Self-control duration and implicit willpower assumptions in the cognitive association between self-control and decreased vitality.

Based on the schema model of self-control, recent research has shown that people cognitively associate self-control exertion with a subsequent decrease in perceived vitality. The present study aimed to replicate this effect and extend it by testing two additional hypotheses: greater exertion of self-control would be cognitively associated with a more pronounced decline in perceived vitality, and endorsement of a limited-resource theory would be negatively related to perceived subjective vitality in self-control situations. Participants (N = 143) read two vignettes describing a fictitious character who either exerted self-control (typing with an unfamiliar AZERTY keyboard) or did not (typing with a familiar QWERTZ keyboard).

Further Evidence for the Dark-Ego-Vehicle Principle: Higher Pathological Narcissistic Grandiosity and Virtue Signaling Are Related to Greater Involvement in LGBQ and Gender Identity Activism.

The dark-ego-vehicle principle (DEVP) suggests that individuals with so-called dark personalities (e.g., high narcissistic traits) are attracted to political and social activism that they can repurpose to satisfy their specific ego-focused needs (e.

Comparison of human hair cortisol concentration stability for 1-year and 2-year test-retest intervals.

Human hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has previously been found to be highly stable for a 1-year interval (r = 0.73) in terms of a product-moment correlation. The present study aimed to replicate this finding and compare HCC stability regarding 1-year and 2-year test-retest intervals.

From autistic pragmatic language problems to a negative attitude toward human nature-a serial multiple mediation model.

It has recently been found that individuals high in autistic traits tend to believe that they are usually not treated fairly. In the present study, it is assumed that such a lowered personal belief in a just world is based on cumulative humiliation experiences that stem from autistic pragmatic language problems (e.g.

Self-Control Capacity Moderates the Effect of Stereotype Threat on Female University Students' Worry During a Math Performance Situation.

Stereotype threat is a possible reason for difficulties faced by girls and women in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The threat experienced due to gender can cause elevated worry during performance situations. That is, if the stereotype that women are not as good as men in math becomes salient, this stereotype activation draws women's attention to task-irrelevant worry caused by the fear of conforming to the negative stereotype.

Measuring Motivation for Cognitive Effort as State.

People's motivation to engage in cognitive effort is a variable which is relevant in different psychological domains (e.g., social cognition research).

Autistic Traits Predict Social-Contact Uncertainty in University Students.

Social anxiety (alternatively: ) in the university context can lead to reduced health, well-being, and performance, and can even cause premature leaving of education. With the present study, we intended to supplement cross-sectional studies on students' autistic traits and social anxiety with longitudinal findings. We measured autistic traits and social-contact uncertainty of 118 university students on two occasions, roughly 1 year apart.

The Cognitive Association Between Effortful Self-Control and Decreased Vitality.

According to the schema model of self-control, individuals' self-control efforts activate the fatigue/decreased vitality schema. A precondition for this schema activation is that the cognitive concepts of self-control effort and decreased vitality are associated in individuals' minds. In the present two studies, the existence of such a cognitive association was tested.

Perceived Self-Control Effort, Subjective Vitality, and General Affect in an Associative Structure.

A crucial assumption of the recently developed is that people's perceived self-control efforts are related to the experience of lowered subjective vitality. In the present study, this assumption was tested. It was also examined whether perceived self-control effort is related to a diffuse affective experience (i.

Test Anxiety in Autistic University Students-Preliminary Results from a German-Speaking Sample.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with increased levels of anxiety. However, whether autism is related to heightened test anxiety as one situation-specific type of anxiety has not yet been examined. This question may be relevant for the achievement and well-being of autistic people in educational settings (e.

Less Illusion of a Just World in People with Formally Diagnosed Autism and Higher Autistic Traits.

People differ in how strongly they believe that, in general, one gets what (s)he deserves (i.e., individual differences in the general belief in a just world).

A Schema-Activation Approach to Failure and Success in Self-Control.

Numerous studies confirm the so-called ego depletion effect (i.e., self-control is impaired after an initial unrelated self-control task).

Preliminary Indications That First Semester Students From Academic Households Exhibit Higher Hair Cortisol Concentrations Than Their Peers From Nonacademic Households.

Previous research has extensively addressed social disparity in education using certain aspects, including the stress differences between students from nonacademic families and those from academic families during the transition from secondary school to a university. However, this issue has not yet been fully understood; the current literature suggests contradictory predictions, and physiological indicators of stress have never been assessed. Therefore, we tested whether hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) in first semester students from nonacademic families are different from those of first semester students from academic families during their first six weeks at university.

Speeded reasoning moderates the inverse relationship between autistic traits and emotion recognition.

Autistic people typically have difficulty recognizing other people's emotions and to process nonverbal cues in an automatic, intuitive fashion. This usually also applies to people who-regardless of an official diagnosis of autism-achieve high values in autism questionnaires. However, some autistic people do not seem to have any problems with emotion recognition.

A Personality Trait-Based Network of Boredom, Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind-Wandering.

This article reports the translation into German and validation of two self-report measures of mind-wandering and boredom (the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind-Wandering Scales and the Short Boredom Proneness Scale). Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the original conceptualization of the constructs. To evaluate measurement invariance across samples, data were collected in a German-speaking sample ( = 418) and an English-speaking sample ( = 364).

Trait Self-Control Discriminates Between Youth Football Players Selected and Not Selected for the German Talent Program: A Bayesian Analysis.

Trait self-control predicts success in various walks of life. Sports is a prototypical domain, where self-control is required, and there is evidence that successful athletes display superior self-control. Here, we assess if self-control already differs between athletes that were selected for a talent development program and non-selected athletes.

Creative Flexibility Performance Is Neither Related to Anxiety, Nor to Self-Control Strength, Nor to Their Interaction.

Previous research has reliably found that self-control strength moderates the anxiety-performance relationship for cognitive and perceptual-motor tasks that involve executive functioning. In the present preregistered experiment ( = 200; https://aspredicted.org/a775h.

Is Learning With Elaborative Interrogation Less Desirable When Learners Are Depleted?

When learning with elaborative interrogation, learners are requested by means of prompts to generate parts of the study material. There is evidence, that learning with elaborative interrogation is beneficial. However, it is conceivable that for elaborative interrogation to be beneficial for learning, learners also need resources available to be able to correctly generate parts of the study material.

Testing the validity of the attention control video: An eye-tracking approach of the ego depletion effect.

The attention control video has been frequently applied to test the ego depletion effect. However, its validity has never been tested, a shortcoming we address in this preregistered study. In the first task, self-control strength was temporarily depleted in the depletion condition (n = 56) but remained intact in the control condition (n = 56).

Too Exhausted to Perform at the Highest Level? On the Importance of Self-control Strength in Educational Settings.

In order to perform at the highest level in educational settings (e.g., students in testing situations), individuals often have to control their impulses or desires (e.

Higher Self-Control Capacity Predicts Lower Anxiety-Impaired Cognition during Math Examinations.

We assumed that self-control capacity, self-efficacy, and self-esteem would enable students to keep attentional control during tests. Therefore, we hypothesized that the three personality traits would be negatively related to anxiety-impaired cognition during math examinations. Secondary school students (N = 158) completed measures of self-control capacity, self-efficacy, and self-esteem at the beginning of the school year.

The influence of ego depletion on sprint start performance in athletes without track and field experience.

We tested the assumption that ego depletion would affect the sprint start in a sample of N = 38 athletes without track and field experience in an experiment by applying a mixed between- (depletion vs. non-depletion) within- (T1: before manipulation of ego depletion vs. T2: after manipulation of ego depletion) subjects design.

Integrating attentional control theory and the strength model of self-control.

In the present article, we argue that it may be fruitful to incorporate the ideas of the strength model of self-control into the core assumptions of the well-established attentional control theory (ACT). In ACT, it is assumed that anxiety automatically leads to attention disruption and increased distractibility, which may impair subsequent cognitive or perceptual-motor performance, but only if individuals do not have the ability to counteract this attention disruption. However, ACT does not clarify which process determines whether one can volitionally regulate attention despite experiencing high levels of anxiety.

Ego depletion and attention regulation under pressure: is a temporary loss of self-control strength indeed related to impaired attention regulation?

In the current study we investigated whether ego depletion negatively affects attention regulation under pressure in sports by assessing participants' dart throwing performance and accompanying gaze behavior. According to the strength model of self-control, the most important aspect of self-control is attention regulation. Because higher levels of state anxiety are associated with impaired attention regulation, we chose a mixed design with ego depletion (yes vs.