Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and its role in cardiovascular risk assessment in hyperglycemia - A study in North India.

Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their cellular receptors (RAGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its progression to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A marker of the AGE-RAGE axis, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), was examined in this study in various glycemic states as well as in low- and high-CVD-risk patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 25 adults were recruited into each of the "Normoglycemic", "Prediabetic", and "Diabetic" groups based on American Diabetes Association 2019 HbA1c% level criteria.

Advancement in Nanotablet Research: An Overview.

Modern technologies such as nanotechnology are being applied in almost every sector to deliver affordable, environmentally friendly products. The integration of nanotechnology in medicine has revolutionized drug delivery systems, with nanotechnology emerging as a promising frontier. This review explores the synthesis and characterization of nanotablet drug formulations designed to enhance their potential across various applications.

Exploring the multi-faceted health risks of heavy metals exposure in Sikkim's unique Himalayan ecosystem, India.

Sikkim, located in the Eastern Himalayas, is a prominent tourist destination. The state exhibits a diverse climatic range spanning from subtropical to alpine zones. Springs and glacier-fed rivers serve as the primary water sources for both residents and tourists.

Unveiling the Mechanism of Lurbinectedin's Action and Its Potential in Combination Therapies in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lurbinectedin is a selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription approved for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Preclinical data provide evidence for lurbinectedin exerting its actions in a unique manner that involves oncogenic transcription inhibition, DNA damage, reshaping of the tumor microenvironment, and inducing anticancer immunity. Understanding the mechanism of action has facilitated the rational combination of lurbinectedin and anticancer therapies with complementary modes of action, in order to obtain synergistic effects that could potentially lead to improved efficacy.

Distribution, toxicity load and risk assessment of heavy metals in the groundwater of Dhemaji, Assam, India.

Metal contamination in drinking water has drawn attention since it gravely jeopardizes human health. This study was conducted in pre- and post-monsoon season in 2021 at Dhemaji, Assam, India. It characterized metal pollutants in groundwater, their distribution, possible sources, and evaluated the potential toxicity and associated health risk assessment.

Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with fine aerosols in ambient atmosphere of high-altitude urban environment in Sikkim Himalaya.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds are ubiquitous in ambient air due to their persistence, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Gangtok being one of the cleanest cities in India located in Eastern Himalayan region, witnesses high developmental activities with enhanced urbanization affecting the ambient air quality. The present study aims to measure PM and PAHs in the ambient atmosphere of the Sikkim Himalaya to understand the influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on aerosol loading and their chemical characteristics.

COVID-19 and Poverty in South America: the Mental Health Implications.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus made governments across the world announce country-wide lockdowns suspending all activities and banning travels. This affected the lives of millions of people across all the continents in the world, including South America. The low-income classes were most affected by the lockdowns as many lost their only source of income.

Chemical-free transfer of patterned reduced graphene oxide thin films for large area flexible electronics and nanoelectromechanical systems.

In this paper, a wet-dry hybrid technique to transfer patterned reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film to arbitrary substrates at predetermined locations without using any chemicals is reported. The transfer process involves water-assisted delamination of rGO, followed by dry transfer to an acceptor substrate using viscoelastic stamp. Patterned reduced graphene oxide films are transferred to silicon dioxide (SiO/Si) substrate to begin with.

The incisive papilla as a guide to maxillary anterior teeth position for complete dentures.

Context: The incisive papilla as a guide for complete dentures.

Aims: To evaluate incisive papilla as a guide to maxillary anterior teeth position for complete dentures.

Settings And Design: To measure the linear distances from the incisive papilla to the maxillary central incisors in Odia population and compare it to other ethnic groups.

Cutaneous Melanoma, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Cutaneous melanoma have been significantly revised over the past few years in response to emerging data on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies and BRAF-targeted therapy. This article summarizes the data and rationale supporting extensive changes to the recommendations for systemic therapy as adjuvant treatment of resected disease and as treatment of unresectable or distant metastatic disease.

Report of a case of platelet-rich fibrin-mediated revascularization of immature 12 with histopathological evaluation.

The procedure of regeneration has shown promising results in the treatment of nonvital teeth with immature apices. However, the tissue being regenerated can only be confirmed through histological examination. This report describes an immature nonvital 12 with apical pathology which was treated via revascularization using 3% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as irrigants; Ca(OH)2 as intracanal medicament and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as scaffold.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Premna integrifolia extracts and assay-guided isolation of a COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitor.

Premna integrifolia (Agnimantha brihat) is a traditional medicinal plant with a prominent place in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicine. In this study we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of the Premna integrifolia root extracts employing cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme-based assays, lymphocyte proliferation assay, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines measurement. Petroleum ether extract (PEE) of Premna integrifolia showed potent inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX with IC values of 6.

Diabetic retinopathy screening programme utilising non-mydriatic fundus imaging in slum populations of New Delhi, India.

Objectives: To develop and implement a community-based programme for screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in urban populations of Delhi.

Methods: Known diabetics (KDs) aged 40 years and older were identified through house-to-house surveys, volunteers and publicity. All KDs were referred to DR screening camps organised locally where procedures included brief medical history, ocular examination and non-mydriatic fundus photography using portable handheld camera.

NCCN Guidelines Insights: Melanoma, Version 3.2016.

The NCCN Guidelines for Melanoma have been significantly revised over the past few years in response to emerging data on a number of novel agents and treatment regimens. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the data and rationale supporting extensive changes to the recommendations for systemic therapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable melanoma.

Acridine Derivatives as Inhibitors of the IRE1α-XBP1 Pathway Are Cytotoxic to Human Multiple Myeloma.

Using a luciferase reporter-based high-throughput chemical library screen and topological data analysis, we identified N-acridine-9-yl-N',N'-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (DAPA) as an inhibitor of the inositol requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α)-X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) pathway of the unfolded protein response. We designed a collection of analogues based on the structure of DAPA to explore structure-activity relationships and identified N(9)-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N(3),N(3),N(6),N(6)-tetramethylacridine-3,6,9-triamine (3,6-DMAD), with 3,6-dimethylamino substitution on the chromophore, as a potent inhibitor. 3,6-DMAD inhibited both IRE1α oligomerization and in vitro endoribonuclease (RNase) activity, whereas the other analogues only blocked IRE1α oligomerization.

Awareness, knowledge, and risks of zoonotic diseases among livestock farmers in Punjab.

Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the awareness, knowledge, and risks of zoonotic diseases among livestock farmers in Punjab.

Materials And Methods: 250 livestock farmers were selected randomly and interviewed with a pretested questionnaire, which contained both open and close ended questions on different aspects of zoonotic diseases, i.e.

Mechanical tearing of graphene on an oxidizing metal surface.

Graphene, the thinnest possible anticorrosion and gas-permeation barrier, is poised to transform the protective coatings industry for a variety of surface applications. In this work, we have studied the structural changes of graphene when the underlying copper surface undergoes oxidation upon heating. Single-layer graphene directly grown on a copper surface by chemical vapour deposition was annealed under ambient atmosphere conditions up to 400 °C.

Overview of computational vaccinology: vaccine development through information technology.

Pathogenic organisms, causes of various infectious diseases, possess a rich repository of antigenic proteins that engender an immune response in a host. These types of diseases are usually treated with the use of pharmaceuticals; unfortunately, many of these also have a potential to induce fatal side effects, especially allergic responses in the diseased host. In addition, many pathogens evolve (by selective survival) single or multi-drug resistance (MDR).

Galectin-1 mediates radiation-related lymphopenia and attenuates NSCLC radiation response.

Purpose: Radiotherapy can result in lymphopenia, which has been linked to poorer survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia is mediated by a tumor-secreted factor, Galectin-1 (Gal-1), which possesses T-cell proapoptotic activities.

Experimental Design: Matched Gal-1 wild-type (WT) or null mice were implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) that either expressed Gal-1 or had Gal-1 stably downregulated.

Accuracy of Conventional MRI in ALS.

Background: There is currently no definite neuroimaging test to detect amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which leads to significant delay in diagnosis, particularly if one takes into account the rapidity of disease evolution. Hyperintensity of the corticospinal tracts (CST) on T2 or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been well described, but data on sensitivity and specificity in larger series is lacking to help guide its application to clinical care.

Methods: We analyzed clinical and MRI data from 64 patients with a definite retrospective diagnosis of ALS.

Comparative evaluation of RetCam vs. gonioscopy images in congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare clarity, exposure and quality of anterior chamber angle visualization in congenital glaucoma patients, using RetCam and indirect gonioscopy images.

Design: Cross-sectional study Participants. Congenital glaucoma patients over age of 5 years.

Loss of anterior gradient 2 (Agr2) expression results in hyperplasia and defective lineage maturation in the murine stomach.

Recent studies of epithelial tissues have revealed the presence of tissue-specific stem cells that are able to establish multiple cell lineages within an organ. The stem cells give rise to progenitors that replicate before differentiating into specific cell lineages. The mechanism by which homeostasis is established between proliferating stem or progenitor cells and terminally differentiated cells is unclear.

Mash1 expression is induced in neuroendocrine prostate cancer upon the loss of Foxa2.

Neuroendocrine (NE) prostate tumors and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostatic adenocarcinomas have been associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we used the TRAMP mouse model that develops NE prostate tumors to identify key factors that can lead to NED. We have previously reported that NE tumors express the forkhead transcription factor, Foxa2, Mash1 (mouse achaete scute homolog-1), as well as Synaptophysin.