Landscape of Artificial Intelligence Use for Occupational Health and Safety Practice in Two Canadian Provinces.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) can modernize occupational health and safety (OHS) practice and provide solutions to the most complex health and safety challenges. Empirical data on firm-level AI utilization in OHS practice remain limited. The objective of this study was to examine AI use for OHS and firm-level descriptive and OHS characteristics associated with AI use.

Why are Disclosure Decisions so Difficult? Understanding Factors that Encourage and Discourage Workers with a Chronic Disabling Condition from Disclosing Health Information at Work.

Purpose: The decision whether to disclose a disability at work is complex. Drawing on communication theories, we examined disclosure decision-making and how workers with disabling health conditions prioritized information that could simultaneously encourage and discourage disclosure.

Methods: An online, cross-sectional survey asked workers with physical and mental health/cognitive conditions creating job limitations (i.

Do occupational health and safety tools that utilize artificial intelligence have a measurable impact on worker injury or illness? Findings from a systematic review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise as a tool that can be used by practitioners in the field of occupational health and safety (OHS). This study aimed to identify AI applications specifically used for OHS and examine their impact on worker morbidity or mortality outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review.

Machine learning and the labor market: A portrait of occupational and worker inequities in Canada.

Introduction: Machine learning (ML), an artificial intelligence (AI) subfield, is increasingly used by Canadian workplaces. Concerningly, the impact of ML may be inequitable and contribute to social and health inequities in the working population. The aim of this study is to estimate the number of workers in occupations with high, medium, and low ML exposure and describe differences in exposure according to occupational and worker sociodemographic factors.

Long-Term Dynamic Financial Impacts Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: A Longitudinal Matched-Cohort Study.

Purpose: Surviving cancer has significant financial implications for adolescents and young adults (AYAs). It is unclear how cancer affects AYA income over time compared with the general population, and how this differs by subtype.

Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective matched-cohort study of AYAs age 15-39 years diagnosed from 1994 to 2013 in Canada's universal health care system.

Disclosure Decisions of Workers Living with a Chronic Health Condition Causing Disability at Work: Are Decisions to Disclose to Co-workers and Supervisors Different?

Purpose: Individuals living with chronic physical or mental health/cognitive conditions must make decisions that are sometimes difficult about whether to disclose health information at work. This research investigated workers' decisions to not to disclose any information at work, disclosure to a supervisor only, co-workers only, or to both a supervisor and co-workers. It also examined personal, health, and work factors associated with disclosure to different groups compared to not disclosing information.

Humanization of Pan-HLA-DR mAb 44H10 Hinges on Critical Residues in the Antibody Framework.

Reducing the immunogenicity of animal-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for use in humans is critical to maximize therapeutic effectiveness and preclude potential adverse events. While traditional humanization methods have primarily focused on grafting antibody Complementarity-Determining Regions (CDRs) on homologous human antibody scaffolds, framework regions can also play essential roles in antigen binding. Here, we describe the humanization of the pan-HLA-DR mAb 44H10, a murine antibody displaying significant involvement of the framework region in antigen binding.

The future of work in shaping the employment inclusion of young adults with disabilities: a qualitative study.

Purpose –: The world of work is changing and creating challenges and opportunities for the employment inclusion of young people with disabilities. In this article, the perceptions held by young adults with disabilities regarding participation in the future of work are examined.

Design/methodology/approach –: One-on-one interviews were conducted with Canadian young adults (ages 18-36 years) living with a disability.

Double Trouble! Do Workplace Supports Mitigate Lost Productivity for Young Workers with Both Severe Rheumatic Diseases and Depressive Symptoms?

Background: The objectives of this longitudinal study were to understand how comorbid rheumatic disease and depression symptoms were associated with at-work productivity among young adults, and to examine whether workplace support modified this association.

Methods: Seventy-six Canadian young adults who were employed and living with a rheumatic disease were surveyed three times over 27 months. Morbidity was defined by whether participants reported severe rheumatic disease symptoms and/or depressive symptoms.

Effect of Exercise on Mental Health and Health-related Quality of Life in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determine the effect of exercise interventions on mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with SCI.

Data Sources: We searched Embase, CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, and SPORTDiscus from inception to September 2023.

Study Selection: We included randomized controlled trials that (1) involved participants ≥18 years old with a SCI; (2) administered an exercise intervention; and (3) measured subjective well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being, and/or HRQoL as outcomes.

Impact of employment and income support interventions on the health of young adults with episodic disability: Findings from a systematic review.

Objective: Young adults living with episodic disabilities face unpredictable disruptions to their employment and health. Our study aimed to examine the impact of employment and income support interventions on the health and well-being of young adults living with episodic disabilities.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed intervention studies published in 2001-2021 in industrialized contexts.

Experiential Aspects of Participation in Employment and Mobility for Adults With Physical Disabilities: Testing Cross-Sectional Models of Contextual Influences and Well-Being Outcomes.

Objective: To use structural equation modeling to test research- and theory-informed models of potential predictors and outcomes of subjective experiences of employment and mobility participation in a national sample of people with physical disabilities.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Canada.

Artificial intelligence and the work-health interface: A research agenda for a technologically transforming world of work.

The labor market is undergoing a rapid artificial intelligence (AI) revolution. There is currently limited empirical scholarship that focuses on how AI adoption affects employment opportunities and work environments in ways that shape worker health, safety, well-being and equity. In this article, we present an agenda to guide research examining the implications of AI on the intersection between work and health.

Racial and Ethnic Inequities in the Return-to-Work of Workers Experiencing Injury or Illness: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Non-White workers face more frequent, severe, and disabling occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses when compared to White workers. It is unclear whether the return-to-work (RTW) process following injury or illness differs according to race or ethnicity.

Objective: To determine racial and ethnic differences in the RTW process of workers with an occupational or non-occupational injury or illness.

A multi-specific, multi-affinity antibody platform neutralizes sarbecoviruses and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been responsible for a global pandemic. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used as antiviral therapeutics; however, these therapeutics have been limited in efficacy by viral sequence variability in emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and in deployment by the need for high doses. In this study, we leveraged the multi-specific, multi-affinity antibody (Multabody, MB) platform, derived from the human apoferritin protomer, to enable the multimerization of antibody fragments.

Modular adjuvant-free pan-HLA-DR-immunotargeting subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 elicits broad sarbecovirus-neutralizing antibody responses.

Subunit vaccines typically require co-administration with an adjuvant to elicit protective immunity, adding development hurdles that can impede rapid pandemic responses. To circumvent the need for adjuvant in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) subunit vaccine, we engineer a thermostable immunotargeting vaccine (ITV) that leverages the pan-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody 44H10 to deliver the viral spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) to antigen-presenting cells. X-ray crystallography shows that 44H10 binds to a conserved epitope on HLA-DR, providing the basis for its broad HLA-DR reactivity.

The Employment Quality of Persons with Disabilities: Findings from a National Survey.

Purpose: Labour market integration is a widely accepted strategy for promoting the social and economic inclusion of persons with disabilities. But what kinds of jobs do persons with disabilities obtain following their integration into the labour market? In this study, we use a novel survey of workers to describe and compare the employment quality of persons with and without disabilities in Canada.

Methods: We administered an online, cross-sectional survey to a heterogeneous sample of workers in Canada (n = 2,794).

Experiential aspects of employment and their relationship with work outcomes: A cross-sectional study using a novel measure of participation in workers with and without physical disabilities.

Background: People with disabilities often report restrictions to employment participation. Recent theorising emphasises the need for broadened conceptualisations of participation, incorporating subjective participation experiences.

Objective: To examine relationships between subjective, experiential aspects of employment participation and work-specific outcomes in adults with and without physical disabilities.

Financial toxicity among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review of educational attainment, employment, and income.

Purpose: To identify, evaluate and summarize the evidence on educational attainment, employment status and income of AYAs surviving cancer.

Methods: A search of six databases for articles published between 01/01/2010 and 03/31/2022 was performed. Articles with an AYA survivorship population, quantitative design and a cancer-free comparator group were included.

How Does Job Insecurity and Workplace Activity Limitations Relate to Rheumatic Disease Symptom Trajectories in Young Adulthood? A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Workplace and labor market conditions are associated with the health of the working population. A longitudinal study was conducted among young adults with rheumatic disease to examine workplace activity limitations and job insecurity and their relationship with disease symptom trajectories.

Methods: Three online surveys were administered to young adults with rheumatic disease over 27 months.

A Sensibility Assessment of the Job Demands and Accommodation Planning Tool (JDAPT): A Tool to Help Workers with an Episodic Disability Plan Workplace Support.

Purpose Sensibility refers to a tool's comprehensiveness, understandability, relevance, feasibility, and length. It is used in the early development phase to begin assessing a new tool or intervention. This study examined the sensibility of the job demands and accommodation planning tool (JDAPT).

Inclusion of young people with disabilities in the future of work: forecasting workplace, labour market and community-based strategies through an online and accessible Delphi survey protocol.

Introduction: The future of work is expected to transform the nature of work, create unique employment barriers for young people living with disabilities and disrupt pathways to better health. We present a Delphi survey protocol through which we aim to obtain future-oriented strategies that can improve the accessibility and inclusion of young people with disabilities in the future of work.

Methods And Analysis: The Delphi survey will be conducted primarily online, over two rounds and in a format that is accessible to people living with disabilities.

Precarious work among personal support workers in the Greater Toronto Area: a respondent-driven sampling study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of personal support workers (PSWs) in health care, as well as their work conditions. Our study aimed to understand the characteristics of the PSW workforce, their work conditions and their job security, as well as to explore the health of PSWs and the impact of precarious employment on their health.

Methods: Our community-based participatory action research focused on PSWs in the Greater Toronto Area.