Transcriptomic insights into infection-associated pulmonary granulomas reveal multicellular immune networks and tuberculosis biomarkers in cattle.

, a member of the complex (MTBC), has emerged as a significant contributor to tuberculosis (TB) in cattle, wildlife, and humans. However, understanding about its pathogenesis and severity is limited, compounded by the lack of reliable TB biomarkers in cattle. This study delves into the comparative pathology and transcriptomic landscape of pulmonary granulomas in cattle naturally infected with , using high-throughput RNA sequencing.

The global spectrum of tree crown architecture.

Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species.

Intensity of Nest Defense of White-Winged Choughs () in Urban Versus Natural Habitats.

Nesting birds face significant risks of predation, prompting parents to invest in nest defense. However, not all environments are the same, and parental investment may vary across different environments. Urbanization often leads to habitat changes and an increase in generalist nest predators, potentially driving a higher risk of reproductive failure for birds.

Conserving the critically endangered Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu)-future distribution and efficiency of protected areas under climate change.

Climate change is impacting species distribution at a global scale, posing a significant threat to biodiversity. Special attention needs to be given to threatened species like the Kashmir Red Deer (Cervus hanglu hanglu). Despite being a symbol of global conservation, holistic management is necessary for decision-making and species recovery.

Influence of water pH and temperature on breeding and embryo development of Indian spiny loach (Lepidocephalichthys thermalis).

The Indian spiny loach (Lepidocephalichthys thermalis), a member of the Cobitidae family and small indigenous species (SIS), is an emerging candidate species for diversification in the Indian aquaculture sector due to its ecological adaptability and culture potential. However, the captive breeding and seed production protocols for commercial seed production of loach fish remain unexplored. Therefore, the present experiment was aimed at studying the effects of water pH and temperature manipulation on the natural spawning and embryonic development of L.

Geospatial distribution of Leptospira-specific antibodies in febrile illness cases from Dakshina Kannada, India (2022-2023).

Background: Leptospirosis, a significant zoonotic disease, remains a major public health challenge in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India, particularly during the monsoon.

Objectives: To conduct spatial and temporal analysis of leptospirosis and investigate serogroup-specific distribution of Leptospira antibodies among febrile illness cases in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka state, India during 2022-2023.

Methods: A total of 3489 serum samples from human febrile illness cases were screened for Leptospira-specific IgM antibodies using commercial ELISA.

Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world's forests.

Species' traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe.

Chemical Immobilization of Red Serows (Capricornis rubidus) with Ketamine and Medetomidine.

The red serow (Capricornis rubidus) is a solitary, cryptic, forest-dwelling goat-antelope species from Asia, with very limited veterinary and health information. We report on the chemical immobilization of three red serows by using medetomidine (0.03 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg).

Speciation in the Peninsular Indian Flying Lizard (Draco dussumieri) Follows Climatic Transition and Not Physical Barriers.

Marked with high levels of endemism and in situ radiations, the Western Ghats mountains make for a compelling backdrop to examine processes that lead to the formation and maintenance of species. Regional geographic barriers and paleoclimatic fluctuations have been implicated as drivers of speciation, but their roles have not been explicitly tested in a phylogenomic framework. We integrated mitochondrial DNA, genome-wide SNPs and climatic data to examine the influence of geographic barriers and climatic transitions in shaping phylogeography and potential speciation in the Peninsular Indian Flying lizard (Draco dussumieri).

Molecular Characterization of Paragonimus westermani from South India.

Purpose: Paragonimus westermani is the most common lung fluke infecting humans in Asia. This study aimed to molecularly characterize adult P. westermani from the south India (Kerala) using ITS-2, partial 28 S rDNA and partial cox1 gene sequences.

Harvesting of microalgae using Saccharum officinarum bagasse: characterization, process optimization, and evaluation of harvesting potential.

In microalgae downstream processing, biomass harvesting is a key step that requires a huge amount of energy. Microalgae harvesting can directly influence the microalgal biomass industry for its wide applications. In the present work, sugarcane bagasse (SB) was investigated as a plant waste-derived flocculant for harvesting microalgae.

Optimization of expression and renaturation methods for the production of a recombinant fibrinolytic protease showing in vivo antithrombotic activity.

Bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes are promising in treating thrombosis-associated cardiovascular disease. The recombinant fibrinolytic enzymes exhibiting enhanced specificity and improved pharmacokinetics, being less immunogenic and easy to produce, can be advantageous over wild-type enzymes. However, efficient expression and refolding of recombinant enzymes is a significant challenge; therefore, three different analytical methods were compared in this study for the efficient expression and refolding of a recombinant fibrinolytic protease.

Behavioral sequences across multiple animal species in the wild share common structural features.

Animal behavior can be decomposed into a sequence of discrete activity bouts over time. Analyzing the statistical structure of such behavioral sequences can provide insights into the drivers of behavioral decisions. Laboratory studies, predominantly in invertebrates, have suggested that behavioral sequences exhibit multiple timescales and long-range memory, but whether these results can be generalized to other taxa and to animals in natural settings remains unclear.

Healing from the wild: an ethnozoological exploration of animal-based medicine in Jhargram, West Bengal, India.

Background: India possesses immense faunal, floral, and cultural diversity that supports numerous ethnic communities relying on traditional medicine for primary healthcare. The Jhargram district, an underprivileged area in West Bengal, India, and part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, is rich in biodiversity. This area is home to various ethnic communities that practice their own ethnobiological medicine.

Epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment strategies, and future perspectives on Oropouche virus.

Oropouche virus (OROV), a mosquito-borne pathogen primarily found in the Amazon basin, has attracted increasing attention due to its expanding geographical spread and recurrent outbreaks. First identified in 1955, OROV causes Oropouche fever, a febrile illness with clinical features that often overlap with those of other arboviral infections, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever also circulate in the same regions of South and Central America, further complicating the clinical differentiation of OROV from these infections.

Preparation and characterization of an algal-based magnetic biochar nanocomposite for the removal of azocarmine G2 dye from aqueous solutions.

Dyes are released into bodies of water as the textile industry expands in response to the growth of the global population. These textile dyes have severe effects on the environment, including wildlife, terrestrial species, and humans. This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of an algal-based magnetic biochar nanocomposite for the efficient adsorption of azocarmine G2 (ACG2) dye from aqueous solutions.

Microplastic contamination in wild freshwater fish: Global trends, challenges and perspectives.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants of global concern with potential risks to wildlife and human health. This study reviewed the literature on MP contamination in wild freshwater fish, analyzing 144 articles published since 2016. Studies were conducted in 45 countries, mainly by China (8.

Social dominance in rats is a determinant of susceptibility to stress.

Establishing a dominance hierarchy in social organisms is important for access to resources. Stress has been proposed as a major factor influencing an animal's likely position in a social hierarchy. Although individual differences in vulnerability to stress are increasingly recognized, how social hierarchy affects vulnerability remains relatively understudied.

Using a large citizen science dataset to uncover diverse patterns of elevational migration in Himalayan birds.

Among montane birds, elevational migration is a well-described phenomenon. Yet, apart from mountain ranges in the Americas, there is little information on the large-scale patterns and extent of elevational migration. Using a large citizen science dataset (eBird), we determine the elevational ranges of 377 Himalayan bird species in their breeding and non-breeding periods.

Comprehensive assessment of snow leopard distribution and population in the Indian Trans-Himalaya, Ladakh: Standardizing methods for evidence-based conservation.

Effective conservation of threatened species depends on accurate scientific assessment of their occurrence and population status. This information is often lacking or has poor scientific reliability for low-density carnivores, such as snow leopards (Panthera uncia) that inhabit remote and challenging habitats. We address prevalent sampling and study design limitations and evaluate the population and distribution of snow leopards and their prey using a double sampling approach across the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh (~59,000 km2), India.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to health and well-being in a forest fringe community in southern India.

Background: Variations in healthcare perceptions, knowledge and behaviors across different socioeconomic strata and regions underscore disparities in healthcare access and satisfaction levels. The Covid-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerability of forest-dependent communities to increased disease risks and the need to involve local communities in pandemic preparedness through education and awareness regarding disease and ill-health. This article synthesizes the challenges with respect to health and disease, healthcare services, and access to the same among forest-fringe communities.

Dynamics of cytosolic and organellar gene transcripts in wild and cultivated genotypes of pigeon pea due to simulated herbivory.

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), widely grown in India, suffers significant yield losses due to pod borers (Helicoverpa armigera and Maruca vitrata). Therefore, studying the host resistance mechanism is pivotal for crop improvement. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis on two wild-type (WT) Cajanus scarabaeoides accessions (ICP-15761 and ICP-15738) having high levels of resistance to pod borers and two cultivated C.

Effect of gamma irradiation on guava fruit fly (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), optimization of sterility dose and its field performance.

Purpose: The effect of gamma irradiation on the reproductive performance of was studied to explore the potential application of the sterile insect technique.

Materials And Methods: Radio-biological studies involved dose-response experiments in the range of 10-70 Gy. Reproductive behavior of seven days old pupae of was ascertained by evaluating fecundity and fertility.

Acoustic behaviour and flight tone frequency changes in adult Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.

Species-specific wingbeat frequency of mosquitoes has already been shown to be useful in species identification. However, mosquito identification using their fundamental wingbeat frequency requires proper evaluation along with its morphological and ecological characters. An acoustic study was carried out on four species of laboratory reared mosquitoes Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles crawfordi, and Armigeres subalbatus.

Sustainable recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from coal and coal ash through urban mining: A Nature Based Solution (NBS) for circular economy.

The demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has surged in recent years, driven by their crucial role in various industrial applications and their uneven geological distribution. As a result, urban mining from secondary resources, particularly coal and coal ash, has gained traction as a sustainable solution within a circular economy framework. This study highlights the significant presence of REEs in coal and coal ash, revealing that certain samples contain REE concentrations that rival traditional ores.