Anatomical and Digital Image Analysis of Flavonoid-Mediated Grain Coloration in Rye ( L.).

Rye exhibits high diversity in grain coloration among small cereals, which is mainly linked to the presence of colored flavonoids synthesized in the outer layers of the kernel. This variability is not yet sufficiently described from colorimetric, cytological, and biochemical points of view. In this study, the localization of flavonoid pigments, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), was analyzed across different grain tissues in 26 rye lines with identified anthocyanin grain color genes.

A genome-wide association study in 10,000 individuals links plasma N-glycome to liver disease and anti-inflammatory proteins.

More than a half of plasma proteins are N-glycosylated. Most of them are synthesized, glycosylated, and secreted to the bloodstream by liver and lymphoid tissues. While associations with N-glycosylation are implicated in the rising number of liver, cardiometabolic, and immune diseases, little is known about the genetic regulation of this process.

Inheritance bias of deletion-harbouring mtDNA in yeast: The role of copy number and intracellular selection.

During sexual reproduction, fungi usually inherit mtDNA from both parents, however, the distribution of the mtDNA in the progeny can be biased toward some mtDNA variants. For example, crossing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying wild type (rho+) mtDNA with the strain carrying mutant mtDNA variant with a large deletion (rho-) can produce up to 99-100% of rho- diploid progeny. Two factors could contribute to this phenomenon.

Biological Processes Underlying Genetic Adaptation of Larches to Cold and Dry Winter Conditions in Eastern Siberia.

The boreal forests of central and eastern Siberia, dominated by larches, are challenged by increasingly harsher continental conditions and more frequent droughts. Despite the crucial ecosystem services provided by these Siberian boreal forests, the major stressors driving the selective factors as well as the genetic adaptation mechanisms of larches are still unknown. Here we present a landscape genomics study on 243 individuals of the dominant larch tree species, and .

Cellular Partners of Tobamoviral Movement Proteins.

The size of viral genomes is limited, thus the majority of encoded proteins possess multiple functions. The main function of tobamoviral movement protein (MP) is to perform plasmodesmata gating and mediate intercellular transport of the viral RNA. MP is a remarkable example of a protein that, in addition to the initially discovered and most obvious function, carries out numerous activities that are important both for the manifestation of its key function and for successful and productive infection in general.

Understanding the Past to Preserve the Future: Genomic Insights Into the Conservation Management of a Critically Endangered Waterbird.

To ensure the success of genetic rescue, we must minimise the potential negative effects of outbreeding depression that may arise from selecting source populations. The difficulty in assessing the likelihood of outbreeding depression has hindered its consideration in endangered species conservation. However, genomic research offers feasible indications.

A study of the influence of the T2DL.2DS-2SS translocation and the 5S(5D) substitution from Aegilops speltoides on breeding-valuable traits of common wheat.

The use of the gene pool of wild relatives for expanding the genetic diversity of common wheat is an important task of breeding programs. However, the practical application of common wheat lines with alien genetic material is constrained by the lack of information on chromosomal rearrangements and the negative impact of the transferred material on agronomically important traits. This research is aimed at studying 14 introgression lines with the T2DL.

Diet and the Gut Microbiome as Determinants Modulating Metabolic Outcomes in Young Obese Adults.

Obesity, along with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, various cancers, and other non-communicable diseases, thereby contributing to higher mortality rates. The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and influencing human metabolism. This study enrolled 82 young obese individuals, who were stratified into groups with or without metabolic disturbances.

The use of omics technologies in creating LBP and postbiotics based on the U-21.

In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency to create drugs based on certain commensal bacteria of the human microbiota and their ingredients, primarily focusing on live biotherapeutics (LBPs) and postbiotics. The creation of such drugs, termed pharmacobiotics, necessitates an understanding of their mechanisms of action and the identification of pharmacologically active ingredients that determine their target properties. Typically, these are complexes of biologically active substances synthesized by specific strains, promoted as LBPs or postbiotics (including vesicles): proteins, enzymes, low molecular weight metabolites, small RNAs, etc.

Major chromosome rearrangements in intergeneric wheat × rye hybrids in compatible and incompatible crosses detected by GBS read coverage analysis.

The presence of incompatibility alleles in primary amphidiploids constitutes a reproductive barrier in newly synthesized wheat-rye hybrids. To overcome this barrier, the genome stabilization process includes large-scale chromosome rearrangements. In incompatible crosses resulting in fertile amphidiploids, the elimination of one of the incompatible alleles Eml-A1 or Eml-R1b can occur already in the somatic tissue of the wheat × rye hybrid embryo.

IQGAP3 Is an Important Mediator of Skin Inflammatory Diseases.

IQGAP3 (IQ Motif Containing GTPase Activating Protein 3) is member of the IQGAP family of scaffold proteins, which are essential for assembling multiprotein complexes that coordinate various intracellular signaling pathways. Previous research has shown that is overexpressed in psoriatic skin lesions. Given its involvement in processes like cell proliferation and chemokine signaling, we sought to explore its molecular role in driving the psoriatic phenotype of keratinocytes.

as a Model for Studying Human Neurodegenerative Disorders: Viral Capsid Protein Expression.

In this article, we briefly describe human neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and the experimental models used to study them. The main focus is the yeast as an experimental model used to study neurodegenerative processes. We review recent experimental data on the aggregation of human neurodegenerative disease-related proteins in yeast cells.

Using an RNA Aptamer to Inhibit the Action of Effector Proteins of Plant Pathogens.

In previous work, we experimentally demonstrated the possibility of using RNA aptamers to inhibit endogenous protein expression and their function within plant cells In the current work, we show that our proposed method is suitable for inhibiting the functions of exogenous, foreign proteins delivered into the plant via various mechanisms, including pathogen proteins. Stringent experimentation produced robust RNA aptamers that are able to bind to the recombinant HopU1 effector protein of bacteria. This research uses genetic engineering methods to constitutively express/transcribe HopU1 RNA aptamers in transgenic .

The Effects of Acute Bisphenol A Toxicity on the Hematological Parameters, Hematopoiesis, and Kidney Histology of Zebrafish ().

In this study, the results of evaluating the acute toxicity of Bisphenol A on are presented, encompassing peripheral blood parameters, the composition of hematopoietic cells of erythroid and myeloid lines in the head kidney, and data from histological studies. The LC50 values of Bisphenol A for adult zebrafish individuals for 12, 24, and 48-96 h were determined, which were 18.04, 7.

Powdery mildew resistance of apple clonal rootstocks from the collection of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University.

Apple clonal rootstocks are the basis of modern intensive horticulture, providing a rapid increase in yield and convenience of fruit trees cultivation. Production of clonal rootstocks under high humidity often causes powdery mildew infection caused by the pathogenic fungus Podosphaera leucotricha Salm., which significantly reduces the productivity of stoolbed.

Genetic Diversity of Apple Clonal Rootstocks from the Collection of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University Based on SSR Markers.

The Michurinsk State Agrarian University (Michurinsk SAU) is one of the leading centers for breeding apple clonal rootstocks. A diverse collection of apple rootstocks, founded in 1930s by V.I.

Class 1 Reversibly Glycosylated Polypeptides Suppress Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection.

Reversibly glycosylated polypeptides (RGPs) have been identified in many plant species and play an important role in cell wall formation, intercellular transport regulation, and plant-virus interactions. Most plants have several genes with different expression patterns depending on the organ and developmental stage. Here, we report on four members of the RGP family in .

Multi-level analysis of the gut-brain axis shows autism spectrum disorder-associated molecular and microbial profiles.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by heterogeneous cognitive, behavioral and communication impairments. Disruption of the gut-brain axis (GBA) has been implicated in ASD although with limited reproducibility across studies. In this study, we developed a Bayesian differential ranking algorithm to identify ASD-associated molecular and taxa profiles across 10 cross-sectional microbiome datasets and 15 other datasets, including dietary patterns, metabolomics, cytokine profiles and human brain gene expression profiles.

Kanamycin and Ofloxacin Activate the Intrinsic Resistance to Multiple Antibiotics in .

Drug resistance (DR) in is the main problem in fighting tuberculosis (TB). This pathogenic bacterium has several types of DR implementation: acquired and intrinsic DR. Recent studies have shown that exposure to various antibiotics activates multiple genes, including genes responsible for intrinsic DR.

XX/XY sex chromosomes in a blind lizard (Dibamidae): Towards understanding the evolution of sex determination in squamates.

The reconstruction of the evolutionary history of sex determination in squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) is complicated by missing data in many lineages, erroneous reports, and often questionable inferences on state homology. Therefore, despite the large effort, the reconstruction of the ancestral sex determination in squamate reptiles is still controversial. With the hope to shed light on this problem, we aspired to identify the sex chromosome gene content in Dibamus deharvengi, the representative of the family Dibamidae, the putative sister clade to all other squamates.

Application of Genetically Encoded Photoconvertible Protein SAASoti for the Study of Enzyme Activity in a Single Live Cell by Fluorescence Correlation Microscopy.

Fluorescent Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) allows us to determine interactions of labeled proteins or changes in the oligomeric state. The FCS method needs a low amount of fluorescent dye, near nanomolar concentrations. To control the amount of fluorescent dye, we used new photoconvertible FP SAASoti.

Approaches to Formaldehyde Measurement: From Liquid Biological Samples to Cells and Organisms.

Formaldehyde (FA) is the simplest aldehyde present both in the environment and in living organisms. FA is an extremely reactive compound capable of protein crosslinking and DNA damage. For a long time, FA was considered a "biochemical waste" and a by-product of normal cellular metabolism, but in recent decades the picture has changed.