Caffeine protects against stress-induced murine depression through activation of PPARγC1α-mediated restoration of the kynurenine pathway in the skeletal muscle.

Exercise prevents depression through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)-mediated activation of a particular branch of the kynurenine pathway. From kynurenine (KYN), two independent metabolic pathways produce neurofunctionally different metabolites, mainly in somatic organs: neurotoxic intermediate metabolites via main pathway and neuroprotective end product, kynurenic acid (KYNA) via the branch. Elevated levels of KYN have been found in patients with depression.

Efficient Spike-Driven Learning With Dendritic Event-Based Processing.

A critical challenge in neuromorphic computing is to present computationally efficient algorithms of learning. When implementing gradient-based learning, error information must be routed through the network, such that each neuron knows its contribution to output, and thus how to adjust its weight. This is known as the credit assignment problem.

Neuroprotective effect of ketamine against TNF-α-induced necroptosis in hippocampal neurons.

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a crucial cytokine, has various homeostatic and pathogenic bioactivities. The aim of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effect of ketamine against TNF-α-induced motor dysfunction and neuronal necroptosis in male C57BL/6J mice in vivo and HT-22 cell lines in vitro. The behavioural testing results of the present study indicate that ketamine ameliorated TNF-α-induced neurological dysfunction.

Structurally diverse alkaloids from Buxus sempervirens with cardioprotective activity.

Extensive phytochemical study of the methanol extract of twigs and leaves of Buxus sempervirens resulted in the identification of 17 Buxus alkaloids, including 12 new ones, namely buxusemines A-L (1-12). Their structures were delineated by detailed analysis of the HRESIMS and NMR data, as well as quantum chemical NMR calculations. Buxusemine A (1) represents the second Buxus alkaloid with a unique spiro[4.

Low-dose aspirin and the severity of ıschemic colitis: A single-center retrospective study.

Background/aims: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin (50-150 mg/d) on the severity of ischemic colitis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 244 patients admitted to our hospital for ischemic colitis between 2013 and 2018 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups-aspirin and non-aspirin groups-based on their recent history of aspirin use before the onset of ischemic colitis.

CerebelluMorphic: Large-Scale Neuromorphic Model and Architecture for Supervised Motor Learning.

The cerebellum plays a vital role in motor learning and control with supervised learning capability, while neuromorphic engineering devises diverse approaches to high-performance computation inspired by biological neural systems. This article presents a large-scale cerebellar network model for supervised learning, as well as a cerebellum-inspired neuromorphic architecture to map the cerebellar anatomical structure into the large-scale model. Our multinucleus model and its underpinning architecture contain approximately 3.

"Hot cross bun" is a potential imaging marker for the severity of cerebellar ataxia in MSA-C.

To evaluate the correlation between "hot cross bun" sign (HCBs) and disease severity in multiple system atrophy (MSA). We recruited patients with probable and possible MSA with parkinsonism (MSA-P) or the cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) subtypes. Clinical and imaging characteristics were collected and comparison was performed between MSA-C and MSA-P cases.

Improved accuracy of cerebral blood flow quantification in the presence of systemic physiology cross-talk using multi-layer Monte Carlo modeling.

Contamination of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to systemic physiology remains a significant challenge in the clinical translation of DCS for neuromonitoring. Tunable, multi-layer Monte Carlo-based (MC) light transport models have the potential to remove extracerebral flow cross-talk in cerebral blood flow index ( ) estimates. We explore the effectiveness of MC DCS models in recovering accurate changes in the presence of strong systemic physiology variations during a hypercapnia maneuver.

BiCoSS: Toward Large-Scale Cognition Brain With Multigranular Neuromorphic Architecture.

The further exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying the biological activities of the human brain depends on the development of large-scale spiking neural networks (SNNs) with different categories at different levels, as well as the corresponding computing platforms. Neuromorphic engineering provides approaches to high-performance biologically plausible computational paradigms inspired by neural systems. In this article, we present a biological-inspired cognitive supercomputing system (BiCoSS) that integrates multiple granules (GRs) of SNNs to realize a hybrid compatible neuromorphic platform.

Long-term follow-up in patients with Brugada Syndrome in South China.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of Brugada electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern, clinical characteristics, treatment, and long-term prognosis of Brugada syndrome in southern Chinese population.

Methods: This prospective study consisted of a consecutive series of patients with diagnostic coved type I Brugada ECG pattern at baseline between January 2007 and February 2020. Histories of symptoms including ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) episode, syncope, and family history of Brugada Syndrome (BrS) or unexplained sudden cardiac death were collected.

Comprehensive Landscape of Heparin Therapy for COVID-19.

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading globally. Clinical observations found that systemic symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are attenuated when using the anticoagulant agent heparin, indicating that heparin may play other roles in managing COVID-19, in addition to prevention of pulmonary thrombosis. Several biochemical studies show strong binding of heparin and heparin-like molecules to the Spike protein, which resulted in inhibition of viral infection to cells.

Tp-e and (Tp-e)/QT ratio as a non-invasive risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmia in patients with idiopathic ventricular premature complexes.

Background: To evaluate the role of Tp-e and (Tp-e)/QT ratio in differentiating benign ventricular premature complex (VPC) and malignant polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT).

Methods: From January 2017 to December 2017, patients with documented polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) were consecutive included and classified as PVT/VF group. Sixty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited as comparative control and subdivided into non-VPC and VPC group.

Various Diseases and Clinical Heterogeneity Are Associated With "Hot Cross Bun".

To characterize the clinical phenotypes associated with the "hot cross bun" sign (HCBs) on MRI and identify correlations between neuroimaging and clinical characteristics. Firstly, we screened a cohort of patients with HCBs from our radiologic information system (RIS) in our center. Secondly, we systematically reviewed published cases on HCBs and classified all these cases according to their etiologies.

Cystatin C is a potential predictor of unfavorable outcomes for cerebral ischemia with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment: A multicenter prospective nested case-control study.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore whether cystatin C (CysC) could be used as a potential predictor of clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA).

Methods: We performed an observational study including a retrospective analysis of data from 125 AIS patients with intravenous thrombolysis. General linear models were applied to compare CysC levels between groups with different outcomes; logistic regression analysis and receiver-operating characteristic curves were adopted to identify the association between CysC and the therapeutic effects.

Identification of novel alternative splicing biomarkers for breast cancer with LC/MS/MS and RNA-Seq.

Background: Alternative splicing isoforms have been reported as a new and robust class of diagnostic biomarkers. Over 95% of human genes are estimated to be alternatively spliced as a powerful means of producing functionally diverse proteins from a single gene. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies, especially RNA-seq, provides novel insights into large-scale detection and analysis of alternative splicing at the transcriptional level.

Development and validation of a web-based calculator to predict individualized conditional risk of site-specific recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Analysis of 10,058 endemic cases.

Background: Conditional survival (CS) provides dynamic prognostic estimates by considering the patients existing survival time. Since CS for endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is lacking, we aimed to assess the CS of endemic NPC and establish a web-based calculator to predict individualized, conditional site-specific recurrence risk.

Methods: Using an NPC-specific database with a big-data intelligence platform, 10,058 endemic patients with non-metastatic stage I-IVA NPC receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy between April 2009 and December 2015 were investigated.

A review of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr and Maxim.) harms: From ethnopharmacological use to modern application.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Acanthopanax senticosus (AS), previously classified as Eleutherococcus senticosus, is one of the most commonly used herbs in the Chinese materia medica. However, there is currently no comprehensive review summarising advances in AS research. AS has been used as a functional food and in various preparations since ancient times, to invigorate the liver and kidneys, replenish vitality, strengthen the bones, stimulate appetite, and improve memory.

A unique porin meditates iron-selective transport through cyanobacterial outer membranes.

Cyanobacteria are globally important primary producers and nitrogen fixers with high iron demands. Low ambient dissolved iron concentrations in many aquatic environments mean that these organisms must maintain sufficient and selective transport of iron into the cell. However, the nature of iron transport pathways through the cyanobacterial outer membrane remains obscure.

Replication Gaps Underlie BRCA Deficiency and Therapy Response.

Defects in DNA repair and the protection of stalled DNA replication forks are thought to underlie the chemosensitivity of tumors deficient in the hereditary breast cancer genes and (BRCA). Challenging this assumption are recent findings that indicate chemotherapies, such as cisplatin used to treat BRCA-deficient tumors, do not initially cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Here, we show that ssDNA replication gaps underlie the hypersensitivity of BRCA-deficient cancer and that defects in homologous recombination (HR) or fork protection (FP) do not.

Unsupervised Multi-Class Domain Adaptation: Theory, Algorithms, and Practice.

In this paper, we study the formalism of unsupervised multi-class domain adaptation (multi-class UDA), which underlies a few recent algorithms whose learning objectives are only motivated empirically. Multi-Class Scoring Disagreement (MCSD) divergence is presented by aggregating the absolute margin violations in multi-class classification, and this proposed MCSD is able to fully characterize the relations between any pair of multi-class scoring hypotheses. By using MCSD as a measure of domain distance, we develop a new domain adaptation bound for multi-class UDA; its data-dependent, probably approximately correct bound is also developed that naturally suggests adversarial learning objectives to align conditional feature distributions across source and target domains.

Mechanical and hemodynamic responses of breast tissue under mammographic-like compression during functional dynamic optical imaging.

Studying tissue hemodynamics following breast compression has the potential to reveal new contrast mechanisms for evaluating breast cancer. However, how compression will be distributed and, consequently, how hemodynamics will be altered inside the compressed breast remain unclear. To explore the effect of compression, 12 healthy volunteers were studied by applying a step compression increase (4.

Multimodal analysis of gene expression from postmortem brains and blood identifies synaptic vesicle trafficking genes to be associated with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: We aimed to identify key susceptibility gene targets in multiple datasets generated from postmortem brains and blood of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: We performed a multitiered analysis to integrate the gene expression data using multiple-gene chips from 244 human postmortem tissues. We identified hub node genes in the highly PD-related consensus module by constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks.

Luminescence investigation of red-emitting SrMgMoO:Eu phosphor for visualization of latent fingerprint.

Fingerprints are widely studied due to their unique shape and lifelong properties. The latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization is critical in identifying crime scenes and personal information. At present, the powder dusting method for LFP detection is favored due to its environmental friendliness and nontoxicity.

Millimeter-Wave Array Radar-Based Human Gait Recognition Using Multi-Channel Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network.

At present, there are two obvious problems in radar-based gait recognition. First, the traditional radar frequency band is difficult to meet the requirements of fine identification with due to its low carrier frequency and limited micro-Doppler resolution. Another significant problem is that radar signal processing is relatively complex, and the existing signal processing algorithms are poor in real-time usability, robustness and universality.