Ocean surface waves impact on global air-sea CO flux.

Unlabelled: Ocean surface gravity waves facilitate gas exchanges primarily in two ways: (1) the formation of bubbles during wave breaking increases the surface area available for gas exchange, promoting CO transfer, and (2) wave-current interaction processes alter the sea surface partial pressure of CO and gas solubility, consequently affecting the CO flux. This study tests these influences using a global ocean-ice-biogeochemistry model under preindustrial conditions. The simulation results indicate that both wave-current interaction processes and the sea-state-dependent gas transfer scheme-which explicitly accounts for bubble-mediated gas transfer velocity-influence the air-sea CO flux, with substantial spatial and seasonal variations.

Quantifying the role of antecedent Southwestern Indian Ocean capacitance on the summer monsoon rainfall variability over homogeneous regions of India.

The role of ocean variability is at a focal point in improving the weather and climate forecasts at different spatial and temporal scales. We study the effect of antecedent southwestern Indian Ocean mean sea level anomaly (MSLA) and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) as a proxy to upper ocean heat capacitance on all India summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR) during 1993-2019. SSTA and MSLA over the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) have been influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the impact of ENSO-induced SWIO variability was low on rainfall variability over several homogeneous regions.

Outdoor environmental effects on cleanrooms - A study from a Swedish hospital pharmacy compounding unit.

In this study we examined how outdoor climate affects indoor conditions of a cleanroom used for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals in the Uppsala university hospital pharmacy, Sweden. Further objectives were to identify associated risk factors to ensure a consistent extemporaneous manufacturing process. Data for two years from the facility monitoring system (with one minute resolution for temperature, relative humidity (%RH), differential pressure) were compared with meteorological outdoor data from Uppsala (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 60-minute mean data for temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and air pressure).

Turbulence in a small boreal lake: Consequences for air-water gas exchange.

The hydrodynamics within small boreal lakes have rarely been studied, yet knowing whether turbulence at the air-water interface and in the water column scales with metrics developed elsewhere is essential for computing metabolism and fluxes of climate-forcing trace gases. We instrumented a humic, 4.7 ha, boreal lake with two meteorological stations, three thermistor arrays, an infrared (IR) camera to quantify surface divergence, obtained turbulence as dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy () using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and a temperature-gradient microstructure profiler, and conducted chamber measurements for short periods to obtain fluxes and gas transfer velocities ().

The potential future contribution of shipping to acidification of the Baltic Sea.

International regulation of the emission of acidic sulphur and nitrogen oxides from commercial shipping has focused on the risks to human health, with little attention paid to the consequences for the marine environment. The introduction of stricter regulations in northern Europe has led to substantial investment in scrubbers that absorb the sulphur oxides in a counterflow of seawater. This paper examines the consequences of smokestack and scrubber release of acidic oxides in the Baltic Sea according to a range of scenarios for the coming decades.

Can weather generation capture precipitation patterns across different climates, spatial scales and under data scarcity?

Stochastic weather generators can generate very long time series of weather patterns, which are indispensable in earth sciences, ecology and climate research. Yet, both their potential and limitations remain largely unclear because past research has typically focused on eclectic case studies at small spatial scales in temperate climates. In addition, stochastic multi-site algorithms are usually not publicly available, making the reproducibility of results difficult.

Biogeochemical control of the coupled CO2-O 2 system of the Baltic Sea: a review of the results of Baltic-C.

Past, present, and possible future changes in the Baltic Sea acid-base and oxygen balances were studied using different numerical experiments and a catchment-sea model system in several scenarios including business as usual, medium scenario, and the Baltic Sea Action Plan. New CO2 partial pressure data provided guidance for improving the marine biogeochemical model. Continuous CO2 and nutrient measurements with high temporal resolution helped disentangle the biogeochemical processes.