Evaluation of an ultra-portable X-ray system with automated interpretation for tuberculosis active case finding in carceral settings: a diagnostic test accuracy study.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends systematic active case finding for tuberculosis (TB) among high-risk population including incarcerated individuals; however, many prisons lack screening capacity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an ultra-portable digital chest radiography system paired with LunitTB, an automated interpretation algorithm, to detect TB disease.

Methods: We performed a diagnostic test accuracy study using data collected for a prospective active case finding study for TB in a Brazilian prison from February 2023 through May 2024.

Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Southern Brazilian persons deprived of liberty: a molecular epidemiology study.

To evaluate the genetic diversity and clustering rates of M. tuberculosis strains to better understand transmission among persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study, including strains of M.

Epidemiology and control strategies for tuberculosis in countries with the largest prison populations.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease, and its control is considered a challenge, especially among vulnerable populations such as prisoners. The occurrence of TB in prisons is an alarming public health problem in many countries. This integrative review aims to describe the epidemiology of TB and control strategies for this disease in countries with the largest prison populations.

Completeness of tuberculosis information system data from prisoners in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Tuberculosis (TB) has a high incidence in several countries and is even more severe in prisoners. We evaluated the completeness of prisoners TB notifications in the Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN) carried out by prison primary care teams (eAPP) or by other health facilities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This descriptive cross-sectional study used prisoners data notifications in the SINAN TB by the eAPP or other health facilities from January 2014 to November 2018.

Primary Prison Care Teams and tuberculosis notification in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil.

This paper aims to describe the implementation process of the Prison Primary Care Teams in Rio Grande do Sul, the frequency of tuberculosis notifications in people deprived of liberty, and their chronological relationship. This documentary research is nested in a descriptive cross-sectional study of historical series. We analyzed the decrees on the qualification of Prison Primary Care Teams, the number, and the year of notification of tuberculosis cases from the National System of Notifiable Diseases from 2014 to 2020.

Tuberculosis in prison inmates in Southern Brazil: investigating the epidemiological and operational indicators.

Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem and is more prevalent in specific populations, such as prisoners. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and operational indicators of tuberculosis in prisoners in a southern region of Brazil.

Methods: This was a descriptive, observational study, utilizing secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System on tuberculosis cases diagnosed in prisoners in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from 2014 to 2018.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with suspected tuberculosis and the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium in the extreme south of Brazil.

Objective: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and associated with opportunistic infections in humans. The aims of this study were to identify NTM in patients with suspected tuberculosis who presented positive cultures and to evaluate the genetic diversity of strains identified as Mycobacterium avium.

Methods: We studied pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples obtained from 1,248 patients.

and co-infection in an immunocompromised patient: Case report and literature review.

We report a case of fungal and mycobacterial co-infection in an immunosuppressed patient from Southern Brazil. Histoplasmosis was diagnosed in an AIDS patient admitted to the hospital with nonspecific respiratory signs. However, 4 months post hospital discharge, the patient worsened and a co-infection with was detected.

Mycobacterium avium: an overview.

Mycobacterium avium is an environmental microorganism found in soil and water sources worldwide. It is the most prevalent species of nontuberculous mycobacteria that causes infectious diseases, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This review discusses and highlights key topics about M.

Tuberculosis among prison staff in Rio Grande do Sul.

Objective: to evaluate the risk of infection and illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis among health care and security staff in prisons in two regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS).

Method: cross-sectional study involving prison staff. An interview and sputum smear microscopy and culture were performed.