Charge-Rearrangement Averaged Dye Design for Precise, Real-Time, and Portable Monitoring of Complex Solvent Environments.

Although solvatochromic materials provide visual function to differentiate solvents, they fail to precisely monitor complex solvent environments where solvent composition varies dynamically, because of an insensitive absorptional shift in these environments. Relatively, their fluorescence signal change, which should be more sensitive, has always been inefficient, resulting from inherent challenges in excited-state dynamics. Here, we present a charge-rearrangement averaged dye design, instead of traditional donor-acceptor structures, to enable a high locally excited or twisted intramolecular charge transfer emission efficiency.

Improvement of Electrospray Ionization Response Linearity and Quantification in Dissolved Organic Matter Using Synthetic Deuterated Internal Standards.

Aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an ultracomplex mixture of compounds covering a wide range of masses and with an unknown extent of isomeric complexity, making its structural elucidation and quantification highly challenging. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) has advanced DOM analysis, but accurate concentration determination remains limited by the lack of a response factor correction. Here, we address this limitation by introducing novel deuterated compounds as internal standards that mimic DOM structures.

SPRING, an effective and reliable framework for image reconstruction in single-particle Coherent Diffraction Imaging.

Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) is an experimental technique to image isolated structures by recording the scattered light. The sample density can be recovered from the scattered field through a Fourier Transform operation. However, the phase of the field is lost during the measurement and has to be algorithmically retrieved.

Complex carrier particles for respiratory drug delivery analysed with sequentially built DEM-simulation models.

In this study the applicability of different tailor-made carrier particle geometries in interactive powder mixtures for respiratory drug delivery was analysed. Therefore, several numerical simulation models based on the discrete element method were used to give insight into the particle-particle interactions in the powder blend. A loading simulation for creating an interactive blend of the carrier particle with a model drug was performed.

Measurement of the U fission cross section relative to the standard B(n, α) reaction at the CERN n_TOF facility: Results for E< 2 eV.

The neutron induced fission of U is a very important reaction for nuclear technology applications and for the design of future systems to produce clean and safe energy. In addition, it is used as a reference reaction for neutron cross-section measurements, thus, its cross section is needed with a high accuracy over a wide energy range. In this work, the measurement for the U(n,f) reaction was carried out at the n_TOF facility located at CERN, at experimental area EAR-2.

Enhanced Structural Understanding of Dissolved Organic Matter through Comparative LC/MS2 Analysis with Synthetic Carboxylate Rich Alicyclic Molecules.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most complex chemical mixtures known, with its chemical composition having long puzzled biogeochemists. Identifying the chemical structures within DOM is essential for unraveling its origins and environmental fate. However, DOM's complexity has impeded structural elucidation, and molecules with accurate functional group compositions for recalcitrant DOM are poorly represented in the synthetic and isolative literature.

NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome dynamics in murine enteroids are tuned by NAIP ligand concentration and epithelial cell differentiation.

Inflammasomes are central components of mammalian innate immunity activated upon the detection of danger signals such as pathogen ligands. This activation generally leads to pyroptosis and interleukin release, but specific responses vary between cell types. Here, we study nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP)/NLR CARD-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome dynamics of intestinal epithelial cells of murine enteroids at the single-cell level.

Environmental and Inflammatory Factors Drive Perinuclear-Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (pANCA) in Ulcerative Colitis: A European Twin Study.

Background: Perinuclear-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) have been identified in familial ulcerative colitis (UC), but the mechanism underlying their expression remains elusive. We assessed the role of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and systemic subclinical inflammation in the development of pANCA in a twin cohort with UC.

Methods: A total of 48 twin pairs (Leuven, Belgium n = 4, Maastricht, The Netherlands n = 6 and Örebro, Sweden n = 38) with UC were included.

Cardiac Ultrasound in Cardiovascular Emergency and Critical Care. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), the Acute CardioVascular Care Association (ACVC) of the ESC, and the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (EACTAIC).

Cardiac ultrasound (CUS) has emerged as an indispensable bedside diagnostic and monitoring tool in cardiovascular emergencies and critical care, enabling rapid, noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure and function. This multidisciplinary consensus statement, jointly developed by the EACVI, ACVC, and EACTAIC, provides comprehensive, practical guidance on the use of CUS in acute care settings. The document outlines a pathophysiological framework for applying CUS across a wide spectrum of clinical scenarios, including cardiogenic shock, acute myocardial infarction, mechanical complications, acute heart failure, severe valvular disease, pericardial tamponade, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac arrest.

Mast Cell Phenotypic Heterogeneity Impacts the Interplay with Pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium Bacteria.

Mast cells (MCs) lodge within barrier tissues and respond to infectious microbes. Recent work demonstrated that MCs differentiate their cytokine response to extracellular versus invasive Gram-negative enterobacteria by a two-step activation mechanism that integrates Toll-like-receptor (TLR) sensing with signals elicited by type-III-secretion-system (TTSS) effectors during bacterial invasion. However, multiple MC subtypes exist, and it remains unclear how their phenotypic heterogeneity impacts microbial interactions.

Comparing dose response of cancer incidence in Sweden after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident with Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors.

Follow-up of the atomic bomb survivors in Japan in the Life Span Study (LSS) has been fundamental for the understanding of the dose-response curve. We compare our risk estimates from a newly published epidemiological study on cancer in Sweden after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident with the LSS data. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for rural/nonrural habitat, education level, and pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence from 1980 to 1985, respectively.

Pyridine-Based Multifunctional Surface Passivators Enable Efficient and Stable Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics.

Efficient surface passivation is crucial for mitigating defect-induced recombination losses in perovskite-based indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), where charge carrier dynamics are particularly sensitive to trap states under low-intensity illumination. Here, we introduce two pyridine-based passivators, tris[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]amine () and its ionic counterpart (), to achieve high-performance and stable perovskite IPVs. These passivators strongly coordinate with under-coordinated Pb ions, effectively reducing trap densities and improving hydrophobicity.

Variation in fecal hemoglobin concentrations: Cross-sectional analysis of a screening trial and a screening program in Sweden.

ObjectivesTo assess variation in fecal hemoglobin concentration according to year and season of fecal immunochemical test screening in Sweden, the detection rate of advanced neoplasia, and factors that could influence fecal immunochemical test positivity including sex, age, comorbidity, and laboratory testing quality.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the fecal immunochemical test arm of the randomized controlled trial SCREESCO between March 2014 and December 2019 and of participants in the screening program of Stockholm-Gotland, Sweden, who underwent a one-sample fecal immunochemical test between October 2015 and October 2024.ResultsA total of 33,232 individuals from SCREESCO and 315,664 individuals from the Stockholm-Gotland screening program were included.

Strategic advances in liposomes technology: translational paradigm in transdermal delivery for skin dermatosis.

Liposomes, spherical vesicles made of phospholipids and cholesterol, have captivated researchers for their encapsulation abilities, biocompatibility, and versatility. This review delves into the core aspects and benefits of liposomal technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery in treating skin dermatosis. It offers an extensive overview of liposomes, emphasizing various preparation methods, classification, and encapsulation techniques.

Microscopic geared metamachines.

The miniaturization of mechanical machines is critical for advancing nanotechnology and reducing device footprints. Traditional efforts to downsize gears and micromotors have faced limitations at around 0.1 mm for over thirty years due to the complexities of constructing drives and coupling systems at such scales.

Communicating Antimicrobial Resistance on Instagram: Content Analysis of #AntibioticResistance.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health issue heavily influenced by human behavior. Effective communication and awareness-raising are crucial in curbing AMR, with social network sites (SNSs) significantly shaping health behaviors. Despite their potential, current analyses of AMR on SNSs have focused mainly on top-down communication initiatives.

Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Propagated microRNA From Aortic Stenosis Patients Render Pro-Calcifying Effects on Valve Interstitial Cells.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microRNAs (miRs) have been found to be differently expressed in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS). Here, we profiled the expression of miRs associated with circulating EVs from severe AS patients and found several altered miRs compared with healthy counterparts. EVs from AS patients induced calcification through expression of the pro-osteogenic genes osteocalcin and osteopontin with corresponding proteins.

Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Growth Rate of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Surgical Risk.

Importance: Plasma levels of the gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are associated with prevalent abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in humans and fostering of AAA progression in animal models; therapeutic targeting of TMAO production blocks AAA progression and rupture in multiple mouse models. A blood biomarker that identifies individuals at risk for incident AAA development, accelerated AAA expansion, or recommendation for surgical AAA repair could be an asset for risk stratification.

Objective: To determine whether TMAO is associated with risk for AAA development, rapid AAA expansion, and risk for recommended surgical intervention.

Heavier group 15 elements: a new frontier in molecular switch development.

Molecular switches-compounds capable of reversibly interconverting between distinct states in response to external stimuli-are foundational to the design of dynamic functional materials. Classical switches based on carbon and lighter pnictogen frameworks, such as stilbenes, azobenzenes, and imines, have long dominated the field owing to their well-defined photophysical properties, synthetic accessibility, and reversible /-isomerization or related transformations. In recent years, significant efforts have been devoted to designing molecular switches incorporating main-group elements-not only to harness the unique attributes of these elements in expanding the frontier of stimuli beyond light and heat, but also to unlock novel mechanistic pathways.

Lucid Dreaming: Not Just Awareness, but Agency.

During lucid dreaming (LD), dreamers are aware that they are dreaming and may be able to influence the oneiric content. There has been recent debate about the relative importance of the ability to influence the dream and having agency over the pure awareness of dreaming. To underline this, we examined the associations of lucid dreams without agency (LD-Ag) and lucid dreams with agency (LD + Ag) to sleep and mental health problems and long COVID during the pandemic.

Statins regulate kinase signaling by causing changes in phosphorylation, rather than through changes in gene expression or direct inhibition: evidence in colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Statins, widely used for hypercholesterolemia, have shown anticancer properties including induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis, modulation of autophagy, and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment, making them potential candidates for repurposing in cancer therapy. Although growing evidence suggests that statins may influence kinase signaling, current data remain inconclusive. To better understand this potential mechanism, we investigated the impact of statins on kinase activity.

First-in-human study of the benzothiazinone and DprE1 inhibitor BTZ-043, a novel drug candidate for the treatment of Tuberculosis.

Objectives: This first-in-human, single ascending dose study evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose-2'-epimerase (DprE1) inhibitor BTZ-043.

Methods: BTZ-043 was administered as an oral suspension at doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg along with placebo to healthy participants. Safety assessments included evaluation of laboratory parameters, vital signs, physical and neurological examination, and 12-lead ECG.