Lung Pathologies and Anatomical Variations in Midwestern American Donor Bodies: Implications for Surgical Planning and Education.

Introduction: Normal anatomical variations between the right and left lungs can affect function and disease presentation; a better understanding of these variations is necessary for optimizing thoracic procedures. Therefore, the current study investigated the lung pathologies of donor bodies to enhance understanding of anatomical variations when performing surgical lung resections, lobectomies, and other thoracic procedures.

Methods: The lungs of 31 donor bodies from A.

Measurement techniques for velocity and liquid fraction in flowing foams.

This review discusses and compares different measurement techniques for liquid foam flow experiments. Particular emphasis is put on measurements of foam velocity and liquid fraction. Because foam is opaque, complex and fragile, many of the established tools of fluid mechanics are not directly applicable.

Doctors taking bribes from pharmaceutical companies is common and not substantially reduced by an educational intervention: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in Pakistan.

Introduction: Incentive-linked prescribing, which is when healthcare providers accept incentives from pharmaceutical companies for prescribing promoted medicines, is a form of bribery that harms patients and health systems globally. We developed a novel method using data collectors posing as pharmaceutical company sales representatives to evaluate private doctors' engagement in incentive-linked prescribing and the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention on reducing this practice in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: We made a sampling frame of all doctors running for-profit, primary-care clinics and randomly allocated participants to control and intervention groups (1:1).

Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Urinary Tract Infections among Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: Insights from the ACS-NSQIP.

 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a rare postoperative complication following thyroidectomy.  This study aimed to assess the clinicodemographic factors associated with the development of UTIs and subsequent outcomes among patients undergoing thyroidectomy.  This retrospective study used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to analyze patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2005 to 2019.

Dental Pulp Regeneration in Dogs Using a Chemokine Receptor 3 Antagonist Without Transplantation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Introduction: Our previous study showed that transplantation of dental pulp stem cells in combination with a chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) antagonist into the root canals of aged dogs promoted dental pulp regeneration. In this study, we attempted to regenerate dental pulp in young dogs using a CCR3 antagonist without dental pulp stem cell transplantation.

Methods: The teeth of dogs were histologically evaluated 4 weeks after extraction of the pulp and administration of scaffold materials and CCR3 antagonist (KDH-136) into the root canal.

Association Between Sleeping Quality and Risk of Breast Cancer Among Women: A Case-Control Study From Pakistan.

Background: This case-control study investigated the relationship between sleep duration and quality with the occurrence of breast cancer among women, both pre- and post-menopausal, in the northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) region of Pakistan.

Method: This case-control research was carried in multiple tertiary care facilities. Newly diagnosed primary breast cancer patients were recruited as cases (n = 408), and 5+ years age-matched controls (n = 408) were randomly selected from the general population.

Exploring the Role of Ultrasound Therapy in Modern Dentistry: A Comprehensive Overview.

This paper explores the use of ultrasound therapy in dentistry, focusing on its working principle, various applications, advantages, limitations, precautions, contraindications, and future directions. Ultrasound therapy presents a promising non-invasive treatment modality with a wide range of applications within the field of dentistry.

Assessment of Prognostic Indicators and Survival-Based Impact of Holistic Approach in Oral Cancer Patients: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Oral cancer is recognized as the sixth most common type of cancer globally. Instances have been recorded demonstrating an increase in its incidence, particularly in the territories of southern Asia, with a significant emphasis on India. Thus, the objectives of this investigation were to assess the efficacy of a holistic approach on the life expectancies of patients diagnosed with oral cancer, and to assess the prognostic indicators in such patients.

Arsenic modifies the effect of folic acid in spina bifida prevention, a large hospital-based case-control study in Bangladesh.

Background: Spina bifida, a developmental malformation of the spinal cord, is associated with high rates of mortality and disability. Although folic acid-based preventive strategies have been successful in reducing rates of spina bifida, some areas continue to be at higher risk because of chemical exposures. Bangladesh has high arsenic exposures through contaminated drinking water and high rates of spina bifida.

Awake brain mapping by direct cortical stimulation; technical note to get higher resection rate and low morbidity in low-grade glioma patients.

Introduction: Direct cortical stimulation has been used for brain mapping and localization of eloquent areas in awake patients. This simplified technique is to provide the positive areas, which can be preserved if the tumor or lesions are involved eloquent areas.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine whether direct cortical stimulation in awake brain mapping for low-grade glioma patients increases the rate of resection or not.

Arsenic modifies the effect of folic acid in spina bifida prevention, a large hospital-based case-control study in Bangladesh.

Background: Spina bifida, a developmental malformation of the spinal cord, is associated with high rates of mortality and disability. Although folic acid-based preventive strategies have been successful in reducing rates of spina bifida, some areas continue to be at higher risk because of chemical exposures. Bangladesh has high arsenic exposures through contaminated drinking water and high rates of spina bifida.

Home Oxygen After Hospitalization for COVID-19: Results From the Multi-Center OXFORD Study.

Background: In the first months of the pandemic, prior to the introduction of proven-effective treatments, 15-37% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were discharged on home oxygen. After proven-effective treatments for acute COVID-19 were established by evidence-based guidelines, little remains known about home oxygen requirements following hospitalization for COVID-19.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multi-center cohort study of subjects hospitalized for COVID-19 between October 2020-September 2021 at 3 academic health centers.

Accuracy of combined multi-parametric MRI and PSMA PET-CT in diagnosing localized prostate cancer: newer horizons for a biopsy-free pathway.

Introduction: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a reliable biomarker for identification of prostate cancer, although a biopsy is still the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer. Similar to higher PIRADS lesions on MRI, the maximal standard uptake value (SUV max) on PSMA PET is linked to a higher likelihood of prostate cancer. Can an mpMRI in conjunction with PSMA PET Scan accurately predict prostate cancer and further trigger omission of biopsy similar to other solid organ urological malignancies?

Methods: Ga-68 PSMA PET and mpMRI were performed for each patient who was a part of this retrospective study.

Orthopaedic Surgery Complications at a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Low- and Middle-Income Country: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Analysis.

Background: Through a comparison of orthopaedic surgical procedures performed at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan with other participating hospitals of National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP), we aim to identify the areas of orthopaedic surgical care at our center that need improvement and also those which are at par with international standards.

Methods: The study analyses orthopaedic surgeries at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan using NSQIP registry to compare complication rates with other American College of Surgeons-NSQIP participant hospitals. Two reviewers collect data in different days every 8 days to reduce bias, and the results are reported in odds ratios using quarterly reports.

Patients Undergoing Revision Hip Arthroscopy Demonstrate Comparable Survivability and Improvement but Worse Postoperative Outcomes Compared to Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity Matched Study at Five-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To compare mid-term clinical outcomes between patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy (HA) versus revision hip arthroscopy (RHA) for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1,862 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS from January 2012 to April 2017. Patients who underwent RHA were propensity matched in a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and exercise status to patients who underwent primary HA.

A Comparative Evaluation of Physical Parameters of Saliva and Correlation with Periodontal Condition in Down Syndrome Children and Healthy Controls.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the significance and role of physical parameters of saliva on periodontal health in children with Down syndrome (DS).

Materials And Methods: A comparative evaluation of physical parameters of saliva such as flow rate, viscosity, pH, quantity and buffering capacity, and buffer capacity was carried out using GC Saliva-Check Buffer kit and correlated with periodontal condition examined using community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) in 40 DS subjects (group I) and 40 healthy controls (group II) aged 8-15 years.

Results: Down syndrome subjects had a low resting salivary flow rate, moderately acidic saliva, very low quantity of stimulated saliva, and low buffering capacity.

The effect of preoperative steroids for at least 10 days on complications following craniotomy for tumor resection: A database, retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The effect of chronic steroid therapy on postoperative outcomes after craniotomy for tumor resection remains understudied.

Research Question: This study aimed to fill this gap and to identify risk factors of postoperative morbidity and mortality among patients on chronic steroid use undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection.

Materials And Methods: Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were used.

Reduced tillage and crop diversification can improve productivity and profitability of rice-based rotations of the Eastern Gangetic Plains.

Intensive rice ()-based cropping systems in south Asia provide much of the calorie and protein requirements of low to middle-income rural and urban populations. Intensive tillage practices demand more resources, damage soil quality, and reduce crop yields and profit margins. Crop diversification along with conservation agriculture (CA)-based management practices may reduce external input use, improve resource-use efficiency, and increase the productivity and profitability of intensive cropping systems.

Comparing wire-mesh sensor with neutron radiography for measurement of liquid fraction in foam.

The liquid fraction of foam is an important quantity in engineering process control and essential to interpret foam rheology. Established measurement tools for the liquid fraction of foam, such as optical measurement or radiography techniques as well as weighing the foam, are mostly laboratory-based, whereas conductivity-based measurements are limited to the global measurement without detailed spatial information of liquid fraction. In this work, which combines both types of measurement techniques, the conductivity-based wire-mesh sensor is compared with neutron radiography.

Familial Mediterranean fever: a differential diagnosis for the surgical abdomen.

FMF is characterised by dysregulation of the inflammatory process in the body, presenting as recurrent episodes of serositis. Patients with FMF commonly present with episodes of fever, peritonitis, synovitis, pleuritis, arthritis, and occasionally pericarditis. We present a case of a young 19-year old female, who presented to hospital four times over several months with intermittent fevers, abdominal pain and pleuritic chest pain.

Biological characteristics and pulp regeneration potential of stem cells from canine deciduous teeth compared with those of permanent teeth.

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that dental pulp stem cells isolated from permanent teeth (PT-DPSCs) are safe and efficacious for complete pulp regeneration in mature pulpectomized permanent teeth with complete apical closure. Moreover, dental pulp stem cells from deciduous teeth (DT-DPSCs) have also been shown to be useful for pulp regenerative cell therapy of injured immature permanent teeth. However, direct comparisons of the pulp regenerative potential of DT-DPSCs and PT-DPSCs from the same individual have not been performed.

Fostering the Environmental Performance of Hotels in Pakistan: A Moderated Mediation Approach From the Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility.

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan has been a mere victim of climate change in recent years. The country needs emergency measures at every level to mitigate environmental dilapidation. The role of enterprises in the country's environmental efforts is critical.

Morphological and molecular evidences of Ascaridia galli in migratory quail Coturnix coturnix japonica from Baluchistan Pakistan.

The current study was conducted to examine the point prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of migratory quails. Due to its economic importance, the control of ascaridiosis is critical. Migration of birds is considered to enhance the global spread and cross-species transmission of pathogens.

Correlation of predisposing factors and Esophageal Malignancy in high risk population of Baluchistan.

Objectives: To determine frequency of esophageal malignancy in Balochistan and to evaluate its correlation with predisposing and dietary factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020, at two tertiary care hospital of Quetta which caters to the entire population of province. The total number of 207 cases of esophageal biopsies were received and morphological diagnosis done by H&E staining.