Forward Weight Prediction among Small for Gestational Age, Average for Gestational Age, and Large for Gestational Age Neonates.

This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the gestation-adjusted projection (GAP) forward projection model among neonates classified as small (SGA), appropriate (AGA), or large for gestational age (LGA), and to assess the impact of elevated maternal body mass index (BMI) on prediction accuracy. The GAP model uses percentile-based extrapolation to predict birth weight from remote ultrasounds, maintaining fetal weight percentile from scan to delivery, unlike traditional methods relying on static weight estimates near delivery.We conducted a retrospective review (2016-2023) of singleton, liveborn, nonanomalous pregnancies delivered after 28 weeks.

Pyrethroids demonstrate effective insecticidal activity against ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) within tree fruit, nut, and ornamental production systems.

The ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are major pests in fruit, nut, and ornamental tree nurseries. Adult females tunnel into stressed trees, creating galleries in the sapwood and heartwood to cultivate their nutritional fungal mutualists, which are associated with branch dieback and tree death. The current management approach relies on trunk applications of permethrin and bifenthrin to decrease infestation risk in the United States.

Inter-epidemic seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus and associated risk factors in humans in Eastern Rwanda.

Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis that causes periodic and explosive epizootics/epidemics in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In Rwanda, RVF virus (RVFV) circulation has resulted into two major outbreaks in 2018 and 2022, both of which involving humans. Information on the magnitude of human exposure to RVFV in the country is scarce.

Case Report: Primary intracranial lymphoma and meningioma manifesting as a composite tumor in a cat.

A 13-year-old, male neutered, Domestic Shorthair cat presented to the Virginia Tech Veterinary Teaching Hospital Neurology service for evaluation of episodes of altered mental status. On initial evaluation, the patient was noted to be alert and responsive, with a vestibular ataxia characterized by falling to the left and circling to the right. The neuroanatomic localization was consistent with multifocal intracranial disease affecting both brainstem and forebrain structures.

Underrepresentation and moderation of parent education levels in ADHD psychosocial treatment trials: A meta-analysis.

Objective: We sought to ascertain the representativeness of psychosocial treatment trials for youth with ADHD in terms of parent education (PE) and race and to determine whether these study characteristics moderated treatment outcomes.

Method: High-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with ADHD conducted in the U.S.

Bovine Endometrium Drives and Responds to Divergence of In Vitro Produced Conceptus Biochemistry.

In vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos enhance herd genetics for important food production traits and support advanced reproductive technologies. However, less than 50% survive the first month of gestation after transfer to the surrogate. While the biochemical consequences of in vitro culture on the embryo before transfer have been well documented, less is known after transfer when the embryo interacts with the endometrium and pregnancy failure occurs.

ProtAlign-ARG: antibiotic resistance gene characterization integrating protein language models and alignment-based scoring.

The evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance pose a global health challenge. Whole genome and metagenomic sequencing offer a promising approach to monitoring the spread, but typical alignment-based approaches for antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) detection are inherently limited in the ability to detect new variants. Large protein language models could present a powerful alternative but are limited by databases available for training.

Nymphal abundance is best predictor of squash bug damage to zucchini.

Current pest management decisions for squash bug, Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a key cucurbit pest in North America, are based on counts of adults and egg masses. Nymphs contribute strongly to crop damage and are the life stage most vulnerable to insecticides, and therefore are considered an important target for effective chemical-based integrated pest management. In order to identify which life stage most accurately predicts future yield, we evaluated the relationship between different squash bug life stages and marketable summer squash yield.

A qualitative study exploring physiotherapists' insights on the design and development of technology-enhanced gait and balance assessment systems for older adults.

Background: Despite the eruption of digital care systems for older adults, their benefits and challenges in clinical practice are uncertain.

Objective: We aimed to explore physiotherapists' perspectives on technology-based gait and balance assessment systems for older adults and provide exploration insights to inform potential design requirements and candidate metrics for future systems.

Methods: Qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with 20 physiotherapists was conducted to examine physiotherapists' expertise in gait and balance evaluations (e.

Increased DNA methylation of Igf2 in the male hippocampus regulates age-related deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory.

The aging process is characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities, which affects nearly 33 % of U.S. adults over the age of 70 and is a risk factor for the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Loss of a morph is associated with asymmetric character release in a radiation of woodland salamanders.

Color polymorphism, the occurrence of multiple discrete color morphs with co-adapted sets of traits within the same population, may provide the raw materials for rapid species formation. It has been hypothesized that fixation of a single morph can result in character release, whereby the monomorphic form evolves without the constraint of accommodating multiple adaptive peaks. However, rates of evolution between populations fixed for different morphs likely depend on the specific adaptive zones occupied by each morph.

Motion-invariant variational autoencoding of brain structural connectomes.

Mapping of human brain structural connectomes via diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) offers a unique opportunity to understand brain structural connectivity and relate it to various human traits, such as cognition. However, head displacement during image acquisition can compromise the accuracy of connectome reconstructions and subsequent inference results. We develop a generative model to learn low-dimensional representations of structural connectomes invariant to motion-induced artifacts, so that we can link brain networks and human traits more accurately, and generate motion-adjusted connectomes.

Social environment and the evolution of delayed reproduction in birds.

One puzzling feature of avian life histories is that individuals in many different lineages delay reproduction for several years after they finish growing. Intraspecific field studies suggest that various complex social environments-such as cooperative breeding groups, nesting colonies, and display leks-result in delayed reproduction because they require forms of sociosexual development that extend beyond physical maturation. Here, we formally propose this hypothesis and use a full suite of phylogenetic comparative methods to test it, analyzing the evolution of age at first reproduction (AFR) in females and males across 963 species of birds.

Gut microbiota maturation and early behavioral and cognitive development.

The presence of gut microbiota-brain-axis has been widely reported. However, few studies have focused on uncovering the potential associations during a time-period that our brain and gut microbiota undergo rapid maturation. We evaluated the potential associations between characteristics of gut microbiota and cognition and temperament using an accelerated longitudinal design in typically developing children over 0-3 years of age.

Environmental Control of Ferroelectricity in Hafnia Films.

Ferroelectricity in hafnia films has triggered significant research interest over the past decade due to its immense promise for next-generation memory devices. However, the origin of ferroic behavior at the nanoscale and the means to control it remain an open question, with the consensus being that it deviates from conventional ferroelectrics. In this work, a novel approach is presented to tune ferroelectric properties of hafnia through environmental control using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM).

Five novel RNA viruses of the invasive big-headed ant (Pheidole megacephala).

The African big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala, is one of the most destructive invasive ant species, posing a significant threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem function, particularly in island ecosystems. Despite recent efforts to characterize pathogens in other major invasive ants, P. megacephala has received comparatively little attention.

Historical availability of arable land affects contemporaneous female labor and health outcomes.

We contribute to the understanding of mechanisms underlying deep-rooted gender norms by exploring the link between the historical availability of arable land and contemporary gender outcomes. We argue that an abundance of arable land in historical times, i.e.

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste.

The global microplastic crisis, coupled with the growing challenges of food waste disposal, necessitates innovative solutions to address these environmental issues together. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are unique bioplastics that are fully biodegradable in all environments, including marine ecosystems, offering a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. At the same time, utilizing food waste as a feedstock for PHA production provides an effective strategy for mitigating the challenges of food waste disposal while producing high-value biodegradable plastics.

Longitudinal predictors of alcohol use and problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in an at-risk veteran sample.

Individuals with pre-existing heavy alcohol use, prior traumatic exposures, and psychiatric disorders were considered an at-risk group for increased alcohol use and problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recruited from a multi-centre longitudinal cohort study of US military service members/veterans with combat exposure to examine the trajectories of alcohol use and problems in the context of a prolonged stressor. Individuals who endorsed heavy drinking and completed a measure of PTSD symptoms prior to the pandemic were invited to participate in a longitudinal survey study at three time points, three months apart, during the second year of the pandemic.

Microbial, genetic, and urban drivers of ant invasions.

Invasive ants are among the most destructive invaders worldwide, causing ecological disruption, economic losses, and public health risks. While classic traits such as polygyny, colony budding, and supercoloniality are well-known contributors to their success, emerging research reveals a broader suite of mechanisms driving their invasiveness. This review synthesizes recent findings on the microbial, genetic, and behavioral factors that facilitate ant invasions.

Volatile fatty acids recovery from thermophilic acidogenic fermentation using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents.

Background: Volatile fatty acids (VFA) derived from acidogenic fermentation can be recovered as precursors for synthesizing value-added chemicals to replace those from fossil fuels. However, separating VFAs from the fermentation broth with complex constituents and a high-water content is an energy-intensive process.

Results: This study developed an innovative membrane extraction technology, utilizing hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) as the acceptor phase along with an omniphobic membrane contactor for efficient extraction of anhydrous VFAs.