The kynurenine pathway and markers of neurodegeneration and cerebral small vessel disease: The Maastricht Study.

Background: The kynurenine pathway, the main metabolic pathway of tryptophan degradation, has been mostly studied in neurodegenerative disorders, while its role in cerebrovascular pathology is less clear. We investigated whether kynurenines are associated with markers of neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular pathology in the general population.

Methods: Cross-sectional data was used from 1589 individuals (60.

High-moisture extruded pea balls exhibit lower (glyc)oxidative stability than pork balls following barbecuing and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

The (glyc)oxidation of model meat and plant-based balls during barbeque heating and subsequent simulated gastrointestinal digestion was investigated. For this purpose, balls were formulated with pork, or high-moisture extruded (HME) pea isolate, to which three types of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose or starch) and/or a herbal mixture were added. Heated protein products were evaluated before and after digestion for the various (glyc)oxidation products, including α-oxoaldehydes (glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone), lipid oxidation products (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, hexanal, propanal, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), protein oxidation products (protein carbonyl compound), and advanced glycation endproducts (N-(carboxymethyl)lysine, N-(carboxyethyl)-lysine, pentosidine, N-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine, argpyrimidine).

The association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes with hippocampal subfields volume: The Maastricht study.

Aims/hypothesis: We investigated whether prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and continuous measures of hyperglycemia are associated with tissue volume differences in specific subfields of the hippocampus.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 4,724 participants (58.7 ± 8.

Habitual intake of advanced glycation endproducts is not associated with worse insulin sensitivity, worse beta cell function, or presence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: The Maastricht Study.

Background & Aims: A diet high in advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) is a potential risk factor for insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes. We investigated associations between habitual intake of dietary AGEs and glucose metabolism in a population-based setting.

Methods: In 6275 participants of The Maastricht Study (mean ± SD age: 60 ± 9, 15.

Habitual Intake of Dietary Dicarbonyls is Associated with Greater Insulin Sensitivity and Lower Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes: The Maastricht Study.

Background: Dicarbonyls are reactive precursors of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Dicarbonyls are formed endogenously, but also during food processing. Circulating dicarbonyls are positively associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but the consequences of dietary dicarbonyls are unknown.

Pyridoxamine prevents increased atherosclerosis by intermittent methylglyoxal spikes in the aortic arches of ApoE mice.

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive glucose metabolite linked to diabetic cardiovascular disease (CVD). MGO levels surge during intermittent hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that these MGO spikes contribute to atherosclerosis, and that pyridoxamine as a MGO quencher prevents this injury.

Dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) increase their concentration in plasma and tissues, result in inflammation and modulate gut microbial composition in mice; evidence for reversibility.

Scope: Dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are associated with negative biological effects, possibly due to accumulation in plasma and tissues and through modulation of inflammation and gut microbiota. Whether these biological consequences are reversible by limiting dietary AGE intake is unknown.

Methods And Results: Young healthy C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard chow (n = 10) or a baked chow high AGE-diet (n = 10) (~1.

Quantification of the B6 vitamers in human plasma and urine in a study with pyridoxamine as an oral supplement; pyridoxamine as an alternative for pyridoxine.

Background And Aims: Vitamin B6 is involved in a large spectrum of physiological processes and comprises of the vitamers pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and their phosphorylated derivatives including the biological active pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). While PN toxicity is known to complicate several treatments, PM has shown promise in relation to the treatment of metabolic and age-related diseases by blocking oxidative degradation and scavenging toxic dicarbonyl compounds and reactive oxygen species. We aimed to assess the metabolization of oral PM supplements in a single and three daily dose.

Diet-induced weight loss reduces postprandial dicarbonyl stress in abdominally obese men: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: Dicarbonyl compounds contribute to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications. Dicarbonyl stress may already be detrimental in obesity. We evaluated whether diet-induced weight loss can effectively reverse dicarbonyl stress in abdominally obese men.

Quantification of dicarbonyl compounds in commonly consumed foods and drinks; presentation of a food composition database for dicarbonyls.

Dicarbonyls are reactive precursors of advanced glycation endproducts. They are formed endogenously and during food processing. Currently, a comprehensive database on dicarbonyls in foods that covers the entire range of food groups is lacking, limiting knowledge about the amount of dicarbonyls that is ingested via food.

Associations between advanced glycation endproducts and matrix metalloproteinases and its inhibitor in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and altered extracellular matrix remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) are associated with vascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that AGEs regulate the production of MMPs and/or TIMP-1. Therefore, we investigated associations between specific AGEs and MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -10, and TIMP-1 in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Dietary intake of advanced glycation endproducts is associated with higher levels of advanced glycation endproducts in plasma and urine: The CODAM study.

Background & Aims: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are formed by the reaction between reducing sugars and proteins. AGEs in the body have been associated with several age-related diseases. High-heat treated and most processed foods are rich in AGEs.

Depression and markers of inflammation as predictors of all-cause mortality in heart failure.

Background: In patients with heart failure (HF) depressive symptoms have been associated with mortality, as well as biological risk factors, including inflammation, nitric oxide (NO) regulation, and oxidative stress. We investigated the joint predictive value of depressive symptoms, inflammation and NO regulation on all-cause mortality in patients with HF, adjusted for covariates.

Methods: Serum levels of inflammation (TNFα, sTNFr1, sTNFr2, IL-6, hsCRP, NGAL), NO regulation (l-arginine, ADMA, and SDMA), and oxidative stress (isoprostane 8-Epi Prostaglandin F2 Alpha) were measured in 104 patients with HF (mean age 65.

Analysis of advanced glycation endproducts in selected food items by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Presentation of a dietary AGE database.

The aim of this study was to validate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in food items and to analyze AGEs in a selection of food items commonly consumed in a Western diet. N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), N(ε)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and N(δ)-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were quantified in the protein fractions of 190 food items using UPLC-MS/MS. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were 2-29%.