AmyA contributes to the glycogen synthesis in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.

Glycogen, an α-1,4 linked glucose polymer with α-1,6 linked branches, accumulates in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius in granular form and contributes to stress resistance. While the glg operon responsible for glycogen metabolism has been studied, the gene responsible for branch formation remained elusive. Interestingly, the ΔAmyA mutant failed to accumulate glycogen.

The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children's Version.

There is no validated screening measure for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Korea. The purpose of the present study was (1) to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Autism Spectrum-Child (K-AQ-Child); (2) to find the optimal cut-off value of the K- AQ-Child in the Korean population. A total of 144 children aged 4-11 years (male 80.

Removal of circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides via immobilized antibody therapy restores sepsis-induced neutrophil dysfunction.

During recovery from septic shock, circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides predispose to secondary infection by occupying formyl peptide receptor 1 on the neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) membrane, suppressing cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i)-dependent responses to secondarily encountered bacteria. However, no study has yet investigated therapeutic clearance of circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides in clinical settings. Thus, we studied how to remove mitochondrial N-formyl peptides from septic-shock plasma and whether such removal could preserve cell-surface formyl peptide receptor 1 and restore sepsis-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction by normalizing [Ca2+]i flux.

In Vitro Preventive Effect and Mechanism of Action of CMU against Biofilm Formation and Periodontal Pathogens.

In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anti-biofilm, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity of CMU (CMU), an oral probiotic, against periodontopathogens. Compared to other oral probiotics, CMU showed a superior inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation and growth of on orthodontic wires and artificial teeth ( < 0.05).

Nuclear OsFKBP20-1b maintains SR34 stability and promotes the splicing of retained introns upon ABA exposure in rice.

Alternative splicing (AS) is a critical means by which plants respond to changes in the environment, but few splicing factors contributing to AS have been reported and functionally characterized in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we explored the function and molecular mechanism of the spliceosome-associated protein OsFKBP20-1b during AS.

Computerized Version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (KSADS-COMP): Development and Validation of the Korean Clinician-Administered Version.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate the Korean version of the clinician-administered KSADSCOMP, which is the recently updated, web-based computerized version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-age children (KSADS).

Methods: A total of 71 participants (mean age=12.04±3.

Effects of TSA, NaB, Aza in Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and effect of TSA in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts on cell division and callus formation.

Whole-plant regeneration via plant tissue culture is a complex process regulated by several genetic and environmental conditions in plant cell cultures. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been reported to play an important role in plant cell differentiation and establishment of pluripotency. Herein, we tested the effects of chemicals, which interfere with epigenetic regulation, on the plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of lettuce.

Cyclo[2]carbazole[2]pyrrole: a preorganized calix[4]pyrrole analogue.

A cyclo[2]carbazole[2]pyrrole (2) consisting of two carbazoles and two pyrroles has been synthesized by directly linking the carbazole 1- and 8-carbon atoms to the pyrrole α-carbon atoms. Macrocycle 2 is an extensively conjugated 16-membered macrocyclic ring that is fixed in a pseudo-1,3-alternate conformation. This provides a preorganized anion binding site consisting of two pyrrole subunits.

Their C-termini divide FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition.

Members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) induce flowering by associating with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD and forming regulatory complexes in angiosperm species. However, the molecular mechanism of the FT-FD heterocomplex in Chinese cabbage ( ssp. ) is unknown.

The spliceophilin CYP18-2 is mainly involved in the splicing of retained introns under heat stress in Arabidopsis.

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 (PPIL1) is associated with the human spliceosome complex. However, its function in pre-mRNA splicing remains unclear. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana CYCLOPHILIN 18-2 (AtCYP18-2), a PPIL1 homolog, plays an essential role in heat tolerance by regulating pre-mRNA splicing.

Model-Based Prediction of Acid Suppression and Proposal of a New Dosing Regimen of Fexuprazan in Humans.

Fexuprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). The compounds in this newly developed drug family suppress intragastric acidity. As there are already other acid-suppressing drugs on the market, such as H antagonists and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), it would be informative to compare the biological effects of fexuprazan against another approved drug with the same indication.

Engineering of for Hemicellulosic Biomass Utilization.

The saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose is essential for utilizing lignocellulosic biomass as a biofuel. While cellulose is composed of glucose only, hemicelluloses are composed of diverse sugars such as xylose, arabinose, glucose, and galactose. is a good potential candidate for biofuel production using hemicellulose as this archaeon simultaneously utilizes various sugars.

Multi-omics reveals microbiome, host gene expression, and immune landscape in gastric carcinogenesis.

To date, there has been no multi-omic analysis characterizing the intricate relationships between the intragastric microbiome and gastric mucosal gene expression in gastric carcinogenesis. Using multi-omic approaches, we provide a comprehensive view of the connections between the microbiome and host gene expression in distinct stages of gastric carcinogenesis (i.e.

The Arabidopsis cyclophilin CYP18-1 facilitates PRP18 dephosphorylation and the splicing of introns retained under heat stress.

In plants, heat stress induces changes in alternative splicing, including intron retention; these events can rapidly alter proteins or downregulate protein activity, producing nonfunctional isoforms or inducing nonsense-mediated decay of messenger RNA (mRNA). Nuclear cyclophilins (CYPs) are accessory proteins in the spliceosome complexes of multicellular eukaryotes. However, whether plant CYPs are involved in pre-mRNA splicing remain unknown.

study for the hemostatic efficacy and foreign body reaction of a new powder-type polysaccharide hemostatic agent.

Purpose: Various hemostatic agents have been introduced in therapy as postoperative bleeding is a poor prognostic factor for postoperative outcomes. These products can be divided into those that directly promote the hemostatic cascade and those that physically form a barrier by absorbing blood. The latter, powder-type hemostatic agents have the advantages of being inexpensive and more absorbable with less foreign body reactions (FBRs) and are applicable to a relatively wide area.

Targeted Delivery of Exosomes Armed with Anti-Cancer Therapeutics.

Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes have gained great attention for their role as therapeutic vehicles for delivering various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Exosomes "armed" with anti-cancer therapeutics possess great potential for an efficient intracellular delivery of anti-cancer APIs and enhanced targetability to tumor cells. Various technologies are being developed to efficiently incorporate anti-cancer APIs such as genetic materials (miRNA, siRNA, mRNA), chemotherapeutics, and proteins into exosomes and to induce targeted delivery to tumor burden by exosomal surface modification.

Impact of short-chain fatty acid supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effects of SCFA supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. Mice were fed with sodium butyrate or a mixture of SCFAs in the drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 d.

SUMO Modification of OsFKBP20-1b Is Integral to Proper Pre-mRNA Splicing upon Heat Stress in Rice.

OsFKBP20-1b, a plant-specific cyclophilin protein, has been implicated to regulate pre-mRNA splicing under stress conditions in rice. Here, we demonstrated that OsFKBP20-1b is SUMOylated in a reconstituted SUMOylation system in and in planta, and that the SUMOylation-coupled regulation was associated with enhanced protein stability using a less SUMOylated OsFKBP20-1b mutant (5KR_OsFKBP20-1b). Furthermore, OsFKBP20-1b directly interacted with OsSUMO1 and OsSUMO2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas the less SUMOylated 5KR_OsFKBP20-1b mutant had an impaired interaction with OsSUMO1 and 2 in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus.

Proteome profile of spleen in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) naturally infected with rock bream iridovirus (RBIV).

Background: Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) is one of the most dangerous pathogens that causes the highest mortality in the aquaculture of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Even though RBIV infection leads to huge economic loss, proteome studies on RBIV-infected rock bream have not been conducted to provide information about the differential protein expression pattern by the host protection system.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein expression patterns in spleens of rock bream olive after infection by RBIV or mixed infection by RBIV and bacteria.

Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Orally Administered Fexuprazan in Humans.

Fexuprazan is a new drug candidate in the potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) family. As proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), P-CABs inhibit gastric acid secretion and can be used to treat gastric acid-related disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models predict drug interactions as pharmacokinetic profiles in biological matrices can be mechanistically simulated.

Identification of the Genes Related to the Glycogen Metabolism in Hyperthermophilic Archaeon, .

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that comprises α-1,4-linked glucose backbone and α-1,6-linked glucose polymers at the branching points. It is widely found in organisms ranging from bacteria to eukaryotes. The physiological role of glycogen is not confined to being an energy reservoir and carbon source but varies depending on organisms.

Multi-biomarker panel prediction model for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Background/purpose: The current study aimed to develop a prediction model using a multi-marker panel as a diagnostic screening tool for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Multi-center cohort of 1991 blood samples were collected from January 2011 to September 2019, of which 609 were normal, 145 were other cancer (colorectal, thyroid, and breast cancer), 314 were pancreatic benign disease, and 923 were pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The automated multi-biomarker Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit was developed using three potential biomarkers: LRG1, TTR, and CA 19-9.