Body size and intracranial volume interact with the structure of the central nervous system: A multi-center in vivo neuroimaging study.

Clinical research emphasizes the implementation of rigorous and reproducible study designs that rely on between-group matching or controlling for sources of biological variation such as subject's sex and age. However, corrections for body size (i.e.

Bulk-Rashba Effect with Suppressed Spin Relaxation in a Polar Phase of Bi In O.

The Rashba effect enables control over the spin degree of freedom, particularly in polar materials where the polar symmetry couples to Rashba-type spin splitting. The exploration of this effect, however, has been hindered by the scarcity of polar materials exhibiting the bulk-Rashba effect and rapid spin-relaxation effects dictated by the D'yakonov-Perel mechanism. Here, a polar LiNbO-type R3c phase of Bi In O with x ≈0.

Anti-CSF-1R therapy with combined immuno- chemotherapy coordinate an adaptive immune response to eliminate macrophage enriched Triple Negative Breast Cancers.

Patients diagnosed with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) have limited treatment options, are more prone to develop resistance and are associated with high mortality. A cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characterized by low T cells and high tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in mTNBC is associated with the failure of standard-of-care chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. We demonstrate that the combination of immunomodulatory metronomic Cyclophosphamide (CTX) coupled with anti-CSF-1R antibody targeted therapy (SNDX-ms6352) and anti-PD-1 (ICB), was highly effective against aggressive metastatic syngeneic null TNBC genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that present with high macrophage infiltration.

Intraoperative nasogastric tube in robotic thoracic surgery: lower gastrointestinal risk without added respiratory risk.

Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are a leading cause of postoperative morbidity in thoracic surgery patients. Robotic thoracic surgery, with CO2 insufflation, may heighten GI risks, such as ileus or bowel obstruction. Intraoperative nasogastric tube (iNGT) use has the potential to mitigate these risks by reducing gastric content and preventing aspiration.

A revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Viereck (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of 102 new species.

The parasitoid wasp genus is currently the second most speciose within the subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with 366 world species known so far, but with hundreds awaiting to be described. Here, the fauna of the Neotropical region is revised, with an emphasis in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica. In addition to 23 species previously recorded from the Neotropics, 102 additional species are described as new, increasing the regional and world richness to 125 and 468 species, respectively.

Complementary Fluorescent Probe Pair Targeting Histidinol Dehydrogenase Provides a Useful Tool for Target Validation.

Recent advances in target-based pesticide design have identified numerous novel candidate targets, although their agrochemical potential requires rigorous validation. Fluorescent probes serve as critical tools for tracing molecular interactions and elucidating the target functionality. Herein, we developed a complementary fluorescent probe pair ( and ) to systematically reveal the challenge of targeting histidinol dehydrogenase (HDH) as an agrochemical target.

A comparative analysis of dune toe extraction methodologies and implications for assessment of foredune dynamics.

An acceleration in Sea Level Rise (SLR) and change in storm activity is likely to increase erosion and flood hazards over the coming decades, representing a significant economic burden and threat to coastal environments globally. Foredune systems may mitigate hazards by providing a natural flood protection to back barrier resources, but only if they can maintain their volume and elevation in pace with SLR and changing storm climates. The beach-dune interface, or dune toe (dt), is an important process boundary that has been used to classify and assess the resiliency of coastal landscapes, however, concerns with inconsistent methodologies have been raised in several recent works.

Cryptic diversity of Leurus wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae), parasitoids of caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

As a consequence of COI barcoding hundreds of reared specimens of what appeared to be Leurus caeruliventris, a parasitoid of leaf-rolling Crambidae (Lepidoptera) from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, and matching them with their host caterpillars and morphological traits, we describe ten new sympatric species and redescribe L. caeruliventris. The new species, authored by Zuñiga & Valerio, are: Leurus billeberhardi, L.

Intrauterine growth-restricted pregnant rats, from placental ischemic dams, display preeclamptic-like symptoms: A new rat model of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by de novo hypertension (HTN) and is often associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Hallmarks of PE are placental ischemia, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress (OS), and organ damage in the kidneys and brain. This study aims to characterize a new model of PE using pregnant IUGR rats from hypertensive placental ischemic dams.

Variation in Mentions of Race and Ethnicity in Notes in Intensive Care Units Across a Health Care System.

Background: Social constructs like race can affect how patients are perceived and impact care. This study investigated whether mentions of race in notes for critically ill patients differed according to patients' race.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included intensive care unit notes for adults (≥18 years old) admitted to any of 6 intensive care units at University of California, San Francisco, from 2012 through 2020.

CREB-binding protein/P300 bromodomain inhibition reduces neutrophil accumulation and activates antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer.

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been shown to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression, and a high TAN frequency predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysregulation of CREB-binding protein (CBP)/P300 function has been observed with multiple cancer types. The bromodomain (BRD) of CBP/P300 has been shown to regulate its activity.

"My Mom Is a Fighter": A Qualitative Analysis of the Use of Combat Metaphors in ICU Clinician Notes.

Background: A metaphor conceptualizes one, typically abstract, experience in terms of another, more concrete, experience with the goal of making it easier to understand. Although combat metaphors have been well described in some health contexts, they have not been well characterized in the setting of critical illness.

Research Question: How do clinicians use combat metaphors when describing critically ill patients and families in the electronic health record?

Study Design And Methods: We included notes written about patients aged 18 years or older admitted to ICUs within a large hospital system from 2012 through 2020.

Enhancing interprofessional interagency collaboration for minoritized and low-income children with chronic illnesses.

Children with chronic illnesses present unique health, psychosocial, and learning challenges. Due to the complexities surrounding their needs, these children and their families often encounter multilayered barriers when accessing educational services and health care management. Medical-family-school interprofessional interagency collaborations (IIC) are needed to facilitate information sharing across institutions, treatment alignment among care partners, and equitable and high-quality school-based service delivery.

Global arthropod beta-diversity is spatially and temporally structured by latitude.

Global biodiversity gradients are generally expected to reflect greater species replacement closer to the equator. However, empirical validation of global biodiversity gradients largely relies on vertebrates, plants, and other less diverse taxa. Here we assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of global arthropod biodiversity dynamics using a beta-diversity framework.

CBP/P300 BRD Inhibition Reduces Neutrophil Accumulation and Activates Antitumor Immunity in TNBC.

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been shown to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression, and a high TAN frequency predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysregulation of CREB binding protein (CBP)/P300 function has been observed with multiple cancer types. The bromodomain (BRD) of CBP/P300 has been shown to regulate its activity.

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Convergent Validity of an Ecological Momentary Assessment Binge-Eating Symptoms Scale.

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of binge-eating symptoms has deepened our understanding of eating disorders. However, there has been a lack of attention on the psychometrics of EMA binge-eating symptom measures. This paper focused on evaluating the psychometric properties of a four-item binge-eating symptom measure, including multilevel factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity.

Revision of Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae) and 33 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica with a key to known North and Mesoamerican species.

Background: This revision is part of a continuing series of taxonomic work aimed at the description of new taxa and the redescription of known taxa of the Tachinidae of Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. Here we describe 33 new species in the genus Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Tachinidae). All species described here were reared from this ongoing inventory of wild-caught caterpillars spanning a variety of families (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Eupterotidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae).

Exploratory immunogenicity outcomes of peanut oral immunotherapy: Findings from the PALISADE trial.

Background: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) to peanut and its components may influence the clinical reactivity to peanut. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is known for modifying both IgE and IgG4. Peanut oral immunotherapy may influence these serological parameters.

Entropic Effects on Diamine Dynamics and CO Capture in Diamine-Appended Mg(dopbdc) Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Recent measurements [Xu, J.; 2019, 10 (22), 7044-7049] have reported temperature-dependent rates of detachment of diamine from Mg sites in diamine-appended Mg(dobpdc) [dobpdc = 4,4'-dihydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-3,3'-dicarboxylic] metal-organic frameworks, a process hypothesized to be a precursor for cooperative CO adsorption, leading to step-shaped isotherms or isobars. Here, we compute the rate of diamine exchange in this system for different diamines using metadynamics simulations based on a density functional theory-derived neural network potential.

Measuring Implicit Bias in ICU Notes Using Word-Embedding Neural Network Models.

Background: Language in nonmedical data sets is known to transmit human-like biases when used in natural language processing (NLP) algorithms that can reinforce disparities. It is unclear if NLP algorithms of medical notes could lead to similar transmissions of biases.

Research Question: Can we identify implicit bias in clinical notes, and are biases stable across time and geography?

Study Design And Methods: To determine whether different racial and ethnic descriptors are similar contextually to stigmatizing language in ICU notes and whether these relationships are stable across time and geography, we identified notes on critically ill adults admitted to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), from 2012 through 2022 and to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital (BIDMC) from 2001 through 2012.

Large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid enter the optic nerve but not the retina of mice.

It has been proposed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can enter and leave the retina and optic nerve along perivascular spaces surrounding the central retinal vessels as part of an aquaporin-4 (AQP4) dependent ocular 'glymphatic' system. Here, we injected fluorescent dextrans and antibodies into the CSF of mice at the cisterna magna and measured their distribution in the optic nerve and retina. We found that uptake of dextrans in the perivascular spaces and parenchyma of the optic nerve is highly sensitive to the cisternal injection rate, where high injection rates, in which dextran disperses fully in the sub-arachnoid space, led to uptake along the full length of the optic nerve.