Utility of Ischemia-Modified Albumin as a Biomarker for Acute Appendicitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Acute appendicitis is a frequently encountered surgical emergency. Despite several scoring systems, the possibility of delayed diagnosis persists. In addition, a delayed diagnosis leads to an increased risk of complicated appendicitis.

Assessment of Antenatal and Postnatal Prognostic Indicators in the Outcome of Neonatal Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Prospective Observational Study.

Context: Despite advances in neonatal intensive care, surgical methods, and anesthesia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still associated with significant mortality. Predicting which babies will have poorer outcomes is essential to identify the high-risk babies and to give targeted care and accurate prognosis to the parents, especially in a resource crunch set-up.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antenatal and postnatal prognostic factors in neonatal CDH that can be used to predict the outcome.

Recurrent Hemangioma of the Penile Urethra - An Unusual Etiology of Gross Hematuria Managed Successfully with Holmium Laser Coagulation.

Urethral hemangioma is a benign uncommon vascular tumor. It presents with hematuria and macroscopic urethrorrhagia. Urethrocystoscopy is the main diagnostic modality.

Management dilemma in pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction: is transit time the answer?

Purpose: Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is the leading cause for hydronephrosis in children. Diuretic renography used in the pre- and post-operative evaluation of pyeloplasty may not be reliable in predicting the outcome.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted from October 2018 to November 2020, including all children with unilateral PUJO undergoing Pyeloplasty.

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of models combining the renal biomarkers in predicting renal scarring in pediatric population with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Introduction: Renal scarring is prominently observed in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and can lead to complicated renal outcomes. Although biopsy is the gold standard to detect renal scarring, it is an invasive procedure. There are established renal biomarkers which can help detect renal scarring.

Oncocytic adrenal cortical neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential - A rare case report.

Adrenal oncocytic tumors are rarely encountered. Most of the oncocytic tumors are benign and rarely malignant. Here we report a case of a 10-year-old male child presented with abdominal mass whose Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) shows well-circumscribed tumor.

Utility of Urinary Biomarkers Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 as a Marker for Diagnosing the Presence of Renal Scar in Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: To explore the possibility of using urinary biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) to assess the presence of renal scars in children with Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR).

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 94 children aged 0-16 years diagnosed with VUR in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, JIPMER. Urinary biomarkers were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, normalized with urinary creatinine (Cr) and compared with severity of VUR (low grade [I and II] and high grade [III, IV, and V]), presence or absence of renal scar in VUR patients and severity of renal scar.

Calyx to Parenchymal Ratio (CPR): An unexplored tool and its utility in the follow-up of pyeloplasty.

Introduction: Antero-posterior trans pelvic diameter (APD) and renal scintigraphy play a significant role in the diagnosis of pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and postoperative follow-up following pyeloplasty. However, the APD varies irrespective of improvement, deterioration, or preserved function in a hydronephrotic kidney and is not a reliable parameter due to various factors (hydration status, compliance, and reduction pyeloplasty). Calyx to Parenchymal Ratio (CPR) is the ratio of the depth of the calyx and parenchymal thickness measured on ultrasound (USG) in coronal image.

Use of fosfomycin combination therapy to treat multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection among paediatric surgical patients - a tertiary care centre experience.

With increasing resistance to currently used antibiotics, antibiotic combinations are being resorted to. The present study deals with five children with complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) whose urine cultures grew multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. In all of these five cases, MDR organisms were the causative agents for UTI and the currently available antibiotics, including colistin, were ineffective, although the organisms were sensitive .

Screening for Renal and Urinary Tract Anomalies in Asymptomatic First Degree Relatives of Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT).

Objective: To estimate the frequency of renal and urinary tract anomalies in first-degree relatives of children with Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT).

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on parents and siblings of 138 children with CAKUT. Renal ultrasonogram, radionuclide diuretic renogram and micturating cysturethrogram were the tools used for screening these family members.

Clinical Spectrum of Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract in Children.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical spectrum and patterns of clinical presentation in congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract.

Methods: We enrolled 307 consecutively presenting children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract at the pediatric nephrology clinic. Patients were evaluated clinically, with serum biochemistry, appropriate imaging and radionuclide scans.

Clinico-Biochemical Profile of Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a group of disorders responsible for the majority of pediatric end-stage renal disease cases. There are only a few studies on CAKUT.

Objectives: A study was conducted to determine the clinical and biochemical profile of children with CAKUT and to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with hypertension in CAKUT.

High grade renal trauma due to blunt injury in children: do all require intervention?

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the presentation and management of major grade renal trauma in children.

Method: A retrospective study was performed including data collected from the patients who were admitted in Pediatric surgery with major grade renal injury (grade 3 and more) from January 2015 to August 2018. Demography, clinical parameters, management, duration of hospital stay and final outcome were noted.

Solitary functioning kidney in children: clinical implications.

Introduction: Children with solitary functioning kidney (SFK) are prone to develop long term problems, which are not well represented in the literature. The extent to which the presence of associated congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) further de-stabilize renal function is to be addressed.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the etiology, presentation, presence of CAKUT, and renal damage in children with SFK.

Fetus in Fetu: Case Report and Brief Review of Literature on Embryologic Origin, Clinical Presentation, Imaging and Differential Diagnosis.

Background: Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare entity in which a malformed diamniotic monochorionic parasitic fetal twin develops inside a normal co-twin's body, most commonly in the abdominal cavity. FIF is differentiated from the teratoma by the presence of vertebral column often with an appropriate arrangement of other organs or limbs around it.

Case Report: A two-and-a-half-year-old girl presented with a painless abdominal swelling in the right hypochondrium.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of liver.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare, but aggressive tumor commonly arising from the kidney in young children. Extrarenal MRT has been reported in the literature in various other sites including the liver, pelvis, CNS, abdomen, heart and other soft-tissues. Reported herein are the presentation, radiology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment and outcome of a 6 month infant with primary MRT of liver.

Portal teratoma causing obstructive jaundice in children: a rarity.

Teratoma in children is a common entity, usually occurring both in gonadal and extragonadal sites. Common extragonadal sites for teratoma in children are the sacrococcygeal region, retroperitoneum, and mediastinum. Various unusual extragonadal sites have been reported.

Retrocaval ureter: a rare cause of hydronephrosis in children.

Retrocaval ureter is a relatively rare developmental anomaly of the inferior vena cava. It commonly manifests in the third to fourth decade of life; however, pediatric reports of this condition are very rare. Individuals with this anomaly are symptomatic because of ureteric obstruction.

Bilateral primary renal lymphoma with orbital metastasis in a child.

Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is a rare condition and bilateral PRL even rarer. Most of these bilateral PRL have been reported in adults. We describe a 3-year-old male with bilateral primary renal B cell lymphoma with orbital metastases.