Where Do We Stand?: Antiracism in Health Science Education in 2024.

Before 2020, health science education rarely addressed systemic racism in its curricula, scholarly publications, or policies. This lack of recognition contributed to ongoing health disparities. Public health and nursing were the first fields to directly address the issue at a professional organization level and through scholarly investigation; other professions took minimal significant action.

Cavernous Hemangioma of the Anal Canal Mimicking a Neoplasm: A Rare Cause of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Successfully Treated With Transanal Excision.

Cavernous hemangiomas of the anal canal are exceptionally rare vascular malformations that may present with chronic rectal bleeding and are often misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids or neoplastic lesions. We report the case of a 75-year-old female patient with a one-year history of painless rectal bleeding and a soft polypoid lesion located 2 cm from the anal verge, within the anterior wall of the anal canal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a hyperintense pseudonodular lesion consistent with a vascular malformation.

Women of Color and Intersectionality Initiative: A Workgroup Report on the Continued Need to Support and Retain Women of Color.

Unprecedented stressors have significantly impacted our nation. These occurrences compounded the prepandemic structural factors that disproportionately affect historically, economically, and socially marginalized communities of color and women as highlighted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In response, health care organizations and regulatory bodies have shifted from the quadruple aim to the quintuple aim to conceptualize health care improvement by adding to the prioritizing of the health workforce's well-being and advancing health equity (Nundy, Cooper, & Mate, 2022).

Treatment persistence, adherence and healthcare resource utilisation for iGlarLixi versus basal-bolus insulin or premixed insulin in older adult ethnic minorities with type 2 diabetes: SoliEthnicity study.

Aims: Most type 2 diabetes (T2D) studies have predominantly enrolled White people aged <65 years. This retrospective study evaluated outcomes for iGlarLixi (fixed-ratio combination [FRC] of insulin glargine 100 U/mL and lixisenatide) versus basal-bolus or premixed insulin in African American, Asian and Hispanic adults with T2D aged ≥65 years.

Methods: Medicare claims data were assessed from beneficiaries receiving basal insulin who newly initiated iGlarLixi, basal-bolus insulin, or premixed insulin between 7/1/2019 and 12/30/2021.

The haplolethal gene wupA of Drosophila exhibits potential as a target for an X-poisoning gene drive.

A synthetic gene drive that targets haplolethal genes on the X chromosome can skew the sex ratio toward males. Like an "X-shredder," it does not involve "homing," and that has advantages including the reduction of gene drive resistance allele formation. We examine this "X-poisoning" strategy by targeting 4 of the 11 known X-linked haplolethal/haplosterile genes of Drosophila melanogaster with CRISPR/Cas9.

Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project.

First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses.

Hypoxia induces DOT1L in articular cartilage to protect against osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide, and it is a leading source of pain and disability. To date, this disease lacks curative treatment, as underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L protects against osteoarthritis, and DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation is reduced in human and mouse osteoarthritic joints.

Advancing Women to Leadership Positions Through Individual Actions and Institutional Reform.

Women in medicine experience disparities in the workplace and in achieving leadership roles. They face challenges related to climate and culture, equitable compensation, work-life integration, opportunities for professional development and advancement, and occupational and systemic factors that can lead to burnout. Without specific resources to support women's development and advancement and promote conducive workplace climates, efforts to recruit, retain, and promote women physicians into leadership roles may be futile.

Alteration in the Culex pipiens transcriptome reveals diverse mechanisms of the mosquito immune system implicated upon Rift Valley fever phlebovirus exposure.

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) causes an emerging zoonotic disease and is mainly transmitted by Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. While Aedes aegypti-dengue virus (DENV) is the most studied model, less is known about the genes involved in infection-responses in other mosquito-arboviruses pairing. The main objective was to investigate the molecular responses of Cx.

Evidence of Zika virus horizontal and vertical transmission in from Spain but not infectious virus in saliva of the progeny.

mosquitoes have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector for Zika virus (ZIKV) in different countries, but there are still some gaps related to the importance of in ZIKV transmission. Recent studies on Spanish populations showed controversial results for ZIKV transmission and no studies have been performed yet to detect infectious ZIKV in saliva of progeny of infected female mosquitoes. Herein, the horizontal transmission (HT) and vertical transmission (VT) of ZIKV in field-collected mosquitoes from Spain were evaluated for ZIKV strains (African I and Asian lineages) to better estimate the risk of ZIKV transmission by .

COVID-19 and Ischemic Stroke: Clinical and Neuroimaging Findings.

Background And Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 causes multiorgan disease due to altered coagulability and microangiopathy. Patients may have an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Our objective was to analyze clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of patients with ischemic CVA during the pandemic peak in our region, in order to identify atypical presentations.

Laboratory colonization and maintenance of Anopheles atroparvus from the Ebro Delta, Spain.

Background: Historically, Anopheles atroparvus has been considered one of the most important malaria vectors in Europe. Since malaria was eradicated from the European continent, the interest in studying its vectors reduced significantly. Currently, to better assess the potential risk of malaria resurgence on the continent, there is a growing need to update the data on susceptibility of indigenous Anopheles populations to imported Plasmodium species.

Field-captured Aedes vexans (Meigen, 1830) is a competent vector for Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in Europe.

Background: Aedes vexans (Meigen) is considered a nuisance species in central Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is an anthropophilic and mammalophilic floodwater mosquito involved in the transmission of several arboviruses. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a relevant mosquito-borne zoonosis, affecting mainly humans and ruminants, that causes severe impact in public health and economic loses.

European Aedes caspius mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit Zika virus.

Background: Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771) is a floodwater mosquito species widely distributed in the Western Palaearctic. As an anthropophilic species, its role as an arbovirus vector may be the key for understanding the transmission cycle of certain diseases in Europe such as Zika virus (ZIKV). Concerning vector competence for ZIKV, studies related to Ae.

The Role of Health Policies in Faith-based Institutions in Promoting Health and Changing Food Practices: The Philadelphia Ujima Experience.

Background: The Philadelphia Ujima Health Collaborative uses a community-based participatory research framework to address nutrition in underserved communities. Participation in individual-level focused health promotion activities motivated two faith-based partners to develop wellness policies to better inform their health promoting practices, specifically around food served at church events.

Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of church-based policies in influencing 1) organizational practices regarding food and beverages served and sold and 2) individual attitudes and practices toward healthy eating.

Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls: Results of a randomized controlled trial.

This study examined the efficacy of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls, an anger management and aggression reduction treatment designed to meet the unique needs of adolescent girls in residential juvenile justice facilities. This randomized controlled trial of JJAM compared changes in levels of anger and aggression among girls who participated in the JJAM treatment with those of girls who participated in treatment as usual (TAU) at the facilities. This study also investigated the theoretical model underlying the JJAM treatment, which proposed that reductions in hostile attribution biases, development of emotion regulation skills, and improvement in social problem solving would serve as mechanisms of action in JJAM.

Culex flavivirus infection in a Culex pipiens mosquito colony and its effects on vector competence for Rift Valley fever phlebovirus.

Background: Rift Valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects domestic ruminants and humans. Culex flavivirus is an insect-specific flavivirus that naturally exists in field mosquito populations. The influence of Culex flavivirus on Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) vector competence of Culex pipiens has not been investigated.

The influence of the image registration method on the adaptive radiotherapy. A proof of the principle in a selected case of prostate IMRT.

Purpose: To analyse the influence of the image registration method on the adaptive radiotherapy of an IMRT prostate treatment, and to compare the dose accumulation according to 3 different image registration methods with the planned dose.

Material And Methods: The IMRT prostate patient was CT imaged 3 times throughout his treatment. The prostate, PTV, rectum and bladder were segmented on each CT.

On surmounting the barriers to HPV vaccination: we can do better.

The major impediment to increased human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in young males and females is lack of health care provider recommendation. Despite its efficacy in preventing cervical cancer, HPV vaccination in females (49.5%) and males (37.

Promoting Policy Development through Community Participatory Approaches to Health Promotion: The Philadelphia Ujima Experience.

Background: The Philadelphia Ujima Coalition for a Healthier Community (Philadelphia Ujima) promotes health improvement of girls, women, and their families using a gender framework and community-based participatory research approach to addressing gender-based disparities. Institutional policies developed through community-based participatory research approaches are integral to sustaining gender-integrated health-promotion programs and necessary for reducing gender health inequities. This paper describes the results of a policy analysis of the Philadelphia Ujima coalition partner sites and highlights two case studies.

Workshop summaries from the 2015 Sex and Gender Medical Education Summit: utilization of sex and gender based medical education resources and creating student competencies.

Background: Despite overwhelming evidence that sex and gender are critical factors in the delivery and practice of medicine, there is no unified sex- and gender-based medicine (SGBM) undergraduate medical education curriculum. Two Workshops within the 2015 Sex and Gender Medical Education Summit: a Roadmap to Curricular Innovation sought to lay the framework for such a curriculum.

Methods: Attendees to the Sex and Gender Educational Summit self-selected attendance for one of two Workshops: (A) Utilization of SGBM Resources in U.