A Rare Osteoid Forming Carcinosarcoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland.

Salivary gland carcinosarcoma is a combination of malignant epithelial and sarcomatous tumors and can develop from a preexisting pleomorphic adenoma or de novo. These tumors are rapidly growing infiltrative tumors and have an extremely poor prognosis, with a high frequency of lymphatic and hematogenous spread at the time of diagnosis. Approximately half of the cases of carcinosarcoma arise from preexisting pleomorphic adenoma with a long-standing clinical history of parotid mass.

The success rate of small renal mass core needle biopsy and its impact on lowering benign resection rate.

Background: Small renal mass (SRM) biopsy remains under-utilized due to stigma. Meanwhile, the alarmingly high benign findings in resected kidney masses highlight the need for improved preoperative diagnosis and patient selection.

Methods: The purpose of this study is to review the success rate of SRM biopsy and to evaluate its impact on patient management.

[Diagnostic Utility of LEF1 Immunostain in Cytology Specimens of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of Pancreas].

Unlabelled: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm. Diagnosis of SPN requires an integrated approach with aid of radiology, biopsy, cytology, and immunohistochemical stains. Although morphological features in combination with nuclear positivity of β-catenin IHC have been the gold standard of SPN diagnosis, but overlapping morphology and immunohistochemical findings with other entities in differential diagnoses such as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma make the diagnosis of SPN difficult particularly in limited cytology specimens.

Touch preparation for rapid onsite evaluations of renal mass biopsies: concordance rate, pearls, and pitfalls.

Introduction: Core needle biopsy (CNB) of renal masses has not been commonly performed because of the perceived low sensitivity until recent years. Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) using touch preparations (TPs) has the potential to improve the yield of CNB, although it can be challenging because of the diverse morphology of various types of renal tumors and native cells.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed percutaneous CNBs of renal masses with ROSE using TPs.

Somatic SMARCB1 Mutation in Sporadic Multiple Meningiomas: Case Report.

Multiple intracranial meningiomas account for <10% of all meningiomas. Familial multiple meningiomas have been linked to germline mutations in two genes: (NF2) and (SMARCB1). Sporadic multiple meningiomas have been associated with somatic NF2 mutations and, to date, there has been no case related to somatic SMARCB1 mutations.

Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-mediated induction of metastatic spread and association with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Inhibition of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) has become a standard of care supportive treatment to prevent skeletal related events in cancer patients. Moreover, RANKL inhibition has been implicated with better survival outcome in lung cancer, while RANKL expression induces tumor progression and metastatic spread in vivo in breast cancer. Whether RANK/RANKL may have an impact on the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is currently unknown.

Q Fever Presented as a Large Retroperitoneal Pseudotumoral Mass.

Background: Q fever is an infection caused by , an intracellular organism. Acute infection is most often a benign and asymptomatic process; however, some individuals may go on to develop subacute and persistent localized symptomatic Q fever. As such, the clinical and histopathologic findings of Q fever are widely variable and may be missed if clinical suspicion is not high.

Low CD38 Identifies Progenitor-like Inflammation-Associated Luminal Cells that Can Initiate Human Prostate Cancer and Predict Poor Outcome.

Inflammation is a risk factor for prostate cancer, but the mechanisms by which inflammation increases that risk are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that low expression of CD38 identifies a progenitor-like subset of luminal cells in the human prostate. CD38 luminal cells are enriched in glands adjacent to inflammatory cells and exhibit epithelial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling.

Activation of Notch1 synergizes with multiple pathways in promoting castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the primary cause of prostate cancer-specific mortality. Defining new mechanisms that can predict recurrence and drive lethal CRPC is critical. Here, we demonstrate that localized high-risk prostate cancer and metastatic CRPC, but not benign prostate tissues or low/intermediate-risk prostate cancer, express high levels of nuclear Notch homolog 1, translocation-associated (Notch1) receptor intracellular domain.

p53 Mutation Directs AURKA Overexpression via miR-25 and FBXW7 in Prostatic Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) is a rare but aggressive form of prostate cancer that is negative for androgen receptor (AR) and not responsive to hormonal therapy. The molecular etiology of this prostate cancer variant is not well understood; however, mutation of the p53 (TP53) tumor suppressor in prostate neuroendocrine cells inactivates the IL8-CXCR2-p53 pathway that normally inhibits cellular proliferation, leading to the development of SCNC. SCNC also overexpresses Aurora kinase A (AURKA) which is considered to be a viable therapeutic target.

Effect of povidone-iodine concentration and exposure time on bacteria isolated from endophthalmitis cases.

Purpose: To determine the in vitro susceptibility of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis bacterial isolates to different concentrations of povidone-iodine at different exposure times.

Setting: Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Design: Experimental study.

Conjunctival scrape cytology findings in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Objective: To describe the conjunctival scrape cytology findings in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Study Design: Conjunctival scrape cytology was performed to find the cause of conjunctivitis in 20 patients with chronic conjunctival GVHD. All patients had chronic ocular symptoms such as foreign body sensation, burning, tearing and red eye.

Intravitreal infliximab in experimental endotoxin-induced uveitis.

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ocular inflammation and the level of TNF-alpha is increased in ocular fluids of patients with uveitis. Intravenous infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha, has been used for the treatment of uveitis with promising preliminary results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravitreal injection of infliximab on experimental uveitis.