Spontaneous and experimental models of lymph node metastasis.

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a conserved feature across most solid organ malignancies and portends worse prognoses. Functionally, LN metastases induce systemic tumor-specific immune tolerance and may serve as a reservoir for distant metastases. Nonetheless, there are relatively few preclinical models for interrogating the biology of LN metastasis and its systemic effects at various stages of metastatic progression.

Prenatal heat and air pollution exposure alter progesterone and child behavior: A longitudinal study.

Prenatal heat exposure may be linked to childhood behavioral difficulties, but the underlying endocrine mechanisms and moderating effects of air pollution remain poorly understood. This study examined potential interactions between prenatal heat and air pollution in relation to child behavior through alterations in progesterone levels. Data from a birth cohort (Stress in Pregnancy Study, 2009-2014) included 256 children with predominantly racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, recruited from two New York City prenatal clinics.

Cancer therapy and cachexia.

A central challenge in cancer therapy is the effective delivery of anticancer treatments while minimizing adverse effects on patient health. The potential dual impact of therapy is clearly illustrated in cancer-associated cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome characterized by involuntary weight loss, systemic inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and behavioral alterations such as anorexia and apathy. While cachexia research often focuses on tumor-driven mechanisms, the literature indicates that cancer therapies themselves, particularly chemotherapies and targeted treatments, can initiate or exacerbate the biological pathways driving this syndrome.

Weight-Bearing Monitoring Devices in Lower Extremity Fractures: A Scoping Review.

Background: Orthopaedic surgeons commonly prescribe weight-bearing parameters for their patients for a variety of reasons. Weight-bearing may be limited in order to control the healing environment, but advancing a patient's weight-bearing status is preferably done as quickly as possible to maximize functional recovery. However, it is entirely unclear to what extent these prescriptions are followed in practice.

Reduced nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation impairs podocyte force transmission and accelerates detachment in disease.

Podocytes are specialized kidney cells that form the slit diaphragm (SD), an intercellular filtration barrier against plasma protein loss. The SD is subject to significant mechanical strain which can be amplified in disease, leading to podocyte detachment. One key SD protein that might intercept mechanical strain and transmit adhesion signals is nephrin, although its influence on podocyte force transmission remains uncharacterized.

Revisiting nephrin signaling and its specialized effects on the uniquely adaptable podocyte.

Nephrin is a transmembrane Ig-like domain-containing protein that serves as a central structural and signaling scaffold in kidney filtration. First identified in 1998 as mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome, the recent identification of nephrin autoantibodies in acquired kidney diseases has sparked renewed interest in nephrin biology. In specialized cells known as podocytes, nephrin helps establish and maintain the slit diaphragm (SD), a unique cell-cell junction formed between interdigitating cell projections known as foot processes (FPs).

Progress to Date on Cranial Electromagnetic Field Stimulation to Modulate Brain Activity.

Background: The electromagnetic field (EMF) of the brain can be modulated through EMF stimulation. The authors investigate whether longer duration of continuous EMF stimulation using a novel method to identify and provide feedback and adjustment of EMF recording would translate into sustained improvement in EMF patterns, such as higher amplitude with correlating improvement in clinical symptoms or deficits.

Methods: From January 2025 to February 2025, a prospective study enrolled patients greater than 18 years old diagnosed with atraumatic and traumatic brain injury who underwent EMF stimulation within 24 hours of presentation.

Optimal Voltage for Cranial Electromagnetic Field Stimulation to Modulate Brain Activity.

Background The electromagnetic field (EMF) patterns of the animal brain with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be modulated through EMF stimulation. The implication of EMF stimulation is that it can reverse abnormal EMF brain patterns, and this reversal can translate into facilitating a faster clinical recovery. In this paper, the authors applied escalating dosages of voltage stimulation to find the optimal voltage, one that transforms abnormal EMF patterns to normal EMF patterns in patients with atraumatic and traumatic brain injuries.

Real-World Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Clinical Outcomes in US Patients with Stage I-III Resected NSCLC Without Known EGFR Mutations: The RESECT Study.

Background: Immunotherapy has altered the treatment landscape for resectable non-small cell lung cancer, increasing the complexity of treatment planning. Understanding treatment patterns and outcomes prior to the advent of immunotherapy can provide context for assessing the benefit of immunotherapies and other novel agents.

Objective: We aimed to characterize real-world demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer before widespread immunotherapy use.

Optimal Frequency for Cranial Electromagnetic Field Stimulation.

Background Communication among neurons generates electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that can be measured through a noninvasive, portable helmet equipped with 20 sensors. The EMF data reveal a variety of EMF patterns that have yet to be elucidated. Understanding a propagated frequency from the brain and its subunits can assist with diagnosing the brain and its subunits' function and treatment.

Localization of Brain Injuries Using Cranial Electromagnetic Fields.

Background: Atraumatic brain injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been demonstrated to be associated with changes in brain electromagnetic field (EMF) activity due to alterations in the structure and function of neural circuitry. Modulation of abnormal EMF activity through EMF stimulation may promote neural regeneration and may be more beneficial when the specific change in EMF frequency that is correlated with either computed tomography (CT) imaging changes, neurological changes, or both can be precisely localized. The authors investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a noninvasive portable helmet with sensors and built-in signal generators to measure and localize specific changes with frequency and amplitude from brain EMF for both atraumatic and TBI patients.

The methodology and interpretation of radiographic measures for malunion in proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review.

Background: Radiographic imaging is an essential tool for surgeons in classifying injury, guiding treatment decision-making, and assessing for adequate intraoperative reduction. However, the heterogeneity in radiographic outcome measures utilized in clinical studies evaluating proximal humerus fracture treatment has made it difficult for surgeons to interpret and analyze the available evidence, leading to continued controversy in the optimal management of these injuries. The aims of this systematic review are to 1) examine the literature to describe the methods for measuring and interpreting radiographic outcomes for malunion and 2) identify studies that have correlated functional outcome measures and radiographic outcome measures.

Implication of Central β Adrenergic Receptor for the Development of Novel Drugs Against Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive onset of symptoms, including memory loss, accompanied by other neurological impairments. This progression is attributed to the deterioration of neuronal connections and a decrease in neurotransmission. Although this phenomenon has been extensively studied in the cholinergic system, it also affects other neurobiological pathways, particularly adrenergic transmission.

Indirect treatment comparison of oral sebetralstat and intravenous recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor for on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks.

Background: The goal of on-demand treatment for hereditary angioedema attacks is to halt attack progression to minimize morbidity and mortality. Four on-demand treatments have been approved thus far (ecallantide, icatibant, recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor [rhC1INH], and plasma-derived C1INH). Results from the sebetralstat phase 3 KONFIDENT trial (NCT05259917) have been reported.

A population pharmacokinetic analysis to evaluate the impact of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of iberdomide.

Iberdomide, a novel potent cereblon E3 ligase modulator, is under investigation for multiple myeloma. This study assessed how renal impairment (RI) affects iberdomide pharmacokinetics (PK). Twenty-six subjects with varying renal function, including those with severe renal impairment and those requiring intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), received a single oral 1 mg dose of iberdomide.

A multiomic atlas identifies a treatment-resistant, bone marrow progenitor-like cell population in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Refractoriness to initial chemotherapy and relapse after remission are the main obstacles to curing T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). While tumor heterogeneity has been implicated in treatment failure, the cellular and genetic factors contributing to resistance and relapse remain unknown. Here we linked tumor subpopulations with clinical outcome, created an atlas of healthy pediatric hematopoiesis and applied single-cell multiomic analysis to a diverse cohort of 40 T-ALL cases.

Complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fracture: A survey of current practices.

Introduction: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a common complication following distal radius fractures that is difficult to diagnose and can lead to permanent disability. While various proposed prophylaxis and treatment modalities exist, high-quality evidence guiding practice is limited. This survey of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) and Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA) members was conducted with the primary aim of assessing practice patterns in distal radius fractures complicated with CRPS.

Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in African American Patients: a Single Institution Experience.

Background: The incidence of obesity in African Americans (AAs) is higher than in non-AA in the USA. Previous studies using large national databases report that AA patients have worse outcomes than non-AA patients.

Objectives: To assess perioperative outcomes among AA patients after MBS at a center of excellence (COE) that serves a large, diverse patient population.

Multidisciplinary Velopharyngeal Dysfunction Evaluation Helps Detect Non-classic Cases of 22q11.2 Deletion.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of multidisciplinary velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) assessment in diagnosing 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q) in children.DesignRetrospective cohort study.

Pipkin IV fracture dislocation of the hip in a football athlete - A case report.

Pipkin type IV fracture dislocation of the hip is a rare, high-energy injury, that is associated with poor functional outcomes and complications. We report a case of a 20-year old male quarterback who sustained a Pipkin type IV fracture dislocation during a football game. He underwent immediate closed reduction, transfer to a Level I trauma centre, surgical management, and progressive rehabilitation.

Correction: Intestinal microbiome profiles in broiler chickens raised without antibiotics exhibit altered microbiome dynamics relative to conventionally raised chickens.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Unlocking the potential: exploring the impact of dolutegravir treatment on body mass index improvement in underweight adults with HIV in Malawi.

Background: The introduction of dolutegravir (DTG) in treating HIV has shown enhanced efficacy and tolerability. This study examined changes in weight gain and body mass index (BMI) at 6- and 12-months after post-initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), comparing people living with HIV (PLHIV) on DTG-based regimens with those on non-DTG-based regimens in Malawi.

Methods: Retrospective cohort data from 40 public health facilities in Malawi were used, including adult ART patients (aged ≥ 15 years) from January 2017 to March 2020.