Immunocompetent cell targeting by food-additive titanium dioxide.

Food-grade titanium dioxide (fgTiO) is a bio-persistent particle under intense regulatory scrutiny. Yet paradoxically, the only known cell reservoirs for fgTiO are graveyard intestinal pigment cells which are metabolically and immunologically quiescent. Here we identify immunocompetent cell targets of fgTiO in humans, most notably in the subepithelial dome region of intestinal Peyer's patches.

The participation of people deprived of liberty in tuberculosis vaccine trials: should they be protected from research, or through research?

People deprived of liberty are among the populations experiencing the highest rates of tuberculosis. Prisons typically create ideal conditions for Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, including overcrowding and prolonged exposure in poorly ventilated environments, and often have populations at high risk of developing disease. The development of a novel, effective tuberculosis vaccine to prevent adult pulmonary tuberculosis is considered a crucial objective for improving tuberculosis control and, ultimately, elimination.

Relative monocyte count is associated with metabolic syndrome and other cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects at Secondary Health Care: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Relative monocyte count (RMC) is a low-cost widely used biomarker with the potential to predict obesity-related health risks. However, high cardiovascular risk could affect white blood cell dynamics. So, we aimed to investigate the associations between RMC with cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects at secondary prevention.

Weight Recurrence in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery According to Different Cutoff Points and its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Variables.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is effective in treating severe obesity, but weight recurrence (WR) after the procedure is a growing concern. The lack of consensus on cutoff points to define WR and its association with comorbidities is still a gap in the literature.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of WR obtained through different cutoff points in patients who underwent bariatric surgery and its association with cardiometabolic risk markers.

A shake with cashew and Brazil nuts decreased lipid peroxidation but did not improve antioxidant status in individuals with overweight or obesity: A randomized crossover clinical trial.

Background And Aims: Nuts are recognized for their potential health benefits, yet little is known about their postprandial impact on metabolic responses and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of a shake containing a mixture of 30g cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and 15g Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.

Genotype-by-environment interaction across THI classes impacts the selection for body weight at young ages in meat quails.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) on body weight (BW) in meat quails. BW data from ten generations, recorded on 7 (BW7), 14 (BW14), 21 (BW21), 28 (BW28), 35 (BW35), and 42 (BW42) days after hatching were used for the analyses. A temperature and humidity index (THI) divided into two classes (less or equal than 68 - THI1 and greater than 68 -THI2) was used as the environmental descriptor.

Evaluation of an ultra-portable X-ray system with automated interpretation for tuberculosis active case finding in carceral settings: a diagnostic test accuracy study.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends systematic active case finding for tuberculosis (TB) among high-risk population including incarcerated individuals; however, many prisons lack screening capacity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an ultra-portable digital chest radiography system paired with LunitTB, an automated interpretation algorithm, to detect TB disease.

Methods: We performed a diagnostic test accuracy study using data collected for a prospective active case finding study for TB in a Brazilian prison from February 2023 through May 2024.

Brazil nut consumption within an energy-restricted diet improved cardiometabolic risk markers in women: a quasi-experimental, controlled study (Brazilian Nuts Study).

Consuming functional foods alongside the energy-restricted diet can be a great ally in weight loss and improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Whether Brazil nut (BN) consumption in the context of energy restriction affects them remains to be answered. We aimed to evaluate the effect of BN within an energy-restricted diet on cardiometabolic risk markers among women.

Diagnostic Criteria for Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: Predicting Malignant Transformation.

Purpose: In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed new criteria for the diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), however their association with patient's outcome is still unknown. This study compared the different classification systems of OED and evaluate their efficacy in predicting malignant transformation.

Methods: A total of 195 slides of leukoplakia and erythroplakia were graded according to the WHO 2017, 2022, and the Binary System classification, and were correlated with the lesion's evolution.

Regular Consumption of Black Tea Kombucha Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with and without Obesity.

Background: Kombucha, a fermented beverage obtained from a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast, has shown potential in modulating gut microbiota, although no clinical trials have been done.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of regular black tea kombucha consumption on intestinal health in individuals with and without obesity.

Methods: A pre-post clinical intervention study was conducted lasting 8 wk.

Effect of Nuts Combined with Energy Restriction on the Obesity Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is difficult to control worldwide. Although nuts are recognized health foods, the application of food in obesity management is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate if nut consumption favors people on energy restriction (ER) dietary interventions.

Determination of five-parameter grain boundary characteristics in nanocrystalline Ni-W by scanning precession electron diffraction tomography.

Determining the full five-parameter grain boundary characteristics from experiments is essential for understanding grain boundaries impact on material properties, improving related models, and designing advanced alloys. However, achieving this is generally challenging, in particular at nanoscale, due to their 3D nature. In our study, we successfully determined the grain boundary characteristics of an annealed nickel-tungsten alloy (NiW) nanocrystalline needle-shaped specimen (tip) containing twins using Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction (SPED) Tomography.

Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) Consumption in Energy-Restricted Intervention Decreases Proinflammatory Markers and Intestinal Permeability of Women with Overweight/Obesity: A Controlled Trial (Brazilian Nuts Study).

Background: Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The Brazil nut (BN) (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.

Dairy intake and cardiovascular diseases risk factors: a cross-sectional study on Iranian obese and overweight women.

Objective: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary interventions can directly affect several ASCVD risk factors. This study aimed to assess an association between dairy consumption and the odds of ASCVD and its risk factors in women with overweight and obesity.

A Symbiotic Meal Containing Extruded Sorghum and Probiotic () Ameliorated Intestinal Health Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Subsample from a Previous Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Chronic kidney disease increases uremic toxins concentrations, which have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. L. Moench has dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, while can promote beneficial health effects.

Microscopic insights into metal diffusion and ohmic contact formation in delta-doped GaAs/(Al,Ga)As core/shell nanowires.

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are promising candidates for use in electronic and optoelectronic applications, offering numerous advantages over their thin film counterparts. Their performance relies heavily on the quality of the contacts to the NW, which should exhibit ohmic behavior with low resistance and should be formed in a reproducible manner. In the case of heterostructure NWs for high-mobility applications that host a two-dimensional electron gas, ohmic contacts are particularly challenging to implement since the NW core constituting the conduction channel is away from the NW surface.

Ultra-processed food consumption and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Iranian women.

Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been associated with a higher intake of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats; however, the relationship between UPFs and quality of life (QoL) is not well understood.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 193 Iranian women aged 18-48 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification.

Challenges of animals shelters in caring for dogs infected with Leishmania and other pathogens.

The incidence of human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) has decreased in Brazil; however, the number of areas reporting human and canine cases has increased, with Leishmania infantum usually preceding human infection. This study aimed to analyze the profile of infectious diseases that are endemic for both human and canine VL, in dogs housed in a shelter located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. Data was obtained between November/2021 to April/2022.

Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelial cells of bovines: an study.

Background: The endothelium is the most posterior layer of the cornea and is essential for maintaining corneal transparency. Due to variations in corneal endothelial parameters among different species, knowledge of the normal parameters for each species is crucial.

Aim: To evaluate the corneal endothelium of bovines using contact specular microscopy.

Brain abscesses caused by in a patient with myasthenia gravis - Case report and systematic review.

Background: Listeriosis is a known cause of community acquired bacterial meningitis/meningoencephalitis. It occurs more frequently in neonates, older people and immunocompromised hosts. Rarely, brain abscesses can complicate the course of infection, which poses a difficulty in the management and elevates morbidity and mortality.

The Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program improves diet quality in patients with established cardiovascular disease: Results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Dietary modifications are essential strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention. However, studies are needed to investigate the diet quality of individuals undergoing secondary prevention in cardiology and who received dietary intervention based on cardiovascular disease management. We prospectively evaluated the diet quality in the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial (BALANCE Program Trial).

Implementation of policy and management interventions to improve health and care workforce capacity to address the COVID-19 pandemic response: a systematic review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted pre-existing weaknesses in health and care systems and services and shortages of health and care workers (HCWs). As a result, policymakers needed to adopt measures to improve the health and care workforce (HCWF) capacity. This review aims to identify countries' range of policies and management interventions implemented to improve HCWs' capacity to address the COVID-19 pandemic response, synthesize their evidence on effectiveness, and identify gaps in the evidence.