Regulation of angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation by human vault RNA1-2.

Noncoding RNAs play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent evidence has identified vault RNAs (vtRNAs) as critical regulators of cellular homeostasis. The human genome encodes four vtRNA paralogs, which are differentially expressed in cancer tissues and contribute to tumor development.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) for risk stratification after acute ischemic stroke: Results from the BIOSIGNAL cohort study.

Introduction: Recent studies in stroke patients from predominantly Asian populations have underscored the significance of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a valuable blood biomarker for predicting incident strokes and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, its prognostic role after ischemic stroke in other populations is not yet comprehensively investigated.

Patients And Methods: We measured plasma TMAO levels in 1726 acute ischemic stroke patients (within 24 h from symptom onset) from the multicenter BIOSIGNAL cohort.

MRI versus CT before endovascular thrombectomy in the early time window: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Selection of acute stroke patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) within 6 h from symptom onset can be done using MRI or CT. However, association of either imaging modality with better clinical outcomes or shorter workflow times is still not fully understood.

Methods: We searched Medline and Ovid-Embase for studies comparing outcomes and workflow metrics between patients selected for EVT using CT or MRI from inception to November 30, 2024.

Adolescent Sleep Disruption: Implications for Psychiatric Morbidity.

Adolescence marks a critical developmental period characterized by dramatic brain maturation and heightened vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. This review underscores the pivotal role of sleep in adolescent development and its bidirectional relationship with mental health. We identify how genetic and long- and short-term environmental factors link sleep disturbance to psychiatric vulnerability.

Motor evoked potential monitoring and continuous dynamic mapping: Warning criteria during surgery on motor eloquent intra-axial brain tumors.

Objective: We investigated the relationship between intraoperative changes of direct cortical stimulation (DCS) motor evoked potentials (MEP), lowest motor threshold (MT) reached during subcortical dynamic mapping, and the patient's motor outcome.

Methods: We included data from 473 intra-axial brain tumor surgeries, 432 of which had motor outcome reported directly after surgery, at discharge and the 3-month follow-up visit. The MEP changes and MT groups were correlated with clinical parameters.

Mortality After Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.

Objectives: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has historically had a poor prognosis, but advances in diagnosis and treatment may have improved outcomes. This study evaluated mortality rates, causes of death, and predictors of early and late mortality in CVT using international data.

Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, we analyzed data from adults with CVT enrolled between 1995 and 2021.

Diagnostic value of MRI for posttreatment surveillance of early-stage (I-II) glottic larynx cancer.

Purpose: There is no uniformity across various guidelines in defining the modality and frequency of the follow-up, particularly regarding radiological imaging. The objective is to assess the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based posttreatment surveillance for early-stage (I-II) glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Methods: The follow-up of patients diagnosed with glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, treated with radiotherapy or surgery in curative intent, was analyzed over a period of 2 years posttreatment.

Cryptogenic stroke, left atrial function, and atrial fibrillation: a complex relationship.

Background: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) may underlie some embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS), but the widespread use of loop recorders (LRs) to detect it may not be cost-effective. This study evaluated whether assessing left atrial (LA) function by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) could help to identify ESUS patients most likely to benefit from LR monitoring for AF detection.

Methods: Consecutive ESUS patients diagnosed between 2020 and 2023, who underwent LR implantation and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation, including STE, were enrolled.

Identification of cystatin C as a new marker of glomerular filtration rate, and of shrunken pore syndrome - a new kidney disorder defining selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes - calls for expansion of the international KDIGO guidelines.

Cystatin C was identified as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 1979, and the parallel analysis of cystatin C and creatinine led to the identification of shrunken pore syndrome (SPS) - a new kidney disorder - in 2015. Since then, it has been shown that cystatin C in many aspects is superior to creatinine as a marker of GFR and cardiovascular risk. SPS, an entity within the selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes (SGHS), has been demonstrated to be associated with a strong increase in morbidity and mortality in several populations.

7 Tesla MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights From Its Use in Clinical Routine.

Background: 7 Tesla (7 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers higher spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, enhancing visualization of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, including cortical and deep gray matter lesions. It improves detection of MS biomarkers like paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) and central vein sign (CVS). Costs have impacted its adoption and experience in clinical practice.

Untargeted Metabolite Profile Associations with Body Mass Index, Waist-Hip Ratio, and Antiretroviral Therapy in >1300 People with HIV: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

Background: Obesity is a major concern in people with HIV (PWH). How obesity and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with specific metabolite profiles in PWH is not well described.

Methods: We included Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants aged ≥45 years.

MTAP expression by immunohistochemistry: a novel biomarker in non-small cell cancer of the lung.

Introduction: Loss of MTAP serves as a potential predictive marker of response to cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors and as negative predictor of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. We investigated the prevalence of MTAP deficiency by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in NSCLC as a surrogate for MTAP loss.

Methods: MTAP IHC was performed on 698 NSCLC samples.

Ghrelin's role in regulating food intake among inpatients at nutritional risk: A secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial EFFORT.

Background: Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that stimulates food intake by hypothalamic actions. There is limited data on its circulating levels, pathophysiological role, and prognostic and therapeutic potential in disease-related malnutrition.

Methods: We investigated via this secondary analysis of the randomized controlled Effect of early nutritional support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of malnourished medical inpatients Trial (EFFORT) the association of admission ghrelin levels in terms of malnutrition phenotype, nutritional target achievement, and treatment response.

Risk stratification for disease reactivation after therapy de-escalation/discontinuation in relapsing multiple sclerosis by the VIAADISC score.

Objective: To investigate whether the VIAADISC score predicts disease reactivation in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) after de-escalation/discontinuation of disease-modifying-therapy (DMT) METHODS: We included RMS patients who i) received any DMT other than interferon-beta or glatiramer-acetate ≥12 months, ii) de-escalated/discontinued DMT, iii) had MRI before de-escalation/discontinuation, and iv) had ≥12 months of follow-up. VIAADISC score (0-6; age <45/45-54/≥55 = 2/1/0 points, MRI activity = 2 points, duration without clinical disease activity <4/4-8/>8 years = 2/1/0 points) was calculated. The primary endpoint was disease reactivation (relapse and/or disability progression).

Early Thrombolysis and Outcomes in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Background: This individual participant data meta-analysis aimed to determine whether time to treatment influences the effect of intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT), intravenous thrombolysis, and conservative standard therapy on visual outcomes in nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase up to June 2023 for studies reporting treatment modality and peri-treatment best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for ≥5 participants, excluding patients with nonsevere vision loss (BCVA <1.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) or treated after 24 hours of symptom onset.

Distinction and mutual Influences between Parkinson's Disease-related and unrelated Chronic Pain.

Background: Chronic pain (i.e. > 3 months) is a common nonmotor symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the attribution to PD is critical for further treatment.

Unraveling Microstructural and Macrostructural Brain Age Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: In multiple sclerosis (MS), neurodegeneration results from the interplay between disease-specific pathology and normal aging. Conventional MRI captures morphologic changes in neurodegeneration, while quantitative MRI (qMRI) provides biophysical measures of microstructural alterations. Combining these modalities may reveal how aging and pathology interact and contribute to disability progression in people with MS.

Neurological and Immunological Insights Into Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Introduction Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) has emerged as a major health concern, affecting approximately 3.0-11.7% of infected individuals.

Physiotherapists' perceptions of palliative care: a qualitative survey.

Background: There is a clear need for physiotherapy in the care of patients receiving palliative care, especially in hospital-based settings.

Objective And Methods: This study aimed to identify Swiss hospital-based physiotherapists' perceptions and experiences in palliative care, using an online qualitative survey design, and analyzing the data using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: In total, 75 hospital-based physiotherapists participated in the study, of which 68% had palliative care experience.

Safety of endovascular therapy in ischemic stroke patients ⩾90 years: A cohort study from the EVA-TRISP collaboration.

Introduction: Data on safety of endovascular therapy (EVT) in the very elderly are scarce. Using data from a large prospective EVT registry, we aimed at providing better evidence for EVT decision-making in patients aged 90 years and older.

Patients And Methods: In this multicentre observational study from the EVA-TRISP collaboration outcomes were compared between patients aged ⩾90 years with those aged <90 years using multivariate logistic regression analysis and reporting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Does omitting the clinical target volume in stereotactic radiotherapy for NSCLC affect oncologic outcomes? A retrospective analysis.

Aims: The use of CTV margins in lung SBRT is not standard practice due to historically high local control (LC) rates and concerns about toxicity. However, limited data exist evaluating their necessity. This study aims to assess LC outcomes in lung SBRT and investigates the relationship between LC and dose coverage for a hypothetical CTV (hCTV).

Once- versus twice-daily direct oral anticoagulants after ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation - A post-hoc analysis of the ELAN trial.

Introduction: Whether the risk-benefit profile of once-daily versus twice-daily direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) differs after atrial fibrillation(AF)-associated ischemic stroke is unclear. We explored this in a post-hoc analysis of ELAN trial data (NCT03148457).

Patients And Methods: We compared the risk of the primary outcome (recurrent ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), major extracranial bleeding, vascular death) from treatment initiation to the trial's 90-day follow-up in participants treated with once-daily or twice-daily DOAC after AF-associated stroke using Firth's logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression in unadjusted, inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted and augmented-inverse-probability-weighted models to address confounding.

Consensus Finding Among LLMs to Retrieve Information About Oncological Trials.

Background: Automated classification of medical literature is increasingly vital, especially in oncology. As shown in previous work, LLMs can be used as part of a flexible framework to accurately classify biomedical literature and trials. In the present study, we aimed to explore to what extent a consensus-based approach could improve classification performance.