Optimization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extraction from human cadavers: Advancing forensic pathology and postmortem analysis.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colourless fluid found in the brain and spinal cord, playing a critical role in forensic pathology. However, peripheral blood is generally prioritized during autopsies, in certain circumstances, such as extensive injury or exsanguination, the blood collection is impossible. In this scenario, CSF becomes invaluable body fluid due to its stability and protected location within the skull and spinal canal and relatively unaffected in the early post-mortem phase.

Machine learning-guided Orbitrap-HRAMS-based metabolomic fingerprinting for geographical origin, variety and tissue specific authentication, and adulteration detection of turmeric and ashwagandha.

The increasing global demand for herbs and spices in food and nutraceutical industries highlights their key functional benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Ensuring authenticity and traceability is essential to counteract challenges such as geographical origin (GO) mislabelling and tissue- or variety-specific adulteration, which can undermine product quality and safety. This study employs LC-Orbitrap-MS-based untargeted metabolomics coupled with machine learning to authenticate the GO, variety, and tissue specificity of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), two widely used food ingredients.

Gaseous exchange-dependent in vitro culture extensively alters plant growth and metabolic landscape revealed by comprehensive metabolomics.

A complex interplay of environmental factors profoundly influences plant cellular metabolism, with gaseous exchange serving as a fundamental physiological process critical to growth and survival. While well-characterized in natural environments, the role of gaseous exchange in plant in-vitro culture remains underexplored. Plant in-vitro culture offers a versatile platform for studying metabolism, where metabolic networks are highly flexible and sensitive to environmental factors.

Interstitial Capillary Congestion and Diffuse Alveolar Damage: Incidental or Factual Findings in the Lungs of Autopsy Cases Positive for Coronavirus Disease-19.

Background: Interstitial capillary congestion and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) were frequently observed in patients who died from Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The research question pertains to observing these findings in COVID-19-positive patients lacking pulmonary symptoms. The histological examination of lung samples from COVID-19-positive patients who do not succumb to COVID-19-related pulmonary complications can provide an answer.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of road safety measures and their impact on the pattern and distribution of extracranial and intracranial hemorrhages in fatal head injury cases in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Introduction: In Uttar Pradesh, India, there are many fatal head injuries as a result of road traffic accidents (RTAs). Studying the pattern and distribution of intracranial hemorrhages, a frequent complication of severe head trauma might provide vital information on the efficacy of traffic safety regulations. To improve road safety tactics and lower fatal head injuries in Uttar Pradesh, this study intends to assess the effect of road safety measures on the frequency and distribution of intracranial hemorrhages in fatal head injury patients.

Rapid metabolic fingerprinting meets machine learning models to identify authenticity and detect adulteration of essential oils with vegetable oils: Mentha and Ocimum study.

Essential oils (EOs) are gaining popularity due to their potent antibacterial properties, as well as their applications in food preservation and flavor enhancement, offering growth opportunities for the food industry. However, their widespread use as food preservatives is limited by authenticity challenges, primarily stemming from adulteration with cheaper oils. This study investigated a rapid, cost-effective, and non-destructive method for assessing the authenticity of widely used Mentha and Ocimum EOs.

MMO-induced batch and pilot-scale electro-oxidation treatment of municipal wastewater.

The present research aimed to explore the durability of MMO electrodes through electro-oxidation (EO) in purifying secondary treated actual sewage wastewater using batch and pilot-scale setups. The main aim is to inactivate bacteria in sewage treatment plants before they are released into the environment, thus contaminating water and soil. Process parameters such as current density (j), NaCl dose (n), and treatment time (t) were optimized using response surface methodology in a lab-scale EO reactor under batch conditions.

Estimation of Sex From the Buccolingual Dimension of Tooth Among the North Indian Population.

Introduction: Identification is an important aspect of forensic medicine. Identification plays an imperative role, especially in highly decomposed bodies, mutilated bodies, and undisclosed and fragmentary human remains. The estimation of sex is an essential parameter of human identification.

Spectrum of vitriolage in India: A retrospective data record-based study.

Introduction: Vitriolage or acid attack or acid throwing is a gender-based terrible violent crime. There are many everlasting sequels of vitriolage which consist of permanent scarring of the face or body, blindness as well as socioeconomic and psychological intricacy. The sufferer of acid attack is competitor, hatred, enmity or jealousy.

The etiological spectrum of miliary brain lesions: A systematic review of published cases and case series.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the published cases with miliary brain lesions and their etiological factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted using the specified search strategy. Eligibility criteria included cases with miliary lesions in the brain confirmed through neuroimaging and various diagnostic procedures.

Post-mortem interval estimation using miRNAs of road traffic accident cases: A forensic molecular approach.

In forensic examination accurate estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) is a challenging task, particularly in the advanced stages of decomposition. The existing methods (algor mortis, livor mortis, rigor mortis, putrefaction etc) used for estimating PMI rely on analyzing the physical, biochemical, and metabolic changes that occur in the corpse after death. While these methods have shown some level of effectiveness in estimating PMI during the early stages of decomposition, accurate estimation becomes increasingly challenging during the later stages of putrefaction when the body undergoes significant changes.

Introducing machine learning model to response surface methodology for biosorption of methylene blue dye using Triticum aestivum biomass.

A major environmental problem on a global scale is the contamination of water by dyes, particularly from industrial effluents. Consequently, wastewater treatment from various industrial wastes is crucial to restoring environmental quality. Dye is an important class of organic pollutants that are considered harmful to both people and aquatic habitats.

Comparison of Demirjian and Cameriere methods and development of modified Cameriere and Demirjian formula more efficient for North Indian population.

Introduction: Accurate age estimation is of utmost importance in several branches of life, be it disaster victim identification (DVI), sports, fashion, education, and many more. Several studies/formulas have been proposed over the years from various parts of the world and amongst them, Cameriere's method of age estimation is now being accepted globally, and the related work is still one of the most thought about.

Aim: The aim of this study was to access the relationship between dental age (DA) and chronological age using Cameriere and Demirjian age estimation method in the north Indian population and develop a population-specific regression formula and validate it in the north Indian population.

Potential use of foundry sand and furnace blast sand for fabrication of visibly active composite to promote circular economy/waste management for treating real agro-industrial wastewater.

A two-step process of coagulation/flocculation followed by a simultaneous dual process (photocatalysis + photo-Fenton) is developed to treat real pulp and paper (P and P) industry wastewater. The rigid stout color wastewater was treated using a sunlight-responsive and cost-effective Fe-TiO composite using recirculating photoreactor with a total working volume of 4 L. The key point of this study is that the treatment is done in very less time (90 min), and it incorporates the idea of circular economy, as the composite is fabricated out of industrial rejects.

Solar photocatalytic disinfection of real municipal wastewater using highly durable TiO-coated composite in a pilot scale once through reactor.

Pollution of water sources by pathogens is a significant concern worldwide. In the present study, a pilot-scale once-through reactor was fabricated to investigate bacteria's inactivation and the degradation of organic matter present in municipal wastewater using an iron-mediated TiO catalyst in fixed mode. The catalyst was fabricated (in a spherical shape) using waste material such as foundry sand and fly ash and coated with TiO for a combined hybrid effect.

Abatement of paraquat contaminated water using solar assisted heterogeneous photo-Fenton like treatment with iron-containing industrial wastes as catalysts.

Owing to the tremendous increase of chemicals for agricultural practices, the quality of water has degraded significantly and requires inevitable attention. With this in mind, present work aims at treating Paraquat (PQ) contaminated water using Fe containing industrial waste as a catalyst via photo-Fenton treatment. Utilizing the industrially generated Fe rich waste by-products i.

Reflected near-infrared photography: Digging deeper into post-mortem examination.

Aim: This research aims to investigate the utility of the Near Infra-Red (NIR) photographic technique in visualizing forensic evidence in a post-mortem examination.

Material And Methods: A total of twenty-six deceased (male: n = 15; female: n = 11) were brought to the Mortuary of King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India (226003), and were used to investigate the applicability of the human visible spectrum (HVS) & near-infrared photography. In the investigation, a modified Nikon D5300 crop-framed digital single-lens reflex camera was used for NIR Photography in combination with a Micro-Nikkor 105 mm, f/2.

Color removal from secondary treated pulp & paper industry effluent using waste driven Fe-TiO composite.

In the present study, the concurrent fixed-bed dual technology (photocatalysis and photo-Fenton) was performed as a polishing step for the color removal of tertiary treated agro-based paper & pulp industry effluent. For this purpose, the cheap and visibly dynamic Fe-TiO composite was prepared using industrial waste materials which also promoted the idea of the circular economy. The effectiveness of the prepared composite and the dual process was evaluated in terms of color removal efficiency and rate constant along with optimizing the process factors.

Treatment of textile industry wastewater by using high-performance forward osmosis membrane tailored with alpha-manganese dioxide nanoparticles for fertigation.

Forward osmosis (FO) technology has been acknowledged as an energy-efficient cutting-edge water treatment innovation; however, the inefficient performance of polymer-based membranes remains a tailback in the practical utilization of FO. A significant issue in FO is membrane fouling, which negatively influences the flux efficiency, working expenses and membrane life expectancy. Membranes having high water flux and minimum reverse solute flux at low operating pressures are the ideal membranes for this process.

Applications of waste-derived visibly active Fe-TiO composite incorporating the hybrid process of photocatalysis and photo-Fenton for the inactivation of E. coli.

The study reports the applications of waste-derived visibly active Fe-TiO composite for the inactivation of E. coli present in water. The Fe/TiO catalyst holds remarkable properties of in situ hybrid effect via combining the TiO-photocatalytic and photo-Fenton process in one system causing increased production of OH˚.

Fabrication and characterization of high-performance forward-osmosis membrane by introducing manganese oxide incited graphene quantum dots.

Forward osmosis (FO) is the futuristic membrane desalination technology as it transcends the disadvantages of other pressure-driven techniques. But, there still remain critical challenges like fabrication of highly permeable membrane with ideal structures maintaining high rejection rates that need to be addressed for implementation as a practical technology. In this work, novel thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were fabricated by means of incorporating manganese oxide (MnO) incited graphene quantum dots (GQDs) nanocomposite into a cellulose acetate (CA) suspension followed by phase inversion (PI) for enhanced FO performance.

Insights on sustainable approaches for production and applications of value added products.

The increasing demand for the development of sustainable strategies to utilize and process agro-industrial residues paves new paths for exploring innovative approaches in this area. Biotechnology based microbial transformations provide efficient, low cost and sustainable approaches for the production of value added products. The use of organic rich residues opens new avenues for the production of enzymes, pigments, biofuels, bioactive compounds, biopolymers etc.

Dimensionally stable anode (Doped-MMO) mediated electro-oxidation and multi-response optimization study for remediation of urea wastewater.

In the present study, the potential application of novel doped-MMO (Ti/IrO/TaO/SnO-SbO) anodes as an alternative source to costly electrodes have been visualized for the EO treatment of urea. Parametric optimization for the treatment of urea through the EO process by doped-MMO has been done successfully. The high R values of both responses i.

Metals toxicity and its correlation with the gene expression in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population and a leading cause of dementia. Genetics and environmental risk factors were considered to play a major role in the onset of the disease. This study aimed to examine the correlation between different metals levels and the gene expression in Alzheimer's patients with age-matched control subjects.