Comparative genomics and metabolomics reveal phytohormone production, nutrient acquisition, and osmotic stress tolerance in W5.

Introduction: Concerns about ecological degradation and reduced biodiversity have intensified the search for sustainable solutions in agriculture. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offers a promising alternative to enhance soil quality and crop yield while reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers.

Methods: Here, we characterize the plant growth-promoting potential of W5 through comparative genomics, in vitro experiments, and metabolomic analyses.

Single-nucleus analysis reveals oxidative stress in Down syndrome basal forebrain neurons at birth.

Introduction: Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are integral to learning, attention, and memory, and are prone to degeneration in Down syndrome (DS), Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that lead to the degeneration of these neurons are not known.

Methods: Single-nucleus gene expression and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC) sequencing were performed on postmortem human basal forebrain from unaffected control and DS tissue samples at 0-2 years of age (n = 4 each).

Molecular and cellular processes disrupted in the early postnatal Down syndrome prefrontal cortex.

Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and is characterized by early-onset delays in motor, cognitive, and language development. The molecular mechanisms underlying these neurodevelopmental impairments remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized single-nucleus multiomic sequencing to simultaneously profile gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the Down syndrome prefrontal cortex during early postnatal development, a critical period for synaptogenesis, neural maturation, and developmental neuroimmune interactions.

Adaptive Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks in Mammalian Neocortical Neurons.

Mammals have evolved a plethora of adaptations that have enabled them to thrive in diverse environments. Among the most significant is the emergence of a more complex brain, exemplified by the dramatic transformation of the dorsal cortex from a single layer of excitatory projection neurons (ExNs) in ancestors to a multilayered cerebral neocortex enriched with diverse intratelencephalic (IT) and extratelencephalic (ET) ExN subtypes. These ExNs established specialized projection systems, such as the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum, enhancing brain connectivity and functionality.

Synaptic potentiation of engram cells is necessary and sufficient for context fear memory.

The nature and distribution of the synaptic changes that underlie memory are not well understood. Here we examine the synaptic plasticity behind context fear conditioning in male and female mice and find that new learning produces synaptic potentiation specifically onto engram neurons in the basolateral amygdala. This potentiation lasts at least 7 days, is reversed by extinction, and its disruption impairs memory recall.

Multimodal analyses reveal genes driving electrophysiological maturation of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for myriad high-cognitive functions and is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, using Patch-seq and single-nucleus multiomic analyses, we identified genes and regulatory networks governing the maturation of distinct neuronal populations in the PFC of rhesus macaque. We discovered that specific electrophysiological properties exhibited distinct maturational kinetics and identified key genes underlying these properties.

A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis.

Humans have evolved an extraordinarily expanded and complex cerebral cortex associated with developmental and gene regulatory modifications. Human accelerated regions (HARs) are highly conserved DNA sequences with human-specific nucleotide substitutions. Although there are thousands of annotated HARs, their functional contribution to species-specific cortical development remains largely unknown.

Early mobilization after skin graft for burn injury in adults.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of early mobilization after skin graft for burn injury in adults.

Single-nucleus analysis reveals oxidative stress in Down syndrome basal forebrain neurons at birth.

Introduction: Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are integral to learning, attention, and memory, and are prone to degeneration in Down syndrome (DS), Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that lead to the degeneration of these neurons are not known.

Methods: Single-nucleus gene expression and ATAC sequencing were performed on postmortem human basal forebrain from unaffected control and DS tissue samples at 0-2 years of age (n=4 each).

Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon for the Management of In-Stent Coronary Restenosis: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: Drug-coated balloons present a potentially advantageous therapeutic approach for managing coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, the comparative benefits of paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCBs) over uncoated balloons (UCBs) remain unclear.

Aims: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of patients treated with PCBs and UCBs.

Evolutionary innovations in the primate dopaminergic system.

The human brain has evolved unique capabilities compared to other vertebrates. The mechanistic basis of these derived traits remains a fundamental question in biology due to its relevance to the origin of our cognitive abilities and behavioral repertoire, as well as to human-specific aspects of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Comparisons of the human brain to those of nonhuman primates and other mammals have revealed that differences in the neuromodulatory systems, especially in the dopaminergic system, may govern some of these behavioral and cognitive alterations, including increased vulnerability to certain brain disorders.

Subcutaneous versus transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is an alternative to a transvenous implantable cardio defibrillator (TV-ICD). An S-ICD reduces the risk of transvenous lead placement. However, further research is required to determine how S-ICDs affect patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

CGG repeats in the human FMR1 gene regulate mRNA localization and cellular stress in developing neurons.

The human genome has many short tandem repeats, yet the normal functions of these repeats are unclear. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene contains polymorphic CGG repeats, the length of which has differing effects on FMR1 expression and human health, including the neurodevelopmental disorder fragile X syndrome. We deleted the CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene (0CGG) in human stem cells and examined the effects on differentiated neurons.

A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis.

Humans evolved an extraordinarily expanded and complex cerebral cortex, associated with developmental and gene regulatory modifications . Human accelerated regions (HARs) are highly conserved genomic sequences with human-specific nucleotide substitutions. Although there are thousands of annotated HARs, their functional contribution to human-specific cortical development is largely unknown .

Prediction and biological analysis of yeast VDAC1 phosphorylation.

The mitochondrial outer membrane protein porin 1 (Por1), the yeast orthologue of mammalian voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is the major permeability pathway for the flux of metabolites and ions between cytosol and mitochondria. In yeast, several Por1 phosphorylation sites have been identified. Protein phosphorylation is a major modification regulating a variety of biological activities, but the potential biological roles of Por1 phosphorylation remains unaddressed.

A novel SMARCC1 BAFopathy implicates neural progenitor epigenetic dysregulation in human hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephalus, characterized by cerebral ventriculomegaly, is the most common disorder requiring brain surgery in children. Recent studies have implicated SMARCC1, a component of the BRG1-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodelling complex, as a candidate congenital hydrocephalus gene. However, SMARCC1 variants have not been systematically examined in a large patient cohort or conclusively linked with a human syndrome.

Human-specific features and developmental dynamics of the brain N-glycome.

Comparative "omics" studies have revealed unique aspects of human neurobiology, yet an evolutionary perspective of the brain N-glycome is lacking. We performed multiregional characterization of rat, macaque, chimpanzee, and human brain N-glycomes using chromatography and mass spectrometry and then integrated these data with complementary glycotranscriptomic data. We found that, in primates, the brain N-glycome has diverged more rapidly than the underlying transcriptomic framework, providing a means for rapidly generating additional interspecies diversity.

Generation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons from human pluripotent stem cells.

Central norepinephrine (NE) neurons, located mainly in the locus coeruleus (LC), are implicated in diverse psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and are an emerging target for drug discovery. To facilitate their study, we developed a method to generate 40-60% human LC-NE neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. The approach depends on our identification of ACTIVIN A in regulating LC-NE transcription factors in dorsal rhombomere 1 (r1) progenitors.

Dual PPRαϒ Agonists for the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Saroglitazar is a novel medication for dyslipidemia, but its specific effects remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar for managing dyslipidemia. The PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 2 and 4 mg of saroglitazar with placebos for treating dyslipidemia.