Eco-Friendly Medical Conferences: From Principle to Practice.

The large number of medical conferences held per year has a significant impact on the environment. Climate change and global warming then lead to deleterious effects on human health. We aim to highlight that it is our responsibility as doctors to promote eco-friendly events and encourage sustainable practices, thus reducing harm to our environment.

Spinal Dysraphisms: A New Anatomical-Clinicoradiological Classification.

 Spinal dysraphisms refer to the congenital abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord due to aberrations in the processes of gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation. Embryology of many complex spinal dysraphisms are yet poorly understood and there is no agreeable anatomical-clinicoradiological classification with inclusion of recently documented and complex spinal dysraphisms.  The main objective of this study was to review the imaging features of spinal dysraphisms with a better understanding of embryological abnormalities and propose a new classification inclusive of all complex and unusual dysraphisms based on anatomical and clinicoradiological correlation.

Adhesive capsulitis: MRI correlation with clinical stages and proposal of MRI staging.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of adhesive capsulitis with clinical stages and thereby propose a MR staging system.

Materials And Methods: This study consisted of 74 patients with clinically diagnosed adhesive capsulitis. The edema of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL), pericapsular edema, thickness of anterior band of IGHL, axillary pouch, thickness of coracohumeral ligament, and obliteration of fat in the subcoracoid triangle were evaluated by MRI.

Role of 3D SPACE sequence and susceptibility weighted imaging in the evaluation of hydrocephalus and treatment-oriented refined classification of hydrocephalus.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of three-dimensional sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution (3D SPACE) sequence and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) in hydrocephalus and to propose a refined definition and classification of hydrocephalus with relevance to the selection of treatment option.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study of 109 patients with hydrocephalus was performed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain using standardized institutional sequences along with additional sequences 3D SPACE and SWI. The images were independently read by two senior neuroradiologists and the etiopathogenesis of hydrocephalus was arrived by consensus.

Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis-"Redefined".

Study Design: Retrospective single institutional observational study.

Purpose: Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD), a complex spinal dysraphic state caused by notochord malformation disorders, is named after its morphological presentation where a spine segment is dysgenetic, malformed or absent. This study's objective was to examine and reassess SSD imaging findings and correlate them with an embryological explanation.

Pathophysiology and Grading of the Ventral Displacement of Dorsal Spinal Cord Spectrum.

Study Design: A retrospective study of the ventral displacement of dorsal spinal cord (VDDSC) spectrum pathophysiology and grading.

Purpose: This study aimed at examining the pathophysiology of VDDSC between D3 and D7, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlation and severity grading.

Overview Of Literature: The pathologies that lead to VDDSC were previously discussed in various articles.

Diffusion tensor imaging metrics in cystic intracranial mass lesions.

Background And Purpose: Conventional MR does not always differentiate various cystic lesions of brain. Our purpose was to explore the utility of DTI in characterization & differentiation of intra cranial cystic mass lesions.

Materials And Methods: DTI was done with a clinical 1.

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis: A case report and literature review.

Primary leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis (PLO) is a rare low-grade intracranial and spinal canal subarachnoid neoplasm without an obvious primary neoplasm in the brain or spinal cord parenchyma. We present here the serial progression of radiological findings of this rare disease in a 2-year-old male child whose clinical status deteriorated over a period of 4 months with the main complaint of partial seizures. During this period, the MR findings progressed from mild hydrocephalus with minimal leptomeningeal enhancement to leptomeningeal multiple cystic lesions in the entire neuraxis including the spine.

An interesting case of metabolic dystonia: L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA), a neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in the L-2 hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L-2-HGDH) gene, presents with psychomotor retardation, cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal symptoms, macrocephaly and seizures. Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings include subcortical cerebral white matter abnormalities with T2 hyperintensities of the dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and caudate nucleus. The diagnosis can be confirmed by elevated urinary L-2 hydroxyglutaric acid and mutational analysis of the L-2-HGDH gene.