A DiRECT approach to weight loss in a culturally diverse, low-income population: Pilot randomised controlled trial and meta-analysis of similar interventions.

Aims: To consider an intensive lifestyle intervention for weight loss in type 2 diabetes or prediabetes when delivered within a primary care service catering to indigenous (Māori), Pacific, refugee, and low-income clientele.

Materials And Methods: Adults with obesity, type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, and a desire to lose weight were randomised to dietitian-supported usual care or the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)-type intervention (3 months of total diet replacement followed by 9 months of food reintroduction and supported weight loss maintenance). Both interventions included equal dietetic support delivered within primary care.

Legume intakes on cardiometabolic profile and gut microbiome function: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Legumes are widely considered one of the most beneficial food groups to consume. They are high in fibre and plant-based protein as well as naturally low in sodium, saturated fats, and sugars. However, legumes do not feature prominently in the modern diet, and previous evidence syntheses show inconsistent results on cardiometabolic risk profile when increasing legume intakes.

Higher fiber higher carbohydrate diets better than lower carbohydrate lower fiber diets for diabetes management: Rapid review with meta-analyses.

Background: Some dietary recommendations continue to recommend carbohydrate restriction as a cornerstone of dietary advice for people with diabetes.

Purpose: We compared the cardiometabolic effects of diets higher in both fiber and carbohydrate with lower carbohydrate lower fiber diets in type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to June 24, 2024, with additional hand searching.

Experiences and Acceptability of a Weight Loss Intervention for Diabetes (Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial-DiRECT) in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Qualitative Study within a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.

The Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) demonstrated that substantial weight loss and remission from type 2 diabetes can be achieved with low-energy total diet replacement and behavioural support. However, the acceptability of the DiRECT intervention in diverse populations with strong cultural emphases on food and shared eating remains unclear. We conducted a qualitative study nested within a pilot randomised controlled trial of DiRECT in one Māori (the Indigenous people of New Zealand) primary care provider in Aotearoa New Zealand.

The broader health benefits of optimised dietary thresholds proposed for type 2 diabetes prevention in Aotearoa New Zealand: simulation modelling.

Aim: Optimised dietary thresholds for type 2 diabetes prevention exist; however, they likely have additional benefits beyond diabetes prevention. We have modelled the effects of the proposed dietary thresholds on Health-Adjusted Life Years (HALY), health inequities and health system cost in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods: We created a national diet scenario using the optimised thresholds and compared it with current intakes using an established multistate life table.

Healthy grocery delivery in the usual care for adults recovering from an acute coronary event: protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Coronary heart disease is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Appropriate nutrition is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease; however, barriers including cost and access to recommended foods limits long-term adherence for many. We are conducting, in adults with coronary heart disease, a randomised controlled trial comparing usual care with two dietary interventions in which usual care is augmented by 12 weeks free delivered groceries.

The effects of wholegrain processing on appetite: randomised crossover trial in adults with type 2 diabetes.

: Recent observational data indicate higher ultra-processed food intakes are associated with a broad range of adverse health outcomes. Experimental studies on why this might be are lacking. We have considered the effects of wholegrain processing on measures of appetite in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes.

The neglected potential of red and processed meat replacement with alternative protein sources: Simulation modelling and systematic review.

Background: What we eat is fundamental to human and planetary health, with the current global dietary transition towards increased red meat intakes and ultra-processed foods likely detrimental.

Methods: We modelled five red and processed meat replacement scenarios to consider health, equity, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), and cost outcomes using an established multistate life table model using data from New Zealand as a case study of a developed, westernised country. Current red and processed meat intakes were replaced with: minimally or ultra-processed plant based meat alternatives, cellular meat, or diets in line with EAT-Lancet or Heart Foundation recommendations on red meat intake.

Dietary fibre in hypertension and cardiovascular disease management: systematic review and meta-analyses.

Background: Higher dietary fibre intakes are associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and increasing intake has been shown to reduce blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors. The extent to which dietary fibre can further reduce risk for those with CVD and treated with cardioprotective drugs has not been clearly established. We have examined the evidence for dietary fibre as adjunct therapy in those with CVD or hypertension.

Do sleep interventions change sleep duration in children aged 0-5 years? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

This review investigated whether randomised controlled trials attempting to improve sleep or prevent sleep problems in 0-5 year olds influenced nocturnal sleep duration, day-time naps, or 24-h sleep. Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception until 9 July 2020 and supplemented with hand searching. Search results were screened, eligible data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed by at least two reviewers.

Gelatinisation and milling whole-wheat increases postprandial blood glucose: randomised crossover study of adults with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypotheses: We examined the effects of milling and cooking whole grains in water to achieve starch gelatinisation on postprandial blood glucose using a randomised crossover open-label design. Participants were adults with type 2 diabetes whose body weight or medications had not changed in at least 3 months.

Methods: Postprandial blood glucose (measured as incremental AUC [iAUC]) was measured following consumption of four nutrient-matched whole-wheat porridge test-meals.

Dietary fat intakes and cardiovascular disease risk in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Advice regarding the intake of dietary fats is particularly relevant to those with type 2 diabetes, given their increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We have undertaken a systematic review of fat intakes and cardiovascular disease risk in adults with type 2 diabetes using an online search strategy to 24 April 2020, augmented with hand searching. Searches, extraction, and risk of bias assessments were undertaken by two researchers.

Bidirectional associations between sleep quality or quantity, and dietary intakes or eating behaviors in children 6-12 years old: a systematic review with evidence mapping.

Context: Although dietary advice has long been a cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle, how sleep quality and quantity may interact with dietary intake or eating behaviors remains unclear.

Objective: To consider a bidirectional relationship between sleep and diet in children aged 6-12 years via a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.

Data Sources: Relevant trials and observational studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases up to June 1, 2019, without language or date restrictions and supplemented with hand searching.

Blood glucose testing in the community: who are the users and do they have elevated blood glucose?

INTRODUCTION On-the-spot blood glucose testing is a health service performed in public spaces to raise diabetes awareness and screen for elevated blood glucose levels. AIM To describe the users of this service and the frequency of detecting elevated blood glucose. METHODS Data collected at point-of-testing on a standardised form over 20 months in two regions of New Zealand were audited.

Dietary fibre intake in childhood or adolescence and subsequent health outcomes: A systematic review of prospective observational studies.

Aim: To determine whether higher fibre intakes during childhood or adolescence effect a broad range of intermediate markers of cardiometabolic risk or other health related issues.

Materials And Methods: We used online searches up to January 2020 and manual searches to identify prospective observational studies reporting on childhood or adolescent intakes of dietary fibre, vegetables, fruit and refined or whole grains. Outcomes measured later in life were body weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, glycaemia, bone health, cognition, growth and bowel habits.

How do we support walking prescriptions for type 2 diabetes management? Facilitators and barriers following a 3-month prescription.

INTRODUCTION Prescribing physical activity is an inexpensive method to promote patients' long-term health, but determinants of adherence with physical activity prescriptions are seldom considered. AIM To identify facilitators and barriers experienced by adults with type 2 diabetes when prescribed regular walking. METHODS Participants were prescribed a regular walking routine that met current physical activity guidelines for type 2 diabetes management for a period of 3 months.

Whole-Grain Processing and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Objective: To consider the effects of whole-grain processing, specifically milling, on glycemic control in free-living adults with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Participants of this crossover trial were randomized to two interventions of 2 weeks, separated by washout. They were advised to replace the grain foods they normally consumed with intervention foods.

Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: Systematic review and meta-analyses.

Background: Fibre is promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern and in diabetes management. We have considered the role of high-fibre diets on mortality and increasing fibre intake on glycaemic control and other cardiometabolic risk factors of adults with prediabetes or diabetes.

Methods And Findings: We conducted a systematic review of published literature to identify prospective studies or controlled trials that have examined the effects of a higher fibre intake without additional dietary or other lifestyle modification in adults with prediabetes, gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

Bidirectional associations between sleep and dietary intake in 0-5 year old children: A systematic review with evidence mapping.

We have undertaken a systematic review examining the role of diet on sleep, and sleep on diet, in children aged 0-5 y. Controlled trials and cohort or cross-sectional studies were identified with online searches of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL up to 1 June 2019, and hand searching of relevant publications. Searches, extraction, and risk of bias assessments were undertaken independently by at least two researchers.

Wholegrain Particle Size Influences Postprandial Glycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Study Comparing Four Wholegrain Breads.

Objective: Wholegrain foods vary in the extent of processing. We investigated whether wholegrain particle size in bread influences postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Postprandial glycemia (incremental area under the blood glucose curve [iAUC]) was measured after consumption of three breads made with roller-milled wholegrain flour and added grains and a fourth made with stone-ground flour.

Cutaneous Complications With Continuous or Flash Glucose Monitoring Use: Systematic Review of Trials and Observational Studies.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)/flash glucose monitoring (FGM) use in diabetes management is increasing. Cutaneous complications associated with these devices were reported. We conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of cutaneous complications with CGM/FGM use.

The Timing of Activity after Eating Affects the Glycaemic Response of Healthy Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

There is scant information on how a time lag between the cessation of eating and commencement of physical activity affects postprandial glycaemia. Starting at baseline (t = 0), participants ingested white bread containing 50 g of available carbohydrates within 10 min. Using two crossover conditions, we tested the effect over 2 h on postprandial glycaemia of participants undertaking light activity at 15 or 45 min following baseline and compared it with a sedentary control condition.