Single dartos flap versus double dartos flap in hypospadias repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis and fragility index.

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common congenital urogenital anomaly. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, still it presents challenges in management. An important aspect of hypospadias repair is the use of protective layers to cover neourethra.

Assessment of Antenatal and Postnatal Prognostic Indicators in the Outcome of Neonatal Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Prospective Observational Study.

Context: Despite advances in neonatal intensive care, surgical methods, and anesthesia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still associated with significant mortality. Predicting which babies will have poorer outcomes is essential to identify the high-risk babies and to give targeted care and accurate prognosis to the parents, especially in a resource crunch set-up.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antenatal and postnatal prognostic factors in neonatal CDH that can be used to predict the outcome.

Recurrent Hemangioma of the Penile Urethra - An Unusual Etiology of Gross Hematuria Managed Successfully with Holmium Laser Coagulation.

Urethral hemangioma is a benign uncommon vascular tumor. It presents with hematuria and macroscopic urethrorrhagia. Urethrocystoscopy is the main diagnostic modality.

Management dilemma in pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction: is transit time the answer?

Purpose: Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is the leading cause for hydronephrosis in children. Diuretic renography used in the pre- and post-operative evaluation of pyeloplasty may not be reliable in predicting the outcome.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted from October 2018 to November 2020, including all children with unilateral PUJO undergoing Pyeloplasty.

Utility of Urinary Biomarkers Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 as a Marker for Diagnosing the Presence of Renal Scar in Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: To explore the possibility of using urinary biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) to assess the presence of renal scars in children with Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR).

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 94 children aged 0-16 years diagnosed with VUR in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, JIPMER. Urinary biomarkers were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, normalized with urinary creatinine (Cr) and compared with severity of VUR (low grade [I and II] and high grade [III, IV, and V]), presence or absence of renal scar in VUR patients and severity of renal scar.

Calyx to Parenchymal Ratio (CPR): An unexplored tool and its utility in the follow-up of pyeloplasty.

Introduction: Antero-posterior trans pelvic diameter (APD) and renal scintigraphy play a significant role in the diagnosis of pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and postoperative follow-up following pyeloplasty. However, the APD varies irrespective of improvement, deterioration, or preserved function in a hydronephrotic kidney and is not a reliable parameter due to various factors (hydration status, compliance, and reduction pyeloplasty). Calyx to Parenchymal Ratio (CPR) is the ratio of the depth of the calyx and parenchymal thickness measured on ultrasound (USG) in coronal image.

Metabolic and Clinical Characteristics of Children with Urolithiasis from Southern India.

Objective: To study the etiological profile and patterns of clinical presentations of urolithiasis (UL) in children.

Methods: This observational study included patients <18 y with UL, who were referred to the pediatric nephrology clinic. Clinical features, family history, consanguinity and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at presentation and follow-up were recorded.

Clinico-Biochemical Profile of Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a group of disorders responsible for the majority of pediatric end-stage renal disease cases. There are only a few studies on CAKUT.

Objectives: A study was conducted to determine the clinical and biochemical profile of children with CAKUT and to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with hypertension in CAKUT.

High grade renal trauma due to blunt injury in children: do all require intervention?

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the presentation and management of major grade renal trauma in children.

Method: A retrospective study was performed including data collected from the patients who were admitted in Pediatric surgery with major grade renal injury (grade 3 and more) from January 2015 to August 2018. Demography, clinical parameters, management, duration of hospital stay and final outcome were noted.

Solitary functioning kidney in children: clinical implications.

Introduction: Children with solitary functioning kidney (SFK) are prone to develop long term problems, which are not well represented in the literature. The extent to which the presence of associated congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) further de-stabilize renal function is to be addressed.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the etiology, presentation, presence of CAKUT, and renal damage in children with SFK.

Fetus in Fetu: Case Report and Brief Review of Literature on Embryologic Origin, Clinical Presentation, Imaging and Differential Diagnosis.

Background: Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare entity in which a malformed diamniotic monochorionic parasitic fetal twin develops inside a normal co-twin's body, most commonly in the abdominal cavity. FIF is differentiated from the teratoma by the presence of vertebral column often with an appropriate arrangement of other organs or limbs around it.

Case Report: A two-and-a-half-year-old girl presented with a painless abdominal swelling in the right hypochondrium.

Transanal impalement of double J steel bar with colonic and jejunal injury: A unique pediatric case report.

Pediatric transanal impalement injuries are relatively uncommon and most are attributed to accidental fall on offending objects, sexual assault or blunt trauma. There may be difficulty in recognizing or properly treating such injuries because their severity may not be reflected externally. Evaluation of suspected rectal impalement injury involves careful history and physical examination and proper investigation.

Portal teratoma causing obstructive jaundice in children: a rarity.

Teratoma in children is a common entity, usually occurring both in gonadal and extragonadal sites. Common extragonadal sites for teratoma in children are the sacrococcygeal region, retroperitoneum, and mediastinum. Various unusual extragonadal sites have been reported.