Development of Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis.

The main culprit behind cutaneous candidiasis, a fungal infection that can lead to major dermatological and systemic health problems, is Candida albicans. Over the past 20 years, cutaneous candidiasis has become more prevalent, especially in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients. Conventional treatment methods employ antifungal drugs like azoles and polyenes, which are effective but have drawbacks because of their high recurrence rates, negative side effects, and growing antifungal resistance.

Clinical implementation of a multifaceted quality assurance phantom for high-precision radiation therapy: an institutional experience.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the multifaceted clinical utility of the RUBY phantom as a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) platform in high-precision radiotherapy, particularly for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). The objective was to validate its performance in patient positioning, imaging system accuracy, isocenter congruency, and treatment plan verification across various complex clinical scenarios.

Materials And Methods: A series of QA workflows were conducted using the RUBY phantom and its dedicated modular inserts.

Impact of dynamic jaw width adjustment in tomotherapy on hippocampus sparing and treatment efficiency in whole-brain radiotherapy.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of dynamic jaw width adjustment in tomotherapy on hippocampal sparing, target dose conformity, and treatment efficiency in hippocampal-avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT), in accordance with RTOG 0933 guidelines. A retrospective study of 60 patients treated with HA-WBRT was conducted. CT-MRI fusion facilitated accurate hippocampal delineation.

Geochemical processes and groundwater quality assessment in the Yamuna-Hindon interfluve region of Bagpat district, Western Uttar Pradesh, India.

The present research work aims to understand the geochemistry of groundwater resources of the Yamuna-Hindon interfluve region of Bagpat district, Western Uttar Pradesh, India. The region is a part of Indo-Gangetic belt, one of the world's most fertile and intensely farmed areas. To investigate the geochemical processes governing groundwater quality, a total of 105 groundwater samples were collected during pre-monsoon season and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters, namely, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness (TH), turbidity, major anions (HCO, SO, F, Cl, NO) cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) following the methods outlined in the American Public Health Association (APHA).

Blocking the functional domain of cancer cell surface TIP1 upregulates Midkine via the β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway.

Drug resistance exhibited by cancer cells remains one of the primary reasons for the failure of therapeutic approaches to increase the survival of cancer patients. Marginal improvement in therapeutic efficacy with current treatment approaches for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mandates new treatment strategies. Tax interacting Protein-1 (TIP1) is a radiation-inducible molecular target involved in various cancer pathways.

Groundwater Geochemistry, Sources Identification and Quality Assessment in Umaria Coalfield, Madhya Pradesh, India.

The deterioration of groundwater quality poses a significant concern for inhabitants residing in the mining region. Thus, the present research aimed to assess the geochemistry and suitability of the groundwater for drinking and domestic use in the Umaria coalfield. To accomplish the goals, one hundred groundwater samples were collected on a seasonal basis from various locations in the Umaria coalfield and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ions.

Viral agents in neuromuscular pathology.

In recent years, viral infections have been increasingly identified as major players in neuromuscular pathologies. This chapter presents an overview of the evidence and future directions for virus-induced neuromuscular disorders. Information is integrated on the global burden of these diseases related to epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies was integrated.

Major ion chemistry and suitability of groundwater resources for different utilizations in mica mining areas, Jharkhand, India.

Groundwater resources in mica mining areas of Jharkhand are vital for local communities, agriculture, and domestic utilization. The study investigates the major ion chemistry of groundwater in the mica mining regions, focusing on key physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, F). Groundwater samples from the study area were collected before the monsoon season, during the monsoon season, and after the monsoon season.

Anthropogenic influence on groundwater metal toxicity and risk to human health assessment in Umaria coalfield of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Metal toxicity in groundwater surrounding coal mines is a major concern because it may pose a significant risk to human health of the local populace. The present study investigated Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn concentrations in the groundwater of Umaria coalfields during the post-monsoon season and pre-monsoon season. The study was carried out to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of the metals in the groundwater along with statistical source identification of the metals and assessment of human health risks due to intake of the metals through the groundwater.

Human health risk assessment of dietary metal intake through commonly consumed vegetables in Gaya District, Bihar, India.

This study assessed the concentration of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in commonly grown vegetables collected from the Gaya district of Bihar. Metals were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry following sample preparation and digestion. As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn exceeded the maximum allowable concentration of Food and Agricultural Organization in some of the vegetable samples.

Comparative Study of Fluence Distribution and Point Dose Using Arc-check and Delta Phantoms.

The study aims to assess the fluence distribution and point dosage between two phantoms for patient-specific quality assurance on the Tomotherapy system. This was a retrospective study conducted on 15 patients who had radiation using the Helical Tomotherapy Machine (Radixact, Accuray Inc.).

Role of species in pathogenesis, immune regulation, and prognostic tools for managing ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

The gut microbiome plays a key role in the pathogenesis and disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While research has focused on the bacterial microbiome, recent studies have shifted towards host genetics and host-fungal interactions. The mycobiota is a vital component of the gastrointestinal microbial community and plays a significant role in immune regulation.

Unraveling the interplay of kinesin-1, tau, and microtubules in neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the gradual and age-related deterioration of nerve cells in the central nervous system. The histopathological features observed in the brain affected by AD are the aberrant buildup of extracellular and intracellular amyloid-β and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Axonal transport is a fundamental process for cargo movement along axons and relies on molecular motors like kinesins and dyneins.

Elucidating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout: Insights and therapeutic strategies.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a condition associated with a high concentration of uric acid (UA) in the bloodstream and can cause gout and chronic kidney disease. The gut microbiota of patients with gout and HUA is significantly altered compared to that of healthy people. This article focused on the complex interconnection between alterations in the gut microbiota and the development of this disorder.

Intensification mechanisms and moisture dynamics of super cyclonic storm 'Amphan' over the Bay of Bengal: Implications for aerosol re-distribution.

The present research investigates the dynamics and underlying causes contributing to the exceptional intensity of Super Cyclonic Storm (SuCS) Amphan (16th to 21st May 2020) over the Bay of Bengal (BoB), as well as its impact on aerosol redistribution along the four cities of eastern coast and north-eastern India. Notably, the SuCS was formed during the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdown in India, giving it a unique aspect of study and analysis. Our analysis based on 30 years of climatology data from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis reveals 'positive' monthly anomalous winds (0.

Vulnerability assessment of aerosol and climate variability for rice and maize yield using EO datasets for sustainable agriculture over India.

Human-generated aerosol pollution gradually modifies the atmospheric chemical and physical attributes, resulting in significant changes in weather patterns and detrimental effects on agricultural yields. The current study assesses the loss in agricultural productivity due to weather and anthropogenic aerosol variations for rice and maize crops through the analysis of time series data of India spanning from 1998 to 2019. The average values of meteorological variables like maximum temperature (TMAX), minimum temperature (TMIN), rainfall, and relative humidity, as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD), have also shown an increasing tendency, while the average values of soil moisture and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) have followed a decreasing trend over that period.

Isolation and Detection of Pathological Tau Species in a Tauopathy Mouse Model.

Tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies becomes insoluble due to hyperphosphorylation, conformational alterations, and aggregation. To analyze insoluble tau and pathological tau species, this study employs a methodology that utilizes wild-type and transgenic tau mice (P310S Tau) tissue extraction using 1% Sarkosyl or N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt and the radio immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer. However, the commonly used methods to study the insoluble tau fraction using detergents like Sarkosyl and RIPA require a large amount of homogenate, which can pose challenges when dealing with small tissue samples.

Heavy metal geochemistry and toxicity assessment of water environment from Ib valley coalfield, India: Implications to contaminant source apportionment and human health risks.

The present study aims to investigate the hydrogeochemical evolution of heavy metals and assesses impacts of mining activities on the groundwater resources and potential human health risks in the coal mining areas of Ib valley coalfield. In this perspective, a total of one hundred and two mine water and groundwater samples were collected from different locations. The water samples were analysed for some selected heavy metals i.

Interaction of Tau with Kinesin-1: Effect of Kinesin-1 Heavy Chain Elimination on Autophagy-Mediated Mutant Tau Degradation.

Natively unfolded tau has a low propensity to form aggregates, but in tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau aggregates into paired helical filaments (PHFs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Multiple intracellular transport pathways utilize kinesin-1, a plus-end-directed microtubule-based motor. Kinesin-1 is crucial in various neurodegenerative diseases as it transports multiple cargoes along the microtubules (MT).

Snow Cover Response to Climatological Factors at the Beas River Basin of W. Himalayas from MODIS and ERA5 Datasets.

Glaciers and snow are critical components of the hydrological cycle in the Himalayan region, and they play a vital role in river runoff. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the glaciers and snow cover on a spatiotemporal basis to better understand the changes in their dynamics and their impact on river runoff. A significant amount of data is necessary to comprehend the dynamics of snow.

Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Immunomodulation, Microflora Dysbiosis, and Clinical Implications.

The clinical manifestation of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in the respiratory system of humans is widely recognized. There is increasing evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 possesses the capability to invade the gastrointestinal (GI) system, leading to the manifestation of symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and GI lesions. These symptoms subsequently contribute to the development of gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Role of Midkine in Cancer Drug Resistance: Regulators of Its Expression and Its Molecular Targeting.

Molecules involved in drug resistance can be targeted for better therapeutic efficacies. Research on midkine (MDK) has escalated in the last few decades, which affirms a positive correlation between disease progression and MDK expression in most cancers and indicates its association with multi-drug resistance in cancer. MDK, a secretory cytokine found in blood, can be exploited as a potent biomarker for the non-invasive detection of drug resistance expressed in various cancers and, thereby, can be targeted.

Prevalence of Supernumerary Teeth and Its Associated Complications among School-going Children between the Ages of 6 and 15 Years of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.

Background: Supernumerary teeth (ST) are those that exceed the normal dental formula. This phenomenon is also known as hyperdontia, and can occur in solitary or multiple forms, might be unilateral or bilateral, and affect one or both jaws.

Aim: To study the prevalence, gender variations in terms of frequency, characteristic, distribution, and associated complications with the presence of ST in 3,000 school-going children of age 6-15 years in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.

Reduction of kinesin I heavy chain decreases tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathy models.

Many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, are characterized by tau pathology. Numerous motor proteins, many of which are involved in synaptic transmission, mediate transport in neurons. Dysfunction in motor protein-mediated neuronal transport mechanisms occurs in several neurodegenerative disorders but remains understudied in AD.