effects of laser light, water vapor, and energetic electron irradiation on the intrinsic properties of perovskites is important in the development of perovskite-based solar cells. Various phase transition and degradation processes have been reported when these agents interact with perovskites separately. However, detailed studies of their synergistic effects are still missing.

Insertable Glucose Sensor Using a Compact and Cost-Effective Phosphorescence Lifetime Imager and Machine Learning.

Optical continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are emerging for personalized glucose management owing to their lower cost and prolonged durability compared to conventional electrochemical CGMs. Here, we report a computational CGM system, which integrates a biocompatible phosphorescence-based insertable biosensor and a custom-designed phosphorescence lifetime imager (PLI). This compact and cost-effective PLI is designed to capture phosphorescence lifetime images of an insertable sensor through the skin, where the lifetime of the emitted phosphorescence signal is modulated by the local concentration of glucose.

An association between Dasatinib, elevated left atrial pressure and pleural effusion.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as Dasatinib, are effective in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but associated with development of pleural effusions (PE). The relationship between haemodynamic parameters identified on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) such as elevated estimated left atrial pressure (LAP), and PE development is unknown. This study aims to describe associations between Dasatinib, elevated LAP and PE.

Long-Term Evaluation of Inserted Nanocomposite Hydrogel-Based Phosphorescent Oxygen Biosensors: Evolution of Local Tissue Oxygen Levels and Foreign Body Response.

Phosphorescence-based oxygen-sensing hydrogels are a promising platform technology for an upcoming generation of insertable biosensors that are smaller, softer, and potentially more biocompatible than earlier designs. However, much remains unknown about their long-term performance and biocompatibility . In this paper, we design and evaluate a range of hydrogel sensors that contain oxygen-sensitive phosphors stabilized by micro- and nanocarrier systems.