Skeletal Muscle Density as a Predictive Marker for Pathologic Complete Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy.

: The predictive value of muscle-related indicators in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the skeletal muscle density (SMD) and clinical variables related to the physical reserve with respect to its impact on the pathologic complete response (pCR). : We retrospectively analyzed TNBC patients who underwent NAC at Seoul St.

Improved Prognostic Stratification With 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Staging in Endometrial Cancer Reflecting Poor Prognosis of Aggressive Histological Types and p53 Abnormality.

This study compares the distribution and prognostic impact of the 2009 and 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems for endometrial cancer and their impact on the 2022 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) risk classification. Patients were restaged according to the 2009 FIGO staging system, the 2023 FIGO staging system, and the 2023 FIGO staging system with molecular classification. Risk groups were assigned according to the 2022 ESMO guidelines using each staging system.

APOBEC-Driven Hypermutation in the Lymphocyte-Predominant Group of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic and genomic characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer subclassification. Triple-negative breast cancer was classified into the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype and the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) groups of the non-LAR subtype-lymphocyte predominant (LP), lymphocyte intermediate, and lymphocyte depleted-based on androgen receptor immunohistochemistry and TILs. Clinicopathologic and genomic characteristics were evaluated for these triple-negative breast cancer subclasses.

De-escalation of regional nodal irradiation fields in pT1-2N1 breast cancer patients after breast conserving surgery: retrospective real-world clinical experience.

Purpose: Regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in pN1 patients with one to three positive axillary lymph node breast cancers remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of RNI in patients with pT1-2N1 breast cancer who underwent radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS), focusing on risk stratification and defining the extent of RNI as axillary lymph node levels I and II.

Methods: Female patients with pT1-2N1 breast cancer after BCS with axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy who were treated with radiotherapy between 2009 and 2021 were identified.

Correlating p53 immunostaining patterns with somatic TP53 mutation and functional properties of mutant p53 in triple-negative breast cancer.

Aims: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of p53 is a potential marker for TP53 mutations in various cancers. However, criteria for predicting TP53 mutations in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using p53 IHC staining are not yet established. We aim to correlate p53 IHC expression patterns with TP53 mutation status in TNBC.

Roles of Cancer Histology Type and HPV Genotype in HPV ctDNA Detection at Baseline in Cervical Cancer: Implications for Tumor Burden Assessment.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for monitoring cervical cancer. HPV ctDNA level at baseline (before treatment) reflects tumor burden. However, reported HPV ctDNA detection rates at baseline have shown variations across studies, suggesting the existence of other potential contributing factors.

p16 Immunohistochemical Patterns in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical and Genomic Similarities of the p16 Diffuse Pattern to pRB Deficiency.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with alterations in the retinoblastoma pathway. As a consequence of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) loss, compensatory upregulation of p16 occurs due to the loss of phosphorylated pRB-mediated negative feedback on p16 expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics associated with the diffuse pattern of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in TNBC.

Prognostic Significance of the Immune Microenvironment in Endometrial Cancer.

This study used artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis to investigate the immune microenvironment in endometrial cancer (EC). We aimed to evaluate the potential of AI-based immune metrics as prognostic biomarkers. In total, 296 cases with EC were classified into 4 molecular subtypes: polymerase epsilon ultramutated (POLEmut), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), p53 abnormal (p53abn), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP).

Prediction of homologous recombination deficiency from Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus correlating with SOPHiA DDM HRD Solution.

Objective: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are used for targeted therapy for ovarian cancer with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). In this study, we aimed to develop a homologous recombination deficiency prediction model to predict the genomic integrity (GI) index of the SOPHiA DDM HRD Solution from the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay (OCA) Plus. We also tried to a find cut-off value of the genomic instability metric (GIM) of the OCA Plus that correlates with the GI index of the SOPHiA DDM HRD Solution.

Comprehensive Molecular Genetic Analysis in Glioma Patients by Next Generation Sequencing.

Background: Glioma is caused by multiple genomic alterations. The evolving classification of gliomas emphasizes the significance of molecular testing. Next generation sequencing (NGS) offers the assessment of parallel combinations of multiple genetic alterations and identifying actionable mutations that guide treatment.

Differentiating Uterine Sarcoma From Atypical Leiomyoma on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Logistic Regression Classifier: Added Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Based Quantitative Parameters.

Objective: To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based quantitative parameters to distinguish uterine sarcomas from atypical leiomyomas on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: A total of 138 patients (age, 43.7 ± 10.

High Expression of NRF2 and Low Expression of KEAP1 Predict Worse Survival in Patients With Operable Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer. Currently, no effective treatment options for this condition exist. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), encoded by nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 () gene and its endogenous inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), both participate in cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and contribute to chemoresistance and tumor progression in numerous types of cancers.

Enhanced Risk Stratification in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Integrating through Droplet Digital PCR and L1CAM.

Aim: In order to enhance risk stratification in early-stage endometrial cancer (EC), we conducted molecular classification using surrogate markers, including the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and L1CAM immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Method: We analyzed archival tumor tissue from 183 early-stage EC patients. pathogenic mutations of P286R, V411L, S297F, A456P, and S459F within exons 9, 13, and 14 were detected using a ddPCR, while the mismatch repair (MMR) status was determined by MMR protein IHC and MSI tests.

Establishing molecular pathology curriculum for pathology trainees and continued medical education: a collaborative work from the Molecular Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists.

Background: The importance of molecular pathology tests has increased during the last decade, and there is a great need for efficient training of molecular pathology for pathology trainees and as continued medical education.

Methods: The Molecular Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists appointed a task force composed of experienced molecular pathologists to develop a refined educational curriculum of molecular pathology. A 3-day online educational session was held based on the newly established structure of learning objectives; the audience were asked to score their understanding of 22 selected learning objectives before and after the session to assess the effect of structured education.

Single-center study on clinicopathological and typical molecular pathologic features of metastatic brain tumor.

Background: The metastatic brain tumor is the most common brain tumor. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinicopathological and molecular pathologic features of brain metastases (BM).

Methods: A total of 269 patients were diagnosed with BM through surgical resection at Seoul St.

Prognostic impact of F-FDG PET/CT in pathologic stage II invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: re-illuminating the value of PET/CT in intermediate-risk breast cancer.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of F-FDG PET/CT on prognosis of stage II invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast primarily treated with surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 297 consecutive IDC with preoperative PET/CT and pathologically staged II in surgery from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak), tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were measured.

Prediction of V600E variant from cancer gene expression data.

Background: BRAF inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and colon cancer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction or next-generation sequencing were clinically used for variant detection to select who responds to BRAF inhibitors. The prediction of variants using gene expression data might be an alternative test when the direct variant sequencing test is not feasible.

A Case Report of -Amplification in the Breast Without Histological Abnormality.

Atypical ductal hyperplasia and low-grade ductal carcinoma (DCIS) are regarded as precursor lesions of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive invasive breast cancer. In -amplified invasive breast cancer, a precursor lesion before DCIS has not yet been described. Here we introduce a case of HER2-positive lobules in the breast without histological abnormality.

Prediction of homologous recombination deficiency from cancer gene expression data.

Objective: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is the main mechanism of tumorigenesis in some cancers. HRD causes abnormal double-strand break repair, resulting in genomic scars. Some scoring HRD tests have been approved as companion diagnostics of polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor treatment.

Molecular and immunohistochemical comparison between primary gastrointestinal mucosal melanomas and atypical gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Background: It is sometimes challenging to differentiate between gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal melanoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) because they share some similarities in histological and molecular features. In this study, we investigated their clinicopathological and molecular features.

Methods: Four primary GI mucosal melanomas and 4 atypical GISTs resected from 2017 to 2019 were included.